No seio da bela Sebastianópolis: uma cartografia do Rio de Janeiro nas crônicas de Macedo e Alencar nas décadas de 1850 e 1860

O presente trabalho pretende analisar as representações da cidade do Rio de Janeiro nas crônicas de José de Alencar e Joaquim Manuel de Macedo, publicadas, respectivamente, sob os títulos Ao Correr da Pena (1855-1856) e Labirinto (1860), tendo como objetivo mapear a cidade capital do império e as transformações pelas quais passou entre as décadas de 1850 e 1860. Tal proposta foi desenvolvida à luz do método cartográfico apresentado por Franco Moretti, em suas obras Atlas do Romance Europeu 1800-1900 e A Literatura Vista de Longe, nas quais o autor trata a criação de mapas como um instrumento intelectual que abriria caminho para novos questionamentos e novas conclusões no campo do imaginário. Ademais, ao utilizar obras literárias como fontes primárias para a análise da cidade do Rio de Janeiro do século XIX e suas especificidades no cenário brasileiro imperial, o presente trabalho dialoga com uma história cultural do urbano.

近亲尖额溞Alona affinis(Leydig,1860)的若干生物学特征

本文测量计数了采自贵州省江口县凯土河边的154个近亲尖额溞的体长和怀卵量,并探讨了这个种群的一些生物学性状。根据形态特征,确定本种为指名模式亚种。

Dust weather records in Beijing during 1860-1898 AD based on the Diary of Tonghe Weng

IEECAS SKLLQG

Home, family and society: women of the Irish landed class, 1860-1914. A Munster case study

The thesis analyses the roles and experiences of female members of the Irish landed class (wives, sisters and daughters of gentry and aristocratic landlords with estates over 1,000 acres) using primary personal material generated by twelve sample families over an important period of decline for the class, and growing rights for women. Notably, it analyses the experiences of relatively unknown married and unmarried women, something previously untried in Irish historiography. It demonstrates that women’s roles were more significant than has been assumed in the existing literature, and leads to a more rounded understanding of the entire class. Four chapters focus on themes which emerge from the sources used and which deal with their roles both inside and outside the home. These chapters argue that: Married and unmarried women were more closely bound to the priorities of their class than their sex, and prioritised male-centred values of family and estate. Male and female duties on the property overlapped, as marriage relationships were more equal than the legislation of the time would suggest. London was the cultural centre for this class. Due to close familial links with Britain (60% of sample daughters married English men) their self-perception was British or English, as well as Irish. With the self-confidence of their class, these women enjoyed cultural and political activities and movements outside the home (sport, travel, fashion, art, writing, philanthropy, (anti-)suffrage, and politics). Far from being pawns in arranged marriages, women were deeply conscious of their marriage decisions and chose socially, financially and personally compatible husbands; they also looked for sexual satisfaction. Childbirth sometimes caused lasting health problems, but pregnancy did not confine wealthy women to an invalid state. In opposition to the stereotypical distant aristocratic mother, these women breastfed their children, and were involved mothers. However, motherhood was not permitted to impinge on the more pressing role of wife

Control microbiano de la chinche del tallo del arroz, Tibraca limbativentris Stal. 1860 (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) con hongos entomopatógenos

El cultivo del arroz es una de las principales actividades productivas en el Nordeste Argentino, el cual se ve afectado por diferentes plagas que reducen su rendimiento y calidad. Entre ellas, la chinche del tallo, Tibraca limbativentris es una de las plagas principales. Para su control, el uso de agroquímicos es generalizado, por su conveniencia y eficiencia. Sin embargo, el mal uso de los productos fitosanitarios está ocasionando problemas al ambiente, lo que lleva a la búsqueda de nuevas tecnologías, reduciendo al mínimo los riesgos al ambiente y a la salud humana en particular. En el presente estudio se evalúa el uso de hongos entomopatógenos como una alternativa para reducir la población de T. limbativentris. Se realizaron muestreos en diversas zonas arroceras en búsqueda de cepas nativas de hongos entomopatógenos, lográndose aislar 11 cepas de adultos de esta chinche. A través de bioensayos se evaluaron 32 cepas de hongos entomopatógenos sobre adultos y dos de ellas causaron la muerte del 100 por ciento de los mismos. Se seleccionó la cepa Ma 72 de Metarhizium anisopliae y se evaluó la compatibilidad con diversos herbicidas usados frecuentemente en la producción de arroz. Se logró producir la cepa sobre diversos sustratos en fermentación en medio sólido (FMS4), destacándose el arroz blanco quebrado, sobre el cual se obtuvo 3,8 x 109 conidios/gr de sustrato. Se evaluaron diferentes tipos de formulaciones experimentales durante 100 días y la viabilidad se mantuvo sólo bajo condiciones de refrigeración (6 °C). Se evalúo la eficiencia de diversos formulados experimentales sobre adultos de T. limbativentris en condiciones de invernáculo, logrando un control satisfactorio (entre 56 y 77 por ciento de mortalidad) a los 30 días. Se concluyó que la cepa Ma 72 de M. anisopliae sería una herramienta promisora para su empleo en el control microbiano de la chinche del tallo T. limbativentris y podrían incluirse como parte de un programa de Manejo Integrado de plagas en arroz

