Eficiência energética em uma indústria madeireira

In wood processing industries, which use electrical equipment in the production process, in most cases these are badly scaled or operate under inadequate conditions, resulting directly in industrial energy efficiency, which proves important because besides having technological innovation, also with practices and policies, aims to decrease power consumption. So in a wiring project should take into account the variables that influence energy efficiency. Thus this work has been reviewed and subsequently calculated some of these variables, such as active power, power factor and demand for the entire industry (global) and also for specific equipment, the chipper. The network analysis was performed in a wood processing industry in the city of Taquarivaí - SP, and evaluated these variables with a network analyzer and also by analysis on energy bills, which were found in both analysis levels below those found in literature. These factors are due to poor design, improper use, storage of equipment or even by characteristic of the production process, ie, the equipment running on empty because of the volatility of production

Ethanol Production from Hardboard Manufacturing Process Wastewater: Methods for Improving Product Yields from Hemicellulose Hydrolysates

Waste effluents from the forest products industry are sources of lignocellulosic biomass that can be converted to ethanol by yeast after pretreatment. However, the challenge of improving ethanol yields from a mixed pentose and hexose fermentation of a potentially inhibitory hydrolysate still remains. Hardboard manufacturing process wastewater (HPW) was evaluated at a potential feedstream for lignocellulosic ethanol production by native xylose-fermenting yeast. After screening of xylose-fermenting yeasts, Scheffersomyces stipitis CBS 6054 was selected as the ideal organism for conversion of the HPW hydrolysate material. The individual and synergistic effects of inhibitory compounds present in the hydrolysate were evaluated using response surface methodology. It was concluded that organic acids have an additive negative effect on fermentations. Fermentation conditions were also optimized in terms of aeration and pH. Methods for improving productivity and achieving higher ethanol yields were investigated. Adaptation to the conditions present in the hydrolysate through repeated cell sub-culturing was used. The objectives of this present study were to adapt S. stipitis CBS6054 to a dilute-acid pretreated lignocellulosic containing waste stream; compare the physiological, metabolic, and proteomic profiles of the adapted strain to its parent; quantify changes in protein expression/regulation, metabolite abundance, and enzyme activity; and determine the biochemical and molecular mechanism of adaptation. The adapted culture showed improvement in both substrate utilization and ethanol yields compared to the unadapted parent strain. The adapted strain also represented a growth phenotype compared to its unadapted parent based on its physiological and proteomic profiles. Several potential targets that could be responsible for strain improvement were identified. These targets could have implications for metabolic engineering of strains for improved ethanol production from lignocellulosic feedstocks. Although this work focuses specifically on the conversion of HPW to ethanol, the methods developed can be used for any feedstock/product systems that employ a microbial conversion step. The benefit of this research is that the organisms will the optimized for a company's specific system.

Introducción de las plataformas tecnológicas 2.0 y la innovación abierta en la estrategia empresarial: estudio del sector de componentes electrónicos

