Electrodialytic remediation of two types of air pollution control residues and their applicability in construction materials

Dissertação para obtenção do Grau de Mestre em Engenharia do Ambiente Perfil de Engenharia de Sistemas Ambientais

Natural hydraulic lime mortars with ceramic residues for masonry

9th International Masonry Conference 2014, 7-9 July, Universidade do Minho, Guimarães

Characterization of mortars with ceramic residues

XIII DBMC – 12th International Conference on Durability of Building Materials and Components,2-5 September 2014, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil

Crystallographic studies of proteins involved in the mRNA localization mechanisms in Drosophila melanogaster and amidation of the peptidoglycan residues in Staphylococcus aureus

Part of the work described in this chapter, was the subject of the following publication: D. Vieira, T. a. Figueiredo, A. Verma, R. G. Sobral, A. M. Ludovice, H. de Lencastre, and J. Trincao, “Purification, crystallization and preliminary X-ray diffraction analysis of GatD, a glutamine amidotransferase-like protein from Staphylococcus aureus peptidoglycan,” Acta Crystallogr. Sect. F Struct. Biol. Commun., vol. 70, no. 5, pp. 1–4, Apr. 2014.

Evaluation of neuroprotective effects of natural extracts obtained from portuguese agro-food residues

Countries are currently faced with problems derived from changes in lifespan and an increase in lifestyle-related diseases. Neurodegenerative disorders such Parkinson’s (PD) and Alzheimer’s (AD) diseases are an increasing problem in aged societies. Data from World Alzheimer Report 2011 indicate that 36 million people worldwide are living with dementia. Oxidative stress has been associated with the development of AD and PD. Therefore there is interest to search for effective compounds or therapies to combat the oxidative damage in these diseases. Current evidence strongly supports a contribution of phenolic compounds present in fruits and vegetables to the prevention of neurodegenerative diseases such AD and PD. The industrial processing of a wide variety of fruits results in the accumulation of by-products without commercial value. Opuntia ficus-indica (cactus pear) is consumed fresh and processed like in juice. Prunnus avium (sweet cherry) is consumed fresh but the organoleptics characteristics of the fruits leads to the smaller and ragged fruits have no commercial value. Fruit extracts of both species has described to be rich in phenolic compounds and to have high antioxidant activities due to its composition. The aim of this work was assessing the efficacy of O. ficus-indica and P. avium by-products extracts obtained with conventional solvent extraction and pressurized liquid extraction in a neurodegeneration cell model. All extracts have protected neuroblastoma cells from H2O2-induced death at low, non-toxic levels, which approach to physiologically-relevant serum concentration. However, cherry extract has a slighter neuroprotective activity. The protective effect of Opuntia extracts are not conducted by a direct antioxidant activity since there are not decreases in intracellular ROS levels in cell treated with extracts and challenged with H2O2, while cherry extract neuroprotection seems to be due to a direct scavenging activity. Extracts from different biological matrixes seems to protect neuronal cells trough different cellular mechanisms.

Can a lemon based Sagres product attract consumers that don't drink beer?

The purpose of this project is to understand if the brand Sagres is damaging the product Sagres Radler. The beer market in Portugal was studied and focus groups were used to perceive the impact of the brand in the product. The mother brand is bringing the beer association into a product designed to engage people that don’t like beer. With the insights, a new proposal was drawn and tested. Although it was not possible to prove that the new concept is better for the population, there are strong indications that the brand isn’t enabling the achievement of the proposed target.

