967 resultados para Beleza física - Tratamento


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O objetivo deste estudo foi descrever, os hábitos de vida, o estado nutricional, o perfil de crescimento e a aptidão física referenciada à saúde de estudantes das escolas da Rede Pública Municipal de Ensino de Porto Alegre (RS), com intuito de fornecer subsídios para o planejamento de Educação Física e Esportes na Escola. A amostra foi constituída de 1.173 estudantes dos dois sexos com idades entre 7 e 14 anos. Para coleta de informações referente aos hábitos de vida, foi utilizado o Inventário Estilo de Vida na Infância e Adolescência – EVIA (Sobral, 1992) adaptado por Torres e Gaya (1997). O perfil de crescimento foi determinado a partir das medidas de massa corporal e estatura. Para o estado nutricional, foram utilizadas massa corporal, estatura e idade, avaliados através do software PED. Para a aptidão física referenciada à saúde, foram aplicados os testes de corrida/caminhada 9 minutos, "sentar-e-alcançar", abdominal (sit-up’s) e IMC. Para análise dos dados foi utilizado estatística descritiva e inferencial. A primeira através de valores absolutos e percentuais, média, desvio padrão e erro padrão da média; e a segunda, através do Qui- quadrado, teste t independente, teste t para amostra única, ANOVA com tratamento Post-Hoc de Scheffé. Para todas as análises foi adotado o nível de significância de 5%. Os dados foram tratados a partir do programa SPSS 10.0 Os resultados permitem as seguintes considerações gerais: Quanto aos hábitos de vida, nossos alunos apresentam características predominantemente sedentárias; a participação sociocultural, a prática esportiva sistematizada e a dança se consubstanciam num fato incomum. Relativamente às atividades cotidianas, foi possível observar diferenças significativas entre o gênero sexual. Os dados sobre o estado nutricional, demonstram que a maioria dos alunos encontram-se em condições normais (eutróficos). No entanto, há, simultaneamente, um número significativo de crianças e adolescentes com déficit nutricional e com sobrepeso e obesidade. Considerando o perfil de crescimento os estudantes apresentaram em ambos os sexos resultados superiores aos de referência (NCHS). Quanto a aptidão física relacionada à saúde, constata-se carência no seu perfil quanto aos critérios mínimos de boa saúde.

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Analisa com métodos cienciométricos a relação entre algumas características de uma amostra de periódicos de Física e os valores de Fator de Impacto (FI) publicados no Journal Citation Reports (JCR), no período de 1993 a 2000. As características estudadas são: sub-área do conhecimento, evolução temporal, tipo e tamanho do periódico, densidade dos artigos e ritmo de obsolescência da literatura. A amostra foi constituída de modo não aleatório, abrangendo todos os títulos classificados pelo Journal Citation Reports (JCR) como sendo de algumas sub-áreas da Física: Física; Física Aplicada; Física Atômica, Molecular e Química; Física da Matéria Condensada; Física de Fluídos e de Plasmas; Física Matemática; Física Nuclear; Física de Partículas e Campos; Ótica; e, Astronomia e Astrofísica. Ao total analisou-se 376 periódicos. Foi elaborado um banco de dados no programa Statistics Packet for Social Science (SPSS) versão 8.0 para a coleta das informações necessárias para a realização do estudo, bem como para o tratamento estatístico das mesmas. As hipóteses de trabalho foram testadas através da Análise de Variância (ANOVA), do Teste χ2 e da Dupla Análise de Variância por Posto de Friedman. As análises empreendidas resultaram na comprovação das seis hipóteses de trabalho à medida que foi verificado que as variáveis: tipo, tamanho, densidade, ritmo de obsolescência, sub-área e tempo influenciam, umas em maior grau, outras com menor intensidade, os valores de FI. Especificamente, destaca-se que o tamanho e o ritmo de obsolescência são as características dos periódicos que se correlacionam mais fortemente com o FI. A densidade apresentou o menor poder explicativo das diferenças existentes entre o impacto das publicações. O aspecto mais relevante verificado está na existência de associação entre sub-área e FI. As cinco sub-áreas que se distinguem das demais são: a Óptica e a Física Aplicada por apresentarem valores médios baixos de FI; e a Física de Partículas e Campos, a Física Atômica, Molecular e Química e a Física Nuclear devido às médias altas. O estudo conclui que o FI deve ser utilizado somente de modo contextualizado e relativizado.

