Importación paralela de productos farmacéuticos como un problema entre derechos de propiedad intelectual y derecho de la competencia de la Comunidad Andina y la Unión Europea (Tema Central)

La importación paralela de medicinas dentro de una comunidad es una operación comercial que se desarrolla en el límite del Derecho a la competencia y el Derecho de propiedad intelectual. El presente artículo analiza la importación paralela de medicinas dentro del derecho de la Unión Europea (UE) y la compara con la norma andina que regula la competencia en la Comunidad Andina (CAN). Finalmente analiza las perspectivas en las relaciones entre estos dos procesos de integración desde el punto de vista del Derecho de la competencia.

El desarrollo sustentable de la Cuenca Amazónica en la Agenda Ambiental de la Comunidad Andina (Tema Central)

Este artículo busca establecer cómo la Agenda Ambiental Andina 2006-2010, como primer esfuerzo por incorporar el tema de medio ambiente en la agenda comunitaria, estructura políticas y acciones favorables al desarrollo sustentable de la Cuenca Amazónica a través de una revisión de sus tres ejes temáticos: biodiversidad, cambio climático y recursos hídricos.

La Comunidad Andina y su efecto en los procesos de internacionalización industrial: estudio de caso de empresas guayaquileñas en los sectores plástico, alimentos y bebidas (Otros Temas)

At present developing countries have found it necessary to set up integration mechanisms to remove barriers in order to promote trade. For this reason, countries have made efforts to encourage and develop local industries in order to offer attractive products to foreign markets and boost economic growth. In Latin America, the Andean Community (CAN) is one of the oldest integration process in Latin America. Ecuador, like other members of CAN, has had good results as a member of the CAN. Based on survey data this paper overviews some of the experiences, processes implemented, and commercialization efforts undertaken by manufacturing export companies in the manufacturing industrial sector (plastic, food and beverages) in the city of Guayaquil.

Monetary arrangements for emerging economies

In this paper we look at various alternatives for monetary regimes: dollarization, monetary union and local currency. We use an extension of the debt crisis model of Cole and Kehoe ([3], [4] and [5]), although we do not necessarily follow their sunspot interpretation. Our focus is to appraise the welfare of a country which is heavily dependent on international capital due to low savings, for example, and might suffer a speculative attack on its external public debt. We study the conditions under which countries will be better off adopting each one of the regimes described above. If it belongs to a monetary union or to a local currency regime, a default may be avoided by an ination tax on debt denominated in common or local currency, respectively. Under the former regime, the decision to inate depends on each member country's political inuence over the union's central bank, while, in the latter one, the country has full autonomy to decide about its monetary policy. The possibility that the government inuences the central bank to create ination tax for political reasons adversely affects the expected welfare of both regimes. Under dollarization, ination is ruled out and the country that is subject to an external debt crisis has no other option than to default. Accordingly, one of our main results is that shared ination control strengthens currencies and a common-currency regime is superior in terms of expected welfare to the local-currency one and to dollarization if external shocks that member countries suffer are strongly correlated to each other. On the other hand, dollarization is dominant if the room for political ination under the alternative regime is high. Finally, local currency is dominant if external shocks are uncorrelated and the room for political pressure is mild. We nish by comparing Brazil's and Argentina's recent experiences which resemble the dollarization and the local currency regimes, and appraising the incentives that member countries would have to unify their currencies in the following common markets: Southern Common Market, Andean Community of Nations and Central American Common Market.

Preliminary Overview of the Economies of Latin America and the Caribbean 2005

Includes bibliography

Foreign Investment in Latin America and the Caribbean 2002

Includes bibliography

Foreign Investment in Latin America and the Caribbean 2003

Includes bibliography

Latin America and the Caribbean in the World Economy 2006: 2007 trends

Includes bibliography

Latin America and the Caribbean in the World Economy 2007: 2008 trends

Includes bibliography

Latin America and the Caribbean in the World Economy 2009-2010: A crisis generated in the centre and a recovery driven by the emerging economies

Incluye Bibliografía

Recent trade performance of Caribbean countries

Includes bibliography

Some considerations on the possible effects of the failure of the United States Congress to renew the ATPDEA

Includes bibliography

Trade in services in Latin America and the Caribbean: an analysis of recent trends

Includes bibliography

Latin America and the Caribbean: projections 2006-2007

Includes bibliography