Effects of residues on the degradation of PHA produced from mixed microbial cultures and processed in extrusion

Thermal degradation upon melting is one of the major drawbacks reported for polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA). However, the role of residues originating from the fermentation and the extraction steps on the thermal stability of this class of biopolymers still needs to be clarified. In the particular case of PHA produced from mixed microbial cultures (MMC), this topic is even less documented in the literature. Here, two polyhydroxy(butyrate-co-valerate) (PHBV) produced from MMC enriched in PHA accumulating organisms and fed with cheese whey were studied. A micro extrusion line is used to produce filaments and assess the processability and the degradation of processed PHBV. The prototype micro extrusion line allows for studying grams of materials. The two PHBV contain 18 mol% HV. PHBV was recovered with 11 wt% residues, and further submitted to a purification procedure resulting in a second biopolyester containing less than 2 wt% impurities. The thermorheological characterization of the two PHBV is first presented, together with their semicrystalline properties. Then the processing windows of the two biopolyesters are presented. Finally, the properties of extruded filaments are reported and the thermomechanical degradation of PHBV is extensively studied. The structure was assessed by wide angle X-ray diffraction, mechanical and rheological properties are reported, thermal properties are studied with differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetric analysis, whereas Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy was used to assess the impact of the extrusion on PHBV chemical structure. All results obtained with the two PHBV are compared to assess the effects of residues on both PHBV processability and degradation.

By-products of beer fermentation

Among the most important factors influencing beer quality is the presence of well-adjusted amounts of higher alcohols and esters; as well as the successful reduction of undesirable by-products such as diacetyl. While higher alcohols and esters contribute rather positively to the beer aroma, diacetyl is mostly unwelcome for beer types with lighter taste. Thus, the complex metabolic pathways in yeast responsible for the synthesis of both pleasant and unpleasant by-products of fermentation were given special attention in this last chapter.

Effects of fermentation residues on the melt processability and thermomechanical degradation of PHBV produced from cheese whey using mixed microbial cultures

"Available online 28 March 2016"

Factores tecnológicos que inciden sobre la residualidad de plaguicidas en granos de soja. Technological factors affecting pesticide residues in soybean grains.

La producción de los cultivos está afectada por factores bióticos entre los que se destacan las enfermedades, malezas y plagas, por esto es de importancia el uso de plaguicidas que permitan mantener la producción. Sin embargo, estos productos constituyen un serio riesgo para la salud si no se aplican adecuadamente a fin de no dejar residuos en los granos. La introducción de marcos regulatorios cada vez más estrictos constituyen una barrera para las exportaciones actuales y futuras. El sistema agrícola-industrial argentino no cuenta aún con suficiente información para implementar las medidas adecuadas para prevenir la contaminación de granos con plaguicidas en pre y postcosecha. Se hipotetiza que la residualidad de plaguicidas en granos de soja en la Región Centro de Córdoba está influenciada por factores tanto tecnológicos como ambientales. La evaluación de la importancia relativa de estos factores permite sugerir estrategias de manejo adecuadas para asegurar niveles de residuos por debajo de los límites máximos permitidos. Se plantea como objetivo general identificar los factores tecnológicos (tecnología del cultivo, propiedades fisico-químicas de los plaguicidas, tecnología de aplicación) y sus interacciones, que inciden a campo y en postcosecha sobre el nivel de residuos de insecticidas en granos de soja, en la Región Centro de Córdoba. Como objetivos específicos se pretende cuantificar los residuos que generan las aplicaciones habituales de insecticidas, evaluar la influencia de los diferentes factores tecnológicos y sus interacciones sobre los niveles de residuos y adecuar curvas de disipación de plaguicidas a las condiciones de la región. También aportar conocimientos e información sobre el tema y sugerir prácticas de manejo que reduzcan los niveles de residuos, asegurando la calidad e inocuidad de los alimentos. Para el logro de estos objetivos se realizarán ensayos de evaluación de insecticidas a campo y en postcosecha en la localidad de Manfredi, Provincia de Córdoba, durante dos temporadas agrícolas. Se evaluarán distintas dosis y momentos de aplicación de los insecticidas endosulfán, clorpirifós+cipermetrina y fenitrotión en los ensayos a campo y fenitrotión, esfenvalerato, clorpirifós, deltametrina, DDVP y pirimifós metil en postcosecha. Con endosulfan se realizarán ensayos adecuados para el desarrollo de curvas de disipación. La determinación de residuos de plaguicidas se realizará utilizando determinación de multiresiduos a través cromatografía. Las curvas de disipación para endosulfan se ajustarán a través de modelos no lineales. Los conocimientos e información respecto a la influencia de los factores tecnológicos y sus interacciones sobre el nivel de residuos de plaguicidas en granos de soja, generados como resultados del presente proyecto, serán de utilidad para enriquecer las bases científico-técnicas en el tema y enfrentar el problema de la contaminación de granos con plaguicidas. Identificar la influencia de los factores tecnológicos y sus interacciones permitirá desarrollar prácticas de manejo tendientes a obtener productos con un nivel de residuos por debajo de los límites permitidos. La adecuación de curvas de disipación de plaguicidas a la Región Centro de Córdoba, permitirá efectuar predicciones sobre el contenido de residuos a causa de un tratamiento en un momento dado, conocer la importancia de las distintas variables y la posibilidad de variarlas para disminuir el nivel de residuos en los granos. Es importante profundizar sobre este tema ya que no existe la cantidad de información suficiente para enfrentar el problema de la contaminación por plaguicidas en nuestros sistemas productivos. Esta información es necesaria para poder garantizar la calidad e inocuidad de los alimentos tanto para el comercio interno como externo, asegurando la permanencia de los productos argentinos en los mercados internacionales.