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Com a ampliação dos sistemas de tratamento de esgotos sanitários, que vem ocorrendo no Brasil, surge um problema para o qual ainda não existem soluções definitivas, a forma de disposição final segura dos Lodos Sanitários, que são os resíduos sólidos advindos deste processo. Nesta pesquisa estuda-se as possibilidades de aproveitamento destes resíduos, após serem submetidos à incineração, na industria da construção, especificamente a sua utilização como adição ao concreto, substituindo parte do cimento Portland. Os aspectos estudados compreendem duas fases experimentais: na primeira, realiza-se uma caracterização química, física, morfológica e ambiental do resíduo, onde constata-se que o material apresenta potencial para ser utilizado como adição ao concreto e que, quanto ao aspecto ambiental é classificado como um resíduo não inerte, no qual também encontra-se compostos patogênicos; na segunda fase, estuda-se as possibilidades de utilização deste resíduo em substituição parcial do cimento, na confecção de concreto, verificando-se os efeitos nas propriedades do concreto fresco e endurecido, bem como a capacidade que este material tem em reter de forma segura o resíduo não inerte. Os resultados mostram que a cinza de Lodo pode ser utilizada como adição ao concreto, com efeito predominante de fíler, em percentuais até 20%, em concretos com relação água/aglomerante entre 0,65 e 1,10 Com a/(c+ad) = 0,65 e 0,80 se tem benefícios ambientais com a utilização desta adição, com a/(c+ad) = 0,95 e 1,10 se tem benefícios econômicos, com a redução do consumo de cimento e técnicos, com a melhoria das propriedades mecânicas dos concretos. Conforme os resultados de solubilização, em amostras de concreto, esta matriz é capaz de reter de forma segura os compostos nocivos presentes no resíduo.

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Esta dissertação fala sobre o corpo. Mais especificamente sobre representações de corpo adolescente feminino produzidas e/ou veiculadas pela revista Capricho. Considerada por mim como um produto da mídia cujas imagens e textos falam às adolescentes deste tempo, analisei todas as edições publicadas nos anos de 2000 e 2001 buscando compreender o que a Capricho ensina às garotas com relação aos seus corpos. Fundamentada no campo teórico dos Estudos Culturais e na História do Corpo, teci minhas análises a partir de três temas: saúde, beleza e moda. Temas esses que emergiram da própria revista uma vez que ela está a falar deles o tempo todo. Decorrente das análises realizadas é possível afirmar que a Capricho, como parte integrante de uma pedagogia cultural, educa as garotas no que respeita à construção de um corpo jovem, moderno e saudável. Um corpo que, ao ser visto, sustenta um look. O look produzido pelas suas páginas e para o qual a garota deve investir diferenciados esforços, seja na aquisição de um jeito atlético e saudável de ser, seja na valorização da magreza e, ainda, na composição de um estilo baseado nos hits da moda.

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A técnica de revestimento duplex combina dois processos: o tratamento de nitretação a plasma da superfície e a deposição de uma camada via PVD. O processo de nitretação a plasma sob condições controladas pode produzir a chamada “fase S” sem a presença de nitretos de cromo, o que confere ao aço tratado maior dureza e melhor resistência à corrosão. Os revestimentos de nitreto de titânio melhoram a dureza superficial do material, porém defeitos e poros podem expor o substrato ao meio. Este trabalho consiste no estudo da resistência à corrosão do aço inoxidável austenítico AISI 316L revestido com camada duplex em meio contendo cloretos. As camadas nitretadas a plasma foram obtidas pelo processo de nitretação iônica e os revestimentos Ti/TiN foram obtidos pelo processo de deposição física de vapor assistida por plasma (PAPVD). Os corpos de prova foram inicialmente avaliados por microscopia eletrônica de varredura (MEV) e a composição das fases foi identificada por difração de raios-x (DRX). A dureza foi avaliada por nanoidentação e a rugosidade superficial também foi medida. Os testes de resistência à corrosão foram feitos por voltametria cíclica (VC) e os ensaios de corrosão acelerada em câmara de névoa salina. A amostra nitretada a 400°C por 4 horas e mistura gasosa de 5%N2- 95%H2 apresentou o melhor desempenho de resistência à corrosão em meio contendo cloretos. A resistência à corrosão foi associada à estrutura obtida após o tratamento por nitretação a plasma e deposição física de vapores (PVD).

