Relação entre o fluxo luminoso interceptado em diferentes épocas no índice de área foliar de diferentes forrageiras

The objective was to evaluate the leaf area index of six different grasses. The experiment was installed at the Instituto Federal de Tecnologia e Educacao of Uberaba, using a randomized block design with split plots in time. The plots were sown: Brachiaria decumbens cv. Basilisk, Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu, Panicum maximum cv. Mombasa, Panicum maximum cv. Tanzania, Brachiaria brizantha cv. Xaraes, Cynodon dactylon hb. Tifton and the plots, ten seasons of evaluation in 10 x 6 factorial arrangement with four replications. Rates of leaf area of each forage at different times of year were evaluated. Compared to other forage species, Panicum maximum had a higher leaf area index when subjected to periodic fertilization and irrigation. Only in the late fall Brachiaria Xaraes IAF had increased, but did not differ significantly from the others.

Hepatogenous photosensitization of ruminants by Brachiaria decumbens and Panicum dichotomiflorum in the absence of sporidesmin: Lithogenic saponins may be responsible

As part of a study of plants involved in crystal-associated hepatogenous photosensitization diseases, samples of Brachiaria decumbens and Panicum dichotomiflorum on which cattle and goats had recently been photosensitized were analyzed. The level of saponins associated with these photosensitization outbreaks were determined by GC-MS. Only low levels of Pithomyces chartarum spores were present on the B decumbens, and all isolates obtained failed to produce sporidesmin.

Produção de Brachiaria brizantha e Panicum maximum com milho e adubação nitrogenada

In places characterized with high temperatures and rain occurrence in great intensity in the summer, but with dry winter, the major limitations for the sustainability of no tillage systems are low production of straw during fall-spring period and the fast decomposition during the rain season. To try to solve the problem, intercropped cultures of grains with forage species has presented reliable results; because offer vegetal covering to the next sowing, giving sustainability to the no tillage system. However, being a recent technology, its needed further studies in different areas involved for this system of production. Thus, this study had the objective 1) to evaluate the production of corn grain at different periods of intercropping with Brachiaria brizantha and Panicum maximum in no tillage system, and 2) aimed to evaluate the performance of forage at different periods of intercropping and the responses to nitrogen fertilization after the harvest of the corn, assessing mass productivity and quality. The experiment was carried out at the Lageado experimental farm, School of Agricultural Sciences, Botucatu campus belonged to São Paulo State University (UNESP) in structuralized Red Nitosol (Afisol). The experimental design was randomized blocks with four replications. The treatments were composed for four systems of no tillage involving corn: 1) single corn; 2) corn with Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu intercropped in the sowing; 3) corn with Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu intercropped with the fertilization of covering; 4) corn with Panicum maximum cv. Mombaça intercropped in the sowing and 5) corn with Panicum maximum cv. Mombaça intercropped with the fertilization of covering. After the harvest of the corn, it was applied, in equivalent quantities of nitrogen, ammonium nitrate in covering in doses of 0, 30, 60 and 120 kg ha-1, determining the forage mass productivity and quality. The simultaneous tillage of corn with P. maximum cv. Mombaça in the sowing compromises the grain productivity. When sowed in intercropping, B. brizantha presents a fiber concentration reduction and greater TDN concentration during the fall-spring period. Regarding benefits of intercropped cultures seeking to use in systems of production like agriculture-pasture integration, the best intercropping to be utilized is corn sown simultaneously with B. brizantha cv. Marandu.

Densidade populacional de pratylenchus spp. em pastagens de brachiaria spp. e sua influência na disponibilidade e na qualidade da forragem

The aim of this work was to evaluate the population density of Pratylenchus brachyurus and Pratylenchus zeae associated with Brachiaria brizantha, B. decumbens and B. humidicola and their influence on forage availability and quality. The experiment was conducte in the Hisaeda Farm, Terenos, MS, Brazil. Soil, roots and plant aerial part were harvest with ten replications each, in one square meter randomized sets encompassing three treatments: Good, Intermediary and Bad, visually characterized, considering the percentage of green material. P. brachyurus and P. zeae density were evaluated in soil and plant roots. Dry matter of green, dead and re-growth materials, plant nutritional status and forage quality were assessed in the aerial plant part. Soil fertility was determined in all harvested samples. Both nematode species were identified from all samples, with a larger numbe in the roots (between 87-311 P. brachyurus and 1-61 P. zeae.10 g-1) than in the soil (0-8 P. brachyurus and 1-39 P. zeae.200 cm-3), however, no significant differences were found in the number of specimens between treatments. Considering that these forage species are perennial and host Pratylenchus spp, there is a tendency to increase the population of these pathogens over time, becoming a serious phytosanitary problem.