Disposición plasmática y residuos tisulares de marbofloxacina en truchas arco iris (oncorhynchus mykiss) en condiciones estivales e invernales. Plasmatic disposition and tissue residues of marbofloxacin in rainbow trouts (oncorhynchus mykiss) in summer and winter conditions

Los sistemas intensivos de producción, predisponen en los peces a la presentación de diversas enfermedades, lo que demanda el empleo de antimicrobianos para mantener la salud de los lotes de cultivo. En tal sentido es importante contar con información local en cuanto al comportamiento cinético a los efectos de determinar una adecuada dosificación de los antimicrobianos empleados y con esta información, establecer los periodos de resguardo necesarios para evitar la presencia violativa de estos fármacos en el animal destinado a consumo humano. En el presente proyecto se propone efectuar un estudio farmacocinético de concentraciones plasmáticas y tisulares alcanzadas y establecer los periodos de resguardo para marbofloxacina, antimicrobiano del cual no se tienen antecedentes regionales en cuanto a su disposición a diferentes temperaturas como las que condicionan las estaciones de verano e invierno, de marcada variación en la provincia, modificando la actividad metabólica de los peces. La concreción de este proyecto permitirá entregar conocimientos concretos y de aplicación directa en la cría intensiva de la trucha arco iris (Oncorhynchus mykiss) en diferentes condiciones ambientales, al contarse con la información necesaria para una adecuada dosificación y periodos de resguardo necesarios para evitar el residuo de este fármaco. Además, permitirá consolidar una línea de investigación dentro de la acuicultura muy poco desarrollada actualmente en el país. Intensive production systems predispose fishes to diverse diseases, which demands antimicrobial use for health maintenance in the lots of culture. In such sense it is important to have local information of the kinetic behavior to determine a suitable dosing of the antimicrobials employed, and on this information, to establish withdrawal periods to avoid the violative presence of these drugs in animals for human consumption. The present project will carry out a pharmacokinetic study of plasmatic and tissue concentrations to establish the withdrawal period for marbofloxacin, being known that temperature, modify the metabolic activity of the fish, and there are no local antecedents of disposition at different temperatures in summer and winter for this antimicrobial. The concretion of this project will allow to give concrete knowledge of direct application in intensive production of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), in different environmental conditions, counting with the necessary information for a suitable dosification and withdrawal periods to avoid residues of this drug. In addition, it will allow to consolidate an investigation line in acuiculture, not much developed in our country.