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Este trabalho analisa, através do emprego de simulador físico, os efeitos da adição do nióbio no aço SAE 1141 e seu comportamento como refinador de grão e endurecedor por precipitação, nas altas temperaturas de forjamento e tempos de reaquecimento aplicados industrialmente. Analisa também qual a influência das deformações e velocidades de resfriamento sobre o tamanho de grão austenítico, microestrutura, dureza, cinética da precipitação e propriedades finais. Na definição dos parâmetros de simulação foram observadas rotinas de produção de peças forjadas comercialmente, a literatura técnica, e possíveis alterações que otimizassem as propriedades do aço em estudo. Para tanto foram definidas as temperaturas de forjamento 1100, 1200 e 1250°C, a taxa de deformação de 1/s, as deformações de 30, 50 e 70%, e as velocidades de resfriamento de 36, 60, 100 e 150°C/min. Os resultados indicaram que a velocidade de resfriamento tem papel preponderante na microestrutura final, que variou de um agregado de ferrita e perlita para bainita (às vezes com alguma martensita) a medida em que a velocidade de resfriamento aumenta. A simulação térmica indicou que tamanho de grão austenítico aumenta a medida em que se eleva a temperatura de reaquecimento e que existe apenas um pequeno efeito ancorador de grão do nióbio nesse quesito, quando não estiver presente alguma deformação Foi observado, através da simulação física que, com a presença de deformação, principalmente para as temperaturas menores de reaquecimento, a precipitação induzida por deformação parece ancorar o crescimento dos grãos recristalizados, resultando num tamanho de grão austenítico menor. Esse trabalho constitui parte integrante do projeto de desenvolvimento da tecnologia dos aços microligados, num esforço conjunto do Laboratório de Metalurgia Física – LAMEF, através do Grupo de Desenvolvimento de Aços Microligados, da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, em parceria com a Aços Finos Piratini e DANA – Albarus, com o apoio da CAPES.

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Thin commercial aluminum electrolytic and passed through reactions was obtained with anodic alumina membranes nanopores. These materials have applications in areas recognized electronic, biomedical, chemical and biological weapons, especially in obtaining nanostructures using these membranes as a substrate or template for processing nanowires, nanodots and nanofibers for applications noble. Previous studies showed that the membranes that have undergone heat treatment temperature to 1300° C underwent changes in morphology, crystal structure and optical properties. This aim, this thesis, a study of the heat treatment of porous anodic alumina membranes, in order to obtain and to characterize the behavior changes structures during the crystallization process of the membranes, at temperatures ranging between 300 and 1700° C. It was therefore necessary to mount a system formed by a tubular furnace resistive alumina tube and controlled environment, applying flux with special blend of Ag-87% and 13% N2, in which argon had the role of carrying out the oxygen nitrogen system and induce the closing of the pores during the densification of the membrane. The duration of heat treatment ranged from 60 to 15 minutes, at temperatures from 300 to 1700° C respectively. With the heat treatment occurred: a drastic reduction of porosity, grain growth and increased translucency of the membrane. For the characterization of the membranes were analyzed properties: Physical - thermogravimetric, X-ray diffraction, BET surface area; morphological - SEM, EDS through compositional and, optical absorbance, and transmittance in the UV-VIS, and FTIR. The results using the SEM showed that crystallization has occurred, densification and significant changes in membrane structure, as well as obtaining microtube, the BET analysis showed a decrease in specific surface area of the membranes has to 44.381 m2.g-1 to less than 1.8 m2.g-1 and in the analysis of transmittance and absorbance was found a value of 16.5% in the range of 800 nm, characteristic of the near infrared and FTIR have confirmed the molecular groups of the material. Thus, one can say that the membranes were mixed characteristics and properties which qualify for use in gas filtration system, as well as applications in the range of optical wavelength of the infra-red, and as a substrate of nanomaterials. This requires the continuation and deepening of additional study