The "Art" of Criticism: Rubén Darío and his Unknown Chronicles of the 1895 Salon for "La Prensa"

With the impetus that has led recent studies on Latin American Modernism to a reevaluation of the sense of cultural fluxes from the modernity capitals to its peripheries –discarding categories such as “influence”, “exotism” and “ivory tower”, stereotypes that have clouded critical understanding of this aesthetics for decades- the present study intends to investigate a persistent practice of the main writers of the movement. This practice is modernist pictorial criticism, a genre that will be approached through the analysis of an unknown corpus: the seven chronicles Rubén Darío published in the journal La Prensa on occasion of the third art exposition of the Ateneo de Buenos Aires. Our hypothesis is that the rare creators of images portrayed by Darío by the end of 1895 work as a visual counterpoint of the eccentric writers’ biographical sketches that a year later will be part of the fundamental volume Los raros (1896). In this early “salon”, which we reproduce in its entirety, accompanied by explanatory notes, the leader of Modernism rehearses and consolidates his transcultural work with the universal tradition –now applied to the Salons (1845-1860) by Charles Baudelaire and to the monumental project by John Ruskin in Modern painters (1843-1860)- to legitimate, from another subgenre of Modernist criticism, a new figure of the critic, in dissent with the Enlightenment model of the writer.

The Perils of Moviegoing in America, 1896-1950

The Perils of Moviegoing in America is a film history that examines the various physical and (perceived) moral dangers facing audiences during the first fifty years of film exhibition.

Chapter 1: “Conflagration”
As early as 1897, a major fire broke out at a film exhibition in San Francisco, with flames burning the projectionist and nearby audience members. From that point until the widespread adoption of safety stock in 1950, fires were a very common movie-going experience. Hundreds of audience members lost their lives in literally thousands of theatre fires, ranging from early nickelodeons to the movie palaces of the thirties and forties.

Chapter 2: “Thieves Among Us”
Bandits robbed movie theatres on hundreds of occasions from the early days of film exhibition through the end of the Great Depression. They held up ticket booths, and they dynamited theatre safes. They also shot theatre managers, ushers, and audience members, as a great many of the robberies occurred while movies were playing on the screens inside.

Chapter 3: “Bombs Away”
Bombings at movie theatres became common in small towns and large cities on literally hundreds of occasions from 1914 to the start of World War II. Some were incendiary bombs, and some were stench bombs; both could be fatal, whether due to explosions or to the trampling of panicked moviegoers

Chapter 4: “It’s Catching”
Widespread movie-going in the early 20th century provoked an outcry from numerous doctors and optometrists who believed that viewing films could do irreparable harm to the vision of audience members. Medical publications (including the Journal of the American Medical Association) published major studies on this perceived problem, which then filtered into popular-audience magazines and newspapers.

Chapter 5: “The Devil’s Apothecary Shops”
Sitting in the dark with complete strangers proved worrisome for many early filmgoers, who had good reason to be concerned. Darkness meant that prostitutes could easily work in the balconies of some movie theatres, as could “mashers” who molested female patrons (and sometimes children) after the lights were dimmed. That was all in addition to the various murderers who used the cover of darkness to commit their crimes at movie theatres.

Chapter 6: “Blue Sundays”
Blue laws were those regulations that prohibited businesses from operating on Sundays. Most communities across the US had such legislation on their books, which by the nickelodeon era were at odds with the thousands of filmgoers who went to the movies every Sunday. Theatre managers were often arrested, making newspaper headlines over and over again. Police sometimes even arrested entire film audiences as accomplices in the Blue Law violations.

Chapter 7: “Something for Nothing”
In an effort to bolster ticket sales, many movie theatres in the 1910s began to hold lotteries in which lucky audience members won cash prizes; by the time of the Great Depression, lotteries like “Bank Night” became a common aspect of the theatre-going enterprise. However, reception studies have generally overlooked the intense (and sometimes coordinated) efforts by police, politicians, and preachers to end this practice, which they viewed as illegal and immoral gambling.