[Human and institutional resources development : (611-0206) project paper, Zambia.]

Title from cover of original work.

Promoting democracy : progress report on U.S. democratic development assistance to Russia : report to the Chairman and Ranking Minority Member, Committee on International Relations, House of Representatives /

"B-270026"--P. 1.

The development impact of counterpart funds : a review of the literature /

Mode of access: Internet.

Natural resources planning for economic development : the AID/NPS project for managing natural resources on a substantial basis in LDCs.

Mode of access: Internet.

Syncrisis: the dynamics of health; an analytic series on the interactions of health and socioeconomic development /

Some vols. issued in revised editions.

Environmental research and development : hearing before the Subcommittee on Toxic Substances and Environmental Oversight of the Committee on Environment and Public Works, United States Senate, Ninety-eighth Congress, first session, June 14, 1983.

Pt. 1 not named as such.

How rare is too rare to harvest? Management challenges posed by timber species occurring at low densities in the Brazilian Amazon

Tropical forests are characterized by diverse assemblages of plant and animal species compared to temperate forests. Corollary to this general rule is that most tree species, whether valued for timber or not, occur at low densities (<1 adult tree ha(-1)) or may be locally rare. In the Brazilian Amazon, many of the most highly valued timber species occur at extremely low densities yet are intensively harvested with little regard for impacts on population structures and dynamics. These include big-leaf mahogany (Swietenia macrophylla), ipe (Tabebuia serratifolia and Tabebuia impetiginosa), jatoba (Hymenaea courbaril), and freijo cinza (Cordia goeldiana). Brazilian forest regulations prohibit harvests of species that meet the legal definition of rare - fewer than three trees per 100 ha - but treat all species populations exceeding this density threshold equally. In this paper we simulate logging impacts on a group of timber species occurring at low densities that are widely distributed across eastern and southern Amazonia, based on field data collected at four research sites since 1997, asking: under current Brazilian forest legislation, what are the prospects for second harvests on 30-year cutting cycles given observed population structures, growth, and mortality rates? Ecologically `rare` species constitute majorities in commercial species assemblages in all but one of the seven large-scale inventories we analyzed from sites spanning the Amazon (range 49-100% of total commercial species). Although densities of only six of 37 study species populations met the Brazilian legal definition of a rare species, timber stocks of five of the six timber species declined substantially at all sites between first and second harvests in simulations based on legally allowable harvest intensities. Reducing species-level harvest intensity by increasing minimum felling diameters or increasing seed tree retention levels improved prospects for second harvests of those populations with a relatively high proportion of submerchantable stems, but did not dramatically improve projections for populations with relatively flat diameter distributions. We argue that restrictions on logging very low-density timber tree populations, such as the current Brazilian standard, provide inadequate minimum protection for vulnerable species. Population declines, even if reduced-impact logging (RIL) is eventually adopted uniformly, can be anticipated for a large pool of high-value timber species unless harvest intensities are adapted to timber species population ecology, and silvicultural treatments are adopted to remedy poor natural stocking in logged stands. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

A Model for comparing reduced impact logging with conventional logging for an Eastern Amazonian Forest

Using data from a logging experiment in the eastern Brazilian Amazon region, we develop a matrix growth and yield model that captures the dynamic effects of harvest system choice on forest structure and composition. Multinomial logistic regression is used to estimate the growth transition parameters for a 10-year time step, while a Poisson regression model is used to estimate recruitment parameters. The model is designed to be easily integrated with an economic model of decisionmaking to perform tropical forest policy analysis. The model is used to compare the long-run structure and composition of a stand arising from the choice of implementing either conventional logging techniques or more carefully planned and executed reduced-impact logging (RIL) techniques, contrasted against a baseline projection of an unlogged forest. Results from log and leave scenarios show that a stand logged according to Brazilian management requirements will require well over 120 years to recover its initial commercial volume, regardless of logging technique employed. Implementing RIL, however, accelerates this recovery. Scenarios imposing a 40-year cutting cycle raise the possibility of sustainable harvest volumes, although at significantly lower levels than is implied by current regulations. Meeting current Brazilian forest policy goals may require an increase in the planned total area of permanent production forest or the widespread adoption of silvicultural practices that increase stand recovery and volume accumulation rates after RIL harvests. Published by Elsevier B.V.

Empreendedorismo em Cabo Verde

Este estágio tem como objetivo fundamental estudar o empreendedorismo em Cabo Verde, para assim compreender o processo empreendedor de criação de empresas neste país. A metodologia utilizada compreendeu a revisão da literatura das temáticas estudadas e a análise do Programa CRIA da Agência para Desenvolvimento Empresarial e Inovação (ADEI). Ao longo do estágio foram desenvolvidas atividades no âmbito do empreendedorismo que contribuíram para a melhoria das competências técnicas e profissionais dos empreendedores, tendo este permitido à estagiária maximizar o aproveitamento das oportunidades disponíveis nesta área em Cabo Verde. Os resultados do estágio confirmam a aplicação dos conhecimento teóricos e práticos adquiridos ao longo do mestrado, permitindo o enriquecimento e consolidação destes através das atividades realizadas.