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Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the health care of HIV/AIDS Reference Center for treatment of AIDS in Natal/RN for professionals and service users. Methods: This is an evaluative study with a quantitative approach, performed in the outpatient Giselda Trigueiro Hospital, in Natal (RN). The target population consisted of 313 patients with HIV and 34 professionals of the center. Data collection occurred from august 2007 to july 2008, with a structured form of interview, validated through a pilot study. The data were analyzed by descriptive and inferential statistics. Results: The evaluation of the service was considered unsatisfactory by 85.6% users. However, 58.8% of professionals considered it satisfactory. There was difference in the evaluation of the following indicators: the relationship professional users, offering support, timeliness of professional guidelines on the treatment. There was similarity in the following indicators: physical structure, respect for privacy, opportunity to make complaints, hospitality, convenience of schedules, availability of ARVs and laboratory tests, and ease of access. Conclusion: The results point to dissatisfaction of the users and professional satisfaction with the health care of people with HIV / AIDS in the service searched. It was found that the indicators used in this study may be considered relevant to evaluate the service in question, as well as monitoringparameters provide acceptable quality of health care by the National STD/AIDS

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For the development of this research the following general objective has been formulated, indicator of the process of inquiry: To discuss the relation between the attitudinal and the sportive contents presented in the proposal of Curricular Lines for the Physical Education of Young and Adults in Brazil. According to the corporeity and the ludicity, questioning the formation of the professional of Physical Education and delineating the perspective for a sport andragogy that values the Being and the Life. From this general objective, the following objectives, which had given greater specificity to the investigative process, were defined: 1. To create the theoretical context from the corporeity/ludicity axis, articulating transversally sportive knowledge, aiming to contribute for a sport Andragogy; 2. To analyze the objectives proposed for the Physical Education of Young and Adults according to an elaborated theoretical reference and to the testimonies of the egresses of 2005 of the Physical Education course of the UFRN. 3. To interpret the relation between attitudinal and educative content from the academic reality lived by the egresses of the Physical Education course of the UFRN. 4. To understand the most urgent necessities of sustained formation of the egresses of 2005 for satisfactory performance with the Physical Education of Young and Adults. 5. To propose perspectives for the construction of a sport Andragogy from the corporeity/ludicity axis. In attendance to the nature of this research and as form of guiding ourselves in this epistemological adventure, the following ones had been basically and theoretically estimated. 1. Corporeity is a radiant focus, prime and main of educational criteria; 2. The task of the education must be carried through with men and not for men; 3. Man must only play with the beauty and with the beauty he only must play. ; 4. The sportive education must be based on esthetic and fair play. The adopted research approach is of a qualitative nature, using the interview procedure with a group consisting of twelve egresses of the Physical Education Course of the UFRN of the year of 2005.2 After the discussion of the results on the attitudinal objectives and content for the Physical Education for Adults and Young, the study shows nine themes presented by the investigated group as priorities for their sustained formation, aiming at the performance of the professional of Physical Education with the EJA: inclusive experiences; leisure and quality of life; relationships; body and personal care; social values; self esteem; sportive phenomenon; EJA training; attitudinal contents. As a contribution to the construction of knowledge for a Andragogy of Sports, the study presents a metaphorical structure called Galaxy of Knowledge righteous Glamor of integrating nine elements inspired by the Ode to the Sport of Pierre de Coubertin: life, beauty, justice, daring, honesty, joy; Fertility; progress; peace. At the heart of the structure of knowledge is righteous install a system that articulates five principles ludopoiético epistemological function of connecting with the righteous knowledge of the sport that must integrate the content attitudinal proposed for Fitness for Youth and Adults in order to facilitate the realization of their objectives proposed for this method of teaching