Composição química, digestibilidade e produção de gases in vitro de cultivares de Brachiaria manejados em diferentes ofertas de forragem

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Produção e perdas de forragem em pastagens dos cultivares Tanzânia e Mombaça de Panicum maximum Jacq. adubadas com doses crescentes de NPK

Pós-graduação em Zootecnia - FCAV

Efeitos da irrigação e adubação nitrogenada sobre a produção de matéria seca e qualidade da forragem de cultivares de Panicum maximum Jacq

Pós-graduação em Zootecnia - FEIS

Produção de forragem e de sementes de Brachiaria decumbens Stapf em função da adubação com nitrogênio e fósforo e cultura antecessora

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Características morfogênicas do dossel de Brachiaria brizantha (Hochst ex. A. Rich.) cv. Marandu manejada com diferentes ofertas de forragem sob lotação intermitente

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Produção e qualidade da forragem de acessos do gênero Paspalum

Pós-graduação em Zootecnia - FMVZ

Germoplasma do gênero Paspalum com potencial para produção de forragem

This study was carried out in Fazenda Canchim in Sao Carlos-SP, physical base of Embrapa Southeast Livestock, aiming to select, based on the agronomic characteristics of productivity of dry matter and quality of the forage, the accesses of suitable gender Paspalum for possessing potentiality of use as foraging plants. Were evaluated for 3 years, with 22 forage grasses, being 19 of Paspalum and three more of control species: Brachiaria decumbens, Andropogon gayanus cv. Baet and Panicum maximum cv. Tanzania, submitted to two intensification levels: high (fertilizer after each cut and supplemental irrigation) and low (only fertilizer of annual replacement without irrigation). The experimental design was of split blocks subdivided in the space and time with two replications. The studied variables were: dry matter production, in vitro dry matter digestibility and crude protein content. The results show that the accesses responded to the intensification level minimizing the negative effect of the stational production. Based on the studied variables, the selected accesses were: BRA-011401 (Paspalum glaucescens); BRA-011681 (P. atratum); BRA009661 (P. atratum) and BRA-019186 (P. regnellii).

Produção de forragem e composição estrutural de pastos de Brachiaria brizantha cv. Xaraés manejados em diferentes alturas de pastejo

The objective of this study was to analyze the production of dry mass, forage accumulation rate and the structural composition of Brachiaria brizantha cv. Xaraes pastures, managed under different grazing heights in continuous stocking. The experimental area was 12 hectares, divided in paddocks of one hectare each. The treatments were 15, 30, 45 and 60 cm of defoliation heights. Nellore steers were used to reach the desired heights. Every 28 days four cut samples and eight visual samples were collected for comparative performance in the experimental plots. Two grazing exclusion cages were used per treatment to estimate accumulation rates kg.ha(-1) DM. The cut material was taken to the laboratory for separation of the botanical components (green leaf, stem and senescent material), weighing and determination of dry matter. The experimental design was the completely randomized with three replicates. There were treatments effects at all seasons for the production of total mass, except in the spring. In summer and spring seasons it was observed the highest values for leaf blades (1.100 kg DM.ha(-1)). In the winter, the highest values of senescent material was observed, as expected. The average accumulation showed no significant difference among the treatments, except for stem and total mass in the summer and stem in the fall. The tillers were heavier and higher values for number of green leaves per tiller occurred in the fall, but for senescent leaves per tiller ocurred in the winter. Swards grazed at heights between 45 and 60 cm of defoliation, had good production of forage mass and leaf constituent.

Fluxo de gases de efeito estufa na implantação de sistema silvipastoril em pastejo com ovinos

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Evaluación del riesgo de introducción de plaga en semilla de pastos Brachiaria brizantha A. Rich y Panicum maximun Jacq de origen Brasil, Nicaragua 2014.

