78 resultados para Azomethine ylides


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Thèse numérisée par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal

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Mémoire numérisé par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal

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Les matériaux conjugués sont de nos jours très utilisés dans de nombreuses applications ainsi qu’en recherche. L’enchainement des liaisons π-σ-π permet la délocalisation des électrons et d’obtenir différentes propriétés comme la conduction, la fluorescence, la chélation, etc. Ainsi, de nombreux dispositifs utilisent ces caractéristiques en vue d’obtenir de nouveaux matériaux révolutionnaires comme les cellules solaires, les transistors à effet de champs, les dispositifs électrochromiques, etc.. Les dispositifs électrochromiques font partie des dispositifs en vogue. Ils sont capables de changer de couleur selon le potentiel électrique appliqué. Ils se distinguent par la simplicité du mode de conception et ils ne nécessitent pas de fonctionner dans des conditions drastiques comme une atmosphère contrôlée. Ces dispositifs sont actuellement utilisés et commercialisés comme fenêtre intelligente, camouflage, papier électronique et carte de visite personnalisée pour n’en nommer que quelques-uns. Deux propriétés sont essentielles pour que des composés puissent être utilisés dans ces familles de dispositifs : la réversibilité à l’oxydation et la stabilité à l’air et à la lumière. Dans le groupe de recherche du professeur W.G. Skene, l’axe principal de recherche est basé sur la conception de nouveaux matériaux conducteurs comportant des liaisons azométhines. Les principaux matériaux étudiés sont des dérivés de thiophènes et de fluorènes. De précédents résultats ont montré que plusieurs produits issus de la réaction de condensation entre les dérivés du 2,5-diaminothiophène et de thiophènes diformylés menaient à des produits possédant d’excellentes propriétés photophysiques et électrochimiques. C’est en partant de ces résultats encourageants qu’il a été choisi de synthétiser une nouvelle famille de produits avec un nouveau substrat fonctionnalisé. Ce dernier possède d’excellentes propriétés électrochimiques et photophysiques : la triphénylamine. Deux familles de produits ont été synthétisées qui possèdent toutes comme cœur une triphénylamine. Cette dernière a été modifiée de façon à créer une, deux ou trois liaisons azométhines avec différents thiophènes. Deux dérivés du thiophène ont été choisis afin d’étudier l’influence des groupements donneurs et accepteurs sur ces nouveaux types de composés encore jamais étudiés. Les résultats des différentes synthèses et analyses ont été effectués par RMN, spectrométrie de masse, spectrométrie d’absorbance UV-Visible, fluorescence et voltampérométrie cyclique sont rapportées dans le présent recueil.

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La thèse est divisée en deux parties, soit le texte principal et les annexes afin d'alléger la taille des documents.

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De nouvelles molécules électrochromes à base de thiophène et comportant des liaisons azométhine ont été synthétisées et caractérisées afin d’étudier les relations entre leur structure et leurs propriétés. Le but premier de cette étude a été d’obtenir plus d’information pouvant guider le développement de nouvelles molécules électrochromes performantes à l’aide d’une meilleure compréhension de ce qui influence leurs caractéristiques. La synthèse a été réalisée en évitant l’emploi de conditions réactionnelles difficiles et les quantités d’éléments de transition ont été minimisées. Les nouvelles structures ont permis de vérifier l’effet de la variation de l’unité centrale sur les propriétés finales. Les modifications ont principalement porté sur la longueur effective de conjugaison par l’ajout d’unités de thiophène, ainsi que l’incorporation d’une liaison vinylique. L’effet de la présence de chaînes alkyles sur les positions C3 et C4 des thiophènes du coeur de chaque molécule a également été étudié. Les propriétés telles le potentiel d’oxydation, le nombre d’électrons échangés, la réversibilité des phénomènes d’oxydoréduction, l’absorbance, ainsi que l’électrochromisme chimique et électrochimique ont été étudiées, principalement par voltampérométrie cyclique et spectrométrie UV-visible en solution. De plus, des calculs théoriques ont été effectués afin d’appuyer les résultats obtenus expérimentalement. La modification du coeur de la molécule par ajout de thiophènes voisins n’a pas entraîné de grand déplacement bathochrome du λAbs, et dans le cas des thiophènes dialkylés, un déplacement hypsochrome d’au moins 66 nm a eu lieu causé par la torsion du squelette. L’étude des structures à l’état solide a même révélé l’obtention d’un nouveau composé possédant des propriétés vapochromiques prononcées. Les nouveaux composés électrochromes possèdent des valeurs de λAbs allant de 431 à 513 nm, et des potentiels d’oxydation de 0,8 à 1,2 V.