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The purpose of this work is to approach and understand the Social Representations (SR) (MOSCOVICI, 2003) about Physics and Chemistry from people who are major in these courses, as well as their Social Representations about teaching . We took as principle that approaching these representations it would be possible to relate their symbolic contents, in order to show how people who are following the first segments of bachelor degree courses in Physics and Chemistry become teachers, taking into account a psychosocial view. Two source of data was used during this research: Free-association Technique FA (ABRIC, 1994); and Multiple Classification Procedure (MCP) (ROAZZI, 1995). The analytical treatment of the collected data from FA was done according to the proposition of Grize, Vergés and Silem (1987 apud ABRIC, 1994, p. 66). MCP data were analyzed through MSA (Multidimensional Scalogram Analysis) and SSA (Singular Spectrum Analysis) methods associated with the Facet Theory (BILSKY, 2003). The discourses of MCP discussing groups at the moment of explanations were studied by Content Analysis as it was proposed by Bardin (1977) and Franco (2005). Indicative of an approach to the relations with knowledge (CHARLOT, 2000), the connections which aroused from the analyses showed that the group of future majors in Physics thought that this scientific field was based on a rationalist conception, influencing the idealization sense of the phenomena to be explained by Physics. Thus, Physics as school content started to require the student of the fundamental and high school to think abstractly as a cognitive skill of learning. The identifying elements observed in the relations between SR about Physics and Teaching aroused from the antagonism between future majors and their teacher, as well as from the speculation between their fundamental and high school students and themselves, mainly when they had to face the act of teaching due to the obstacles imposed by the own educational system, and by the weakness of the initial preparation. The group of future majors in Chemistry, through its discourses, showed these relations when they conceived empiricist Chemistry and said that teaching was the way of transmission of this knowledge, and didactics of Chemistry teaching was the direction to learning through pedagogic methods in order to lead the students to discoveries. The psychosocial contents which were built and showed from the symbolic relations in the studied SR achieved the relation of identity. This relation revealed identifying elements for these people, resulting from the traffic between their condition as students of Chemistry, and as teachers regarding their work, what placed the current relational contents in the teaching space, named as Knowledge changing and Adaptability . In order to study emerging questions in the discussing environment about formation and teaching professionalization, we focused the psychosocial view on this traffic and managed to observe epistemological practical and pedagogic obstacles that limited a configuration of the teaching work as a professional activity, especially from the particular conditions which led the relations of senses to Physics , Chemistry and Teaching ; and Chemistry and Physics as it was seen in this research. Generally speaking, we noted that these obstacles can denounce such obstacles concerning to the pedagogic doings which mainly impair the learning process of fundamental and high school students

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Since the enactment of LDBEN 9.9394/96, Physical Education began to be understood as a curricular component in school. Thus, we see the need for systematization of content. We observed that the physical education classes at the public schools in Natal/RN from the game content, teachers did not use the existing proposals for systematization. And it was on this reality that the study occurred, aiming to present and discuss a proposal to systematization the game content in physical education classes in elementary and secondary education. Accordingly, we departed of following question: What possibilities of systematization of the game content in school physical education classes?. The methodology used was the action research, which allowed us to structure the intervention plan for the game content, directed to a reflective didactic process. The dialogue with action research provided an opportunity to understand of the proposal of systematization, the knowledge of game content, the planning and process of teaching and learning in physical education lessons developed. We use the proposed systematization the book Educação Física Escolar e Organização Curricular , to direct and organize the lesson plans. As research technique, we use the participant observation, filming, photographic records and field diary, guiding us in the debates and discussions about the field of research. The applications of the lesson plans were carried out in three schools, all located in Natal / RN: Escola Municipal Professora Ivonete Maciel, Escola Municipal Professor Ulisses de Góis e Professor Escola Estadual Josino Macedo. The members of this study were students PIBID-EF-UFRN, teachers, supervisors and school. They made the bridge between research and action, theoretical foundation and pedagogical practice, university and school. The results were advanced for beyond the propositions submitted by the above-mentioned book. For the Elementary School 1, the proposed systematization broadened experiences and learning of knowledge of the game and of playful and body manifestations. Provided an opportunity to know and learn about game of make account, rules, popular games, cooperative games, among others. For Elementary Schools 2 and Middle education, systematized lessons allowed the practical, the incorporation of knowledge of the game and its features: such as rules, origin, meaning of the name, different denominations, among others. The students experienced and learned, popular games, pre-sport games, cooperative games, with recycled material, among others. The treatment from three dimensions of contents: procedural, conceptual and attitudinal, occurred parallel to approach the game content, and in conjunction with our interventions, not being done separately during practice, but an ongoing process during class. This new perspective of work the game, in a systematized way, with applying, description and discussion the activities, allowed elaborate a summary framework of thematizations for game content, by year of teaching