Nicaragua importa semilla de pasto con el objetivo de resolver la baja productividad y calidad del pasto. Las especies Brachiaria brizantha y Panicum maximun, son las semilla de pasto de mayor importación en nuestro país, siendo Brasil el país de donde más importamos. Basados en que existen algunas plagas en Brasil que no existen en Nicaragua, se procedió a realizar un análisis de riesgo de plaga, el cual es una herramienta que permite evaluar la entrada, establecimiento, dispersión y manejo del riesgo de la plaga. Las etapas del análisis de riesgo de plaga; se realizó con la recopilación y análisis de información clave de fuente primaria y secundaria como son la lista de plagas asociadas al cultivo de pasto de Brasil, lista oficial de plagas asociadas al cultivo pasto en Nicaragua, diagnóstico fitosanitario en plantaciones de pasto B. brizantha en Nicaragua y los resultados de laboratorio de las semilla de pasto de origen Brasil que ingresaron por el país en el 2014. Este estudio se realizó en un período de 12 meses de Enero a Diciembre del 2014, en la Región Autónoma del Caribe Sur (RACS), en el municipio de El Rama y dos departamentos Chontales y Rio San Juan en los municipios de La Gateada y San Miguelito respectivamente, ya que son representativos, son las zonas de mayor producción de pasto, y en los doce puesto de cuarentena agropecuaria del territorio nacional, El Guasaule, Puerto Corinto, Aduana Central Aérea, Las Manos, El Espino, Peñas Blancas, Teotecacinte, Aeropuerto Internacional Augusto César Sandino, El Rama, El Bluff, San Carlos y San Juan de Nicaragua, que es donde ingresan las importaciones de semilla de pasto de origen Brasil. El muestreo fue al azar, tanto para el diagnóstico fitosanitario como para las importaciones de semilla de pasto de origen Brasil, tomando muestras para ser analizadas en los laboratorios de herbología, entomología, micología, bacteriología y nematología. El diagnóstico fitosanitario, permitió corroborar la presencia de plagas mencionadas en la lista oficial de plagas asociadas al cultivo pasto en Nicaragua y descartar presencias de plagas cuarentenarias en los pasto de nuestro país. En las semilla de pasto importadas de Brasil, se determino la presencia de plagas de interés cuarentenario como son la maleza Commelina benghalensis y nemátodo de punta blanca Aphelenchoides besseyi. En el análisis de riesgo de plaga, se identificaron siete plagas de interés cuarentenario para la especie B. brizantha y noventa y uno plagas para la especie P. maximun, al evaluar cada plaga por la posibilidad de seguir la vía de entrada, se determinaron dos plagas de importancia cuarentenarias para el área del análisis de riesgo de plagas, como son la maleza Commelina benghalensis L. y nemátodo de punta blanca Aphelenchoides besseyi Ch., ya que son plagas consideradas de alto riesgo fitosanitario debido a la posibilidades de sobrevivir, multiplicarse y diseminarse en el ambiente de Nicaragua una vez introducida en nuevas aéreas establecidas, de acuerdo a la evaluación del riesgo de establecimiento y dispersión; es por eso que en ambas plagas se determinaron las opciones del manejo del riesgo para disminuir a niveles adecuados los riesgo de dichas plagas para nuestro país.

Associação entre caracteres e análise de trilha na seleção de progênies de meios-irmãos de Brachiaria ruziziensis

Associação alta entre peso de massa seca e peso de massa verde pode facilitar a seleção antecipada de genótipos superiores de B. ruziziensis. Objetivou-se neste estudo verificar as associações entre características morfo-agronômicas na seleção de genótipos de B. ruziziensis. O delineamento experimental foi o de blocos completos casualizados com duas repetições. Foram avaliadas as características altura e vigor das plantas, peso de massa verde e porcentagem de matéria seca da planta inteira, do caule e da folha, peso de massa seca da forragem total, de caule, e de folha e, relação entre produtividade de folha e caule de massa verde. As análises consistiram da estimação das correlações simples entre os caracteres e da análise de trilha considerando o peso de massa seca total como variável básica e as demais explicativas. Correlações mais elevadas foram observadas entre peso de massa seca e peso de massa verde, peso seco de caule e peso de massa verde e, peso seco de folhas e peso de massa verde. Pelos coeficientes de trilha, verificou-se que os efeitos diretos das diferentes variáveis explicativas sobre o peso de massa seca foram, em sua maioria, baixos. Os efeitos diretos mais relevantes sobre o peso de massa seca foram verificados via peso de massa verde, peso seco de caule e peso seco de folhas, indicando que o peso de massa verde viabiliza a seleção indireta para peso de massa seca.