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A set of six new polystyrene anchored metal complexes have been synthesized by the reaction of the metal salt with the polystyrene anchored Schiff base of vanillin. These complexes were characterized by elemental analyses, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, diffuse reflectance studies, thermal studies, and magnetic susceptibility measurements. The elemental analyses suggest a metal : ligand ratio of 1 : 2. The ligand is unidentate and coordinates through the azomethine nitrogen. The Mn(II), Fe(III), Co(II), Ni(II), and Cu(II) complexes are all paramagnetic while Zn(II) is diamagnetic. The Cu(II) complex is assigned a square planar structure, while Zn(II) is assigned a tetrahedral structure and Mn(II), Fe(III), Co(II), and Ni(II) are all assigned octahedral geometry. The thermal analyses were done on the ligand and its complexes to reveal their stability. Further, the application of the Schiff base as a chelating resin in ion removal studies was investigated. The polystyrene anchored Schiff base gave 96% efficiency in the removal of Ni(II) from a 20-ppm solution in 15 min, without any interference from ions such as Mn(II), Co(II), Fe(III), Cu(II), Zn(II), U(VI), Na , K , NH4 , Ca2 , Cl , Br , NO3 , NO2 ,and CH3CO2 . The major advantage is that the removal is achieved without altering the pH.

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This paper reports the synthesis of a series of six new polystyrene anchored metal complexes of Co(II), Fe(III), Ni(II), Cu(II), Zn(II), and dioxouanium(VI) using the polystyrene anchored Schiff base of 2-nitrobenzaldehyde and the corresponding metal salts. The metal salts used were anhydrous FeCl3, CoCl2 Æ 6H2O, Ni(CH3COO)2 Æ 4H2O, Cu(CH3- COO)2 Æ H2O, Zn(CH3COO)2 Æ 2H2O, and UO2(CH3COO) Æ 2H2O. Physico chemical characterizations have been made from diffuse reflectance and vibrational spectra, elemental analysis, magnetic measurements, and TG studies. The elemental analysis suggest a 1:2 metal:ligand ratio when the complexation has carried out at 70 C for about 12 h reflux. The ligand is monodentate and coordinates through the azomethine nitrogen. The Fe(III), Co(II), Ni(II), and Cu(II) complexes are all paramagnetic whereas Zn(II) and U(VI) are diamagnetic. Zn(II) is assigned a tetrahedral structure, Cu(II) and Co(II) are assigned a square planar structure and Fe(III), Ni(II), and U(VI) are all assigned an octahedral structure. The polystyrene anchored ligand has been developed as an excellent reagent for the removal of Cu(II). Optimum conditions have been developed for the removal of metal ion from solutions by studying the effect of change of concentration of metal ion, ligand, effect of pH, time of reflux, and interference effect of other ions. It was found that within a span of 20 min it is possible to remove 90% of the metal ion from a 30 ppm metal ion solution in the pH range 4–5.5.

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Department of Applied Chemistry, Cochin University of Science and Technology

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Seven bis(ligand) Co(III) complexes {[CoL21] NO3 · H2 O (1), [CoL21] Cl · 2 H2 O (2),[CoL21] ClO4 (3), [CoL22] NO3 (4), [CoL22] Cl · 2 H2 O (5), [CoL23] Br · 2 H2 O (6), [CoL23] ClO4 · H2 O (7)} of three thiosemicarbazone ligands {pyridine-2-carbaldehyde-N(4)-p-methoxyphenyl thiosemicarbazone [HL1], pyridine-2-carbaldehyde-N(4)-2-phenylethyl thiosemicarbazone [HL2] and pyridine-2-carbaldehyde-N(4)-(methyl),N(4)-(phenyl) thiosemicarbazone [HL3]} were synthesized and physico-chemically characterized. All complexes are assigned octahedral geometries on the basis of spectral studies. The ligands deprotonate and coordinate by means of pyridine nitrogen, azomethine nitrogen, and thiolate sulfur atoms. The single crystal X-ray structures of HL3 and two nitrate compounds are discussed. The structural studies corroborate the spectral characterization.

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The current work deals with the synthesis and characterization of metal complexes derived from some substituted acylhydrazones. The hydrazones under investigation were characterized by IR, UV, NMR spectral studies and the molecular structure of one of the hydrazones was solved by single crystal XRD studies. In the present work dioxovanadium(V), manganese(II), cobalt(II/III), nickel(II), copper(II), zinc(II) and cadmium(II) complexes were synthesized and characterized by various spectroscopic techniques, molar conductance measurements, magnetic susceptibility measurements and cyclic voltammetry. Single crystals of some of the complexes were isolated and characterized by single crystal X-ray diffraction.The thesis is divided into eight chapters. Chapter 1 gives an introduction on hydrazones, diversity in their chelating behavior and their application in various fields. This chapter also describes different analytical techniques employed for the characterization of hydrazones and their metal complexes. Chapter 2 includes the synthesis and characterization of two substituted acylhydrazones. This chapter also discusses how the coordination behavior of hydrazones under investigation is interesting. Chapters 3-8 discuss the synthesis and characterization of some transition metal complexes derived from the acylhydrazones under study.The hydrazones synthesized were found to exist in the amido form. Various characterization techniques were carried out to explore the structure of the synthesized complexes. The results indicate that both the hydrazones coordinate through the pyridyl and azomethine nitrogens and amide oxygen either in enolate or neutral form. Out of synthesized complexes V(V), Zn/Cd(II) and one of the cobalt complex was found to diamagnetic. We could isolate single crystals of some of the complexes and most of the complexes crystallized were found to have a distorted octahedral geometry. Thus X-ray crystallographic study which was used as major tool in the structure determination revealed that the hydrazones undergo a rotation about the azomethine bond on complexation. We hope the work presented in the thesis would be helpful for those who are working in the field of metal complexes and can further they can be utilized for various applications.