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Some fibrous materials, for having properties such as biocompatibility, strength and flexibility, are of great interest for medical and pharmaceutical applications. Among these materials, the fabric made from polylactic acid (PLA) has received special attention, and beside to present these features, is derived from biological source, antimicrobial and bioabsorbable. One of the limitations of PLA is its low wettability and capillarity. Due to this, it is necessary to perform surface modification of the knitted fabric, increasing its hydrophilicity. This work aims to realize the plasma treatment at low pressure in order to increase the surface energy of the polymer. The work was divided into three steps: i) Influence of the gas ratio (oxygen and nitrogen) in the surface modification of PLA fabric after the plasma treatment, ii) physical characterization and physicochemical surface tissue; iii) Evaluation of the effect from current and gas ratio in the capillary rise of tissues and iv) Study of capillarity in yarns and fabrics. The results showed that better gas ratios were the atmospheres: 100% oxygen; 100% nitrogen and 50% oxygen and 50% nitrogen. The surface characterization showed changes in topography and introduction of polar groups which increased the wettability of the fabric. In another part of this study, it was found that the atmosphere containing only nitrogen gas showed the most capillary rise to a current of 0.15 A. The results in capillary yarns and fabrics showed that the thread reached equilibrium in a time much less than the fabric to an atmosphere of 100% nitrogen and 0.15 A. Current Plasma technology was effective to increase the hydrophilicity of PLA fabric, providing surface characteristics favorable for future application in the biomedical field

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This study has as its aim the elaboration, presentation and application of a proposal which makes possible an inter-disciplinary relationship between knowledge of physics and geography in the graduation course for forming geography teachers in the Dom Aureliano Matos Faculty of Philosophy in the city of Limoeiro do Norte in the State of Ceára. Initially, we observe in pertinent literature and opinions of specialists what capacities and abilities are suggested for a future teacher of geography. Following that, we select subject matter which broaches upon physic concepts and may be contextualized within topics present in the daily fare of a geography teacher, such as natural phenomena related principally to natural environment and climate, envolving astronomic features, using didactic materials and resources in easily understood language and without the excessive presence of mathematical formulas. An evaluation of the experience allows us to affirm that inter-disciplinary treatment, as an important alternative for curriculam organization, when applied in the classroom shows that there is better learning, a reduction in class evasion and a significant fall in failures when compared with traditional proposals for the teaching of physics in relation to geography. On the other hand, it is notable that to maintain and augment such measures it is a challenge to be met, with the purpose that students of other courses may perceive that physic concepts have much to do with their reality, and that understanding them is relevant for their professional and personal formation

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Physical Education establishes relations about sex-gender-sexuality by its programs. Thinking approaches among gender and sexuality questions from scholar Physical Education is a productive challenge. Inspired in post-structuralism studies, we problematized dialogues among body, gender, identity and body movement culture. Bodily our sports practices educate citizens beyond their performances, health and beauty. Their "truths" produce gender and sexuality brands in a culture process of branding differences. Cultural events are related in binary categories as good-bad, beautiful-ugly, thin-fat, similar-different, normal-unnatural, man-women, heterosexual-homosexual, that don't let to observe the multiplicity of people educate. We must to understand the pedagogical speeches about bodies as constituents of their own bloods.