The Best for Every Child

A report on the potential to transform disadvantaged communities in Lisburn through early intervention.This feasibility study and consultation was commissioned from Barnardo's with funding from the Public Health Agency, by Resurgam Development Trust representing community and youth organisations in disadvantaged communities in the City of Lisburn, including Old Warren, Hilden, Hillhall, Tonagh, Knockmore and Lagan Valley. It involved consultations with a very wide range of community organisations, schools and professional agencies working in Lisburn. It also included research into: the needs of the target areas; the desired outcomes for children and young people; the evidence and arguments for taking an early intervention approach to the issues; the public policy context and the extent that it might support an early intervention approach; and the evidence of the potential impact of delivering particular proven programmes in the target areas of Lisburn. Researched and written by Dr Roger Courtney.

Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus-associated meningitis, southern Spain.

Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) was detected in 2 patients with acute meningitis in southern Spain within a 3-year period. Although the prevalence of LCMV infection was low (2 [1.3%] of 159 meningitis patients), it represents 2.9% of all pathogens detected. LCMV is a noteworthy agent of neurologic illness in immunocompetent persons.

Immune activation alters cellular and humoral responses to yellow fever 17D vaccine.

Background. Defining the parameters that modulate vaccine responses in African populations will be imperative to design effective vaccines for protection against HIV, malaria, tuberculosis, and dengue virus infections. This study aimed to evaluate the contribution of the patient-specific immune microenvironment to the response to the licensed yellow fever vaccine 17D (YF-17D) in an African cohort. Methods. We compared responses to YF-17D in 50 volunteers in Entebbe, Uganda, and 50 volunteers in Lausanne, Switzerland. We measured the CD8+ T cell and B cell responses induced by YF-17D and correlated them with immune parameters analyzed by flow cytometry prior to vaccination. Results. We showed that YF-17D-induced CD8+ T cell and B cell responses were substantially lower in immunized individuals from Entebbe compared with immunized individuals from Lausanne. The impaired vaccine response in the Entebbe cohort associated with reduced YF-17D replication. Prior to vaccination, we observed higher frequencies of exhausted and activated NK cells, differentiated T and B cell subsets and proinflammatory monocytes, suggesting an activated immune microenvironment in the Entebbe volunteers. Interestingly, activation of CD8+ T cells and B cells as well as proinflammatory monocytes at baseline negatively correlated with YF-17D-neutralizing antibody titers after vaccination. Additionally, memory T and B cell responses in preimmunized volunteers exhibited reduced persistence in the Entebbe cohort but were boosted by a second vaccination. Conclusion. Together, these results demonstrate that an activated immune microenvironment prior to vaccination impedes efficacy of the YF-17D vaccine in an African cohort and suggest that vaccine regimens may need to be boosted in African populations to achieve efficient immunity. Trial registration. Registration is not required for observational studies. Funding. This study was funded by Canada's Global Health Research Initiative, Defense Threat Reduction Agency, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, and United States Agency for International Development.

Cooperação internacional católica: entre a política dos movimentos sociais e o ativismo da fé em ação

Resumo O artigo propõe uma análise das relações firmadas pela Catholic Agency for Overseas Development (CAFOD) com o movimento dos meninos de rua no Brasil na década de 1990 e com doadores católicos nas dioceses anglo-galesas. Pretende-se demonstrar que a particularidade da cooperação internacional católica não se encontra, como sugerem Morse e McNamara (2008), na existência de uma delimitada comunidade moral, mas nos tipos de saberes, técnicas e linguagens mobilizados a cada relação: técnico-burocráticos com doadores institucionais e católicos com doadores em paróquias. Tais relações permitem que se faça diferentes tipos de política: desde os movimentos sociais no Brasil em suas lutas específicas até os ativistas católicos britânicos, que tomam a justiça social como expressão de sua fé.

Instituições e políticas regionais: uma proposta para a nova Sudene

Sudene is the Brazilian Federal Agency for Northeast development. The Agency was recreated last year and this article discusses the possibility of its success. The main point argued here is that financial incentives per se are not the best way for a sustained economical and social progress. It is necessary a change in the institutions which maintain the status quo of the underdevelopment. The article shows the Sudene history and the motives of its failure.

Factores que determinan el aumento o la disminución de cooperación internacional en Colombia por parte de Estados Unidos a través de la Agencia de Estados Unidos para el Desarrollo - USAID

El interés de este estudio de caso es responder a la pregunta ¿Cuáles son los factores que determinan la ayuda de cooperación internacional en Colombia por parte de Estados Unidos a través de su agencia USAID? El propósito más puntual es explicar que estos factores están relacionados con aspectos externos ajenos a la manipulación de estos recursos por parte del gobierno colombiano. Estos factores son, crisis económicas internacionales, política exterior de ambos actores, intereses de las instituciones que asignan los recursos y priorización de Estados Unidos en materia de cooperación internacional. Para esto, se realizará un estudio más dinámico de las posibles variables que se presentan al momento de identificar los determinantes del aumento o la disminución de la cooperación internacional en Colombia. Siguiendo la perspectiva liberal, se avanza hacia el resultado de la investigación que permite identificar y corroborar de forma clara estos factores que determinan el aumento o la disminución de la cooperación internacional.