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Thiosemicarbazones have emerged as an important class of ligands over a period of time, for a variety of reasons, such as variable donor properties, structural diversity and biological applications. Interesting as the coordination chemistry may be, the driving force for the study of these ligands has undoubtedly been their biological properties and the majority of the 3000 or so publications on thiosemicarbazones since 2000 have alluded to this feature. Thiosemicarbazones with potential donor atoms in their structural skeleton fascinate coordination chemists with their versatile chelating behavior. The thiosemicarbazones of aromatic aldehydes and ketones form stable chelates with transition metal cations by utilizing both their sulfur and azomethine nitrogen as donor atoms. They have been shown to possess a diverse range of biological activities including anticancer, antitumor, antibacterial, antiviral, antimalarial and antifungal properties owing to their ability to diffuse through the semipermeable membrane of the cell lines. The enhanced effect may be attributed to the increased lipophilicity of the metal complexes compared to the ligand alone.

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Five copper(II) complexes [CuLCl]2·CuCl2·4H2O (1), [CuLOAc] (2), [CuLNO3]2 (3), [CuLN3] (4) and [CuLNCS]·3/2H2O (5) of di-2-pyridyl ketone-N4-phenyl-3-semicarbazone (HL) were synthesized and characterized by elemental analyses and electronic, infrared and EPR spectral techniques. In all these complexes the semicarbazone undergoes deprotonation and coordinates through enolate oxygen, azomethine and pyridyl nitrogen atoms. All the complexes are EPR active due to the presence of an unpaired electron. EPR spectra of all the complexes in DMF at 77K suggest axial symmetry and the presence of half field signals for the complexes 1 and 3 indicates dimeric structures

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Five Mn(II) complexes of bis(thiosemicarbazones) which are represented as [Mn(H2Ac4Ph)Cl2] (1), [Mn(Ac4Ph)H2O] (2), [Mn(H2Ac4Cy)Cl2]·H2O (3), [Mn(H2Ac4Et)Cl2]·3H2O (4) and [Mn(H2Ac4Et)(OAc)2]·3H2O (5) have been synthesized and characterized by elemental analyses, electronic, infrared and EPR spectral techniques. In all the complexes except [Mn(Ac4Ph)H2O], the ligands act as pentadentate neutral molecules and coordinate to Mn(II) ion through two thione sulfur atoms, two azomethine nitrogens and the pyridine nitrogen, suggesting a heptacoordination. While in compound [Mn(Ac4Ph)H2O], the dianionic ligand is coordinated to the metal suggesting six coordination in this case. Magnetic studies indicate the high spin state of Mn(II). Conductivity measurements reveal their non-electrolyte nature. EPR studies indicate five g values for [Mn(Ac4Ph)H2O] showing zero field splitting.

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Four hydrazone ligands: 2-benzoylpyridine benzoyl hydrazone (HBPB), di-2-pyridyl ketone nicotinoyl hydrazone (HDKN), quinoline-2-carbaldehyde benzoyl hydrazone (HQCB), and quinoline-2-carbaldehyde nicotinoyl hydrazone (HQCN) and four of their complexes with vanadyl salts have been synthesized and characterized. Single crystals of HBPB and complexes [VO(BPB)(l2-O)]2 (1) and [VO(DKN)(l2-O)]2 ½H2O (2) were isolated and characterized by X-ray crystallography. Each of the complexes exhibits a binuclear structure where two vanadium(V) atoms are bridged by two oxygen atoms to form distorted octahedral structures within cis-N2O4 donor sets. In most complexes, the uninegative anions function as tridentate ligands, coordinating through the pyridyl- and azomethine-nitrogen atoms and enolic oxygen whereas in complex [VO(HQCN)(SO4)]SO4 4H2O (4) the ligand is coordinated in the keto form. Complexes [VO(QCB)( OMe)] 1.5H2O (3) and 4 are found to be EPR active and showed well-resolved axial anisotropy with two sets of eight line pattern

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Four oxovanadium and one dioxovanadium complex with 2-hydroxyacetophenone N(4)- phenylthiosemicarbazone (H2L) which are represented as [VOLphen]·2H2O (1), [VOLbipy] (2), [VOLdmbipy] (3), [VOL]2 (4) and [VO2HL]·CH3OH (5) have been synthesized and characterized by elemental analyses, electronic, infrared and EPR spectral techniques. In all the complexes 1–4 the ligand coordinates through phenolic oxygen, azomethine nitrogen and thiolate sulfur. But in complex [VO2HL]·CH3OH, coordination takes place in thione form instead of thiolate sulfur. All the complexes except [VO2HL]·CH3OH are EPR active due to the presence of an unpaired electron. In frozen DMF at 77 K, all the oxovanadium(IV) complexes show axial anisotropy with two sets of eight line patterns