Este proyecto se encuadra dentro de los estudios de impacto que están produciendo en las empresas el desarrollo e incorporación de las nuevas tecnologías, y más concretamente la implantación de las aplicaciones provenientes de la denominada web 2.0. Se conoce con este nombre a las herramientas web que permiten una comunicación bidireccional, es decir, el usuario y la empresa pueden intercambiar opiniones, de manera que el usuario adquiere un nuevo papel más protagonista, presentando ideas, aclaraciones, gustos, críticas...que son tenidas en cuenta por la empresa para realizar su actividad. De esta manera se ha roto con el modelo anterior donde el usuario solo podía consultar la información de una página web, era simple receptor de la información. El objetivo de este estudio es conocer cómo las empresas están incorporando estas tecnologías 2.0 a su estrategia empresarial, y cómo términos como innovación abierta o co-creación están tomando mayor importancia en el entorno empresarial gracias a estas nuevas tecnologías. Si bien existen estudios a nivel de consultoría que generalmente aportan información sobre cuáles son las plataformas 2.0 más utilizadas en el mundo empresarial, no se han encontrado hasta ahora estudios que vinculen estas plataformas entre ellas y con la estructura empresarial, para poder definir un perfil de la organización que trabaja con ellas o el nivel de madurez de la incorporación de estas tecnologías en las organizaciones. Analizar cualitativamente estos aspectos, significa estudiar los nuevos conceptos incorporados a las tecnologías 2.0 en la empresa. Un análisis cuantitativo nos llevaría a estudiar de manera práctica que tipo de recursos y en qué cantidad se están utilizando y su vinculación con la estructura de la organización. Para ello: En una primera parte, nos centraremos en las diferentes formas en las que se puede acceder a Internet, y a continuación enfocaremos el estudio en los dispositivos móviles que nos permiten la conexión desde cualquier lugar y en cualquier instante. Con esto conseguiremos tener una situación actual del mercado de las TIC y veremos cómo las empresas han ido construyendo nuevas políticas para cambiar su estrategia con el fin de estar presentes en los nuevos dispositivos móviles y no perder cuota de mercado. Tras ello, veremos porqué conceptos como el de innovación abierta y proceso de co-creación han sido posibles gracias a la implantación de las tecnologías 2.0 en el ámbito empresarial, facilitando que la empresa y el usuario final cooperen y vayan de la mano en una misma dirección; la empresa se surte de las aportaciones que los usuarios ofrecen, y por otra parte el usuario se siente valorado por la empresa para conseguir la meta final. Es aquí donde comprobaremos la transformación que ha sufrido la empresa en sus distintos sectores departamentales (marketing, ventas, recursos humanos y atención al cliente) como consecuencia de la incorporación de las herramientas 2.0 al mundo laboral. Por todo ello, se enumerarán los distintos usos que realizan las empresas de las redes social más habituales, y además se describirán las principales herramientas y/o aplicaciones para monitorizar las redes sociales que servirán a la empresa para hacer un seguimiento de las mismas. La segunda parte del proyecto será un caso práctico y servirá para ofrecer una visión más real del estado actual de las empresas y su relación con las redes sociales. Para la recopilación de los datos se han escogido las empresas que pertenecen al sector de la “Fabricación de productos informáticos, electrónicos y ópticos”. En cuento a las redes sociales elegidas, han sido Facebook y Twitter. Este estudio práctico nos hará entender mejor el impacto directo que tienen las redes sociales en la actividad diaria de las empresas. Finalmente se realizarán una serie de consideraciones a modo de directrices que servirán para tratar de entender cómo se están utilizando las redes sociales en el entorno empresarial y cuál puede ser la manera más óptima de utilizarlas según el estudio presentado. ABSTRACT. This project is part of the impact studies arisen in companies by the development and incorporation of new technologies and, specifically, by the implementation of applications from the so-called web 2.0. That is how we call the web tools that allow bidirectional communication, this is, user and company can exchange opinions, in such a way that users acquire a leading role, submitting ideas, explanations, preferences, criticism... considered by the company when performing its activities. This way, we have broken with the previous model, where users could only check information from a web page and were simple information recipients. The objective of this study is to get to know how companies are incorporating these technologies 2.0 to their business strategy and how terms such as open innovation or co-creation are becoming more important in the business sphere thanks to these new technologies. Even if there are consulting studies that generally provide information about which are the platforms 2.0 more used in the business world, no studies have been found until now that link such platforms among them and with the business structure, in order to define a profile of the organization that works with them or the level of development of the incorporation of these technologies in the organizations. A qualitative analysis of these aspects involves studying the new concepts incorporated to technologies 2.0 by companies. A qualitative analysis would lead us to study in a practical manner what kind of resources and what amount are being used and their relation with the organization structure. Therefore: First, we will focus on the different ways to gain access to the Internet and, afterwards, we will focus the study on mobile devices that allow us to be connected everywhere any time. This way, we will manage to obtain a present situation of the ICT market and we will see how companies have constructed new policies to change their strategy in order to be present in the new mobile devices without losing their market share. Later, we will review why concepts such as open innovation and co-creation process have been possible thanks to the implementation of technologies 2.0 in the business environment, facilitating that companies and final users cooperate and walk hand in hand in the same direction; companies stock up on the contributions offered by users and, on the other hand, users feel appreciated by companies in the achievement of the final goal. Here we will confirm the transformation suffering by companies in different department sectors (marketing, sales, human resources and customer service) as a result of the incorporation of tools 2.0 to the work environment. Therefore, we will enumerate the different uses that companies make of the most common social networks, describing the main tools and/or applications to monitor social networks used by companies to follow them up. The second part of the project will be a case study to offer a more real vision of the present status of companies and their relation with social networks. To collect the data, we have selected companies from the “Manufacture of computer, electronic and optical products” industry. The social networks chosen are Facebook and Twitter. This case study will help us to get a better understanding of the direct impact of social networks in companies’ daily activity. Finally, we will offer a series of considerations and guidelines to try to understand how are social networks being used in the business environment and what can be the most suitable manner to use them according to this study.

EPA Office of Compliance Sector Notebook Project.

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"Errata": 1 leaf inserted.

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