Analyse des Fluchtverhaltens von Fischen auf Schiffsgeräusche mit hydroakustischen Methoden

Investigations on the avoidance reactions of pelagic schooling fish (herring and sprat) released by an approaching fishery vessel were carried out during the 378th cruise of FRC "Solea" from 25 September to 3 October 1995 in the Arkona Sea, southern Baltic. An echosounder system EK 500/BI500 with a 38 kHz transducer mounted on a towed body as weIl as a 120 kHz hull mounted transducer were used. Fish densities were measured synchronously as well as under the ship as at a laterally distances from the ship by the transducer of the towed body. By these means the variation of fish densities up to a certain distance from the ship is possible. The advantage of using an echo integrating system for these measurements is, that it works also for not schooling fish and under conditions where schooling fish disperse (e.g. at night).

Differenzierung von Pangasius (Pangasius hypophthalmus) und Asiatischem Rotflossenwels (Hemibagrus wyckioides) durch Protein- und DNA-Analyse

In the last years farmed Pangasius (Tra-Pangasius, Pangasius hypophthalmus) from Vietnam has reached a considerable market share, whereas aquaculture of Asian Redtail Catfish (Hemibagrus wyckioides) is in its infancy. Recently it has been detected by food control authorities in Hamburg, that Pangasius fillets have been mislabelled and sold as fillets produced from Asian Redtail catfish. The necessity to improve the analytical methods for differentiation of Pangasius and Redtail Catfish prompted us to evaluate the suitability of isoelectric focusing (IEF) and DNA-analysis for identification of the two species. IEF of water soluble proteins was found to be a fast, reliable and economical method for differentiation of raw fillets of Pangasius and Redtail Catfish, as long as reference material is available. PCR-based DNA analysis was performed as follows: (i) amplification of a 464 bp segment of the cytochrome b gene; (ii) sequencing of the PCR product; (iii) comparison of the sequence with entries in GenBank using BLAST. The sequences of both species differed considerably, allowing the unequivocal differentiation between P. hypophthalmus and H. wyckioides. Kurzfassung Pangasius (Schlankwels, Tra-Pangasius, Pangasius hypophthalmus) hat sich innerhalb weniger Jahre zu einem bedeutenden Zuchtfisch entwickelt, während die Aquakultur des Asiatischen Rotflossenwelses (Hemibagrus wyckioides) in Vietnam noch in einem relativ kleinen Maßstab stattfindet. Kürzlich wurde von der Lebensmittelüberwachung in Hamburg nachgewiesen, dass im Handel erhältliche Filets mit der Deklaration „Rotflossenwels“ aus Pangasius hergestellt worden waren. Vor diesem Hintergrund wurden zwei Methoden auf ihre Eignung zur Differenzierung von Pangasius und Rotflossenwels geprüft. Es zeigte sich, dass sowohl die isoelektrische Fokussierung (IEF) wasserlöslicher Proteine als auch die PCR-basierte DNA-Analyse zur Unterscheidung beider Arten gut geeignet ist. Die IEF stellt eine schnelle und kostengünstige Untersuchungsmethode dar, die allerdings Referenzmaterial benötigt. Mit Hilfe der PCR (Polymerase-Kettenreaktion) wurde ein Abschnitt des Cytochrom b-Gens vervielfältigt und sequenziert. Die Sequenzen von P. hypophthalmus und H. wyckioides wiesen beträchtliche Unterschiede auf. Es wird diskutiert, wie sich durch Vergleich dieser Sequenzen mit Einträgen in Gendatenbanken unbekannte Proben beider Arten sicher zuordnen lassen.

Veja: ideologia e argumentatividade em revista

Tendo como objeto de análise capas da revista Veja, esta tese pretende verificar, por meio da observação analítica desses arranjos sígnicos, em sua materialidade textual bem como nos diálogos que estabelecem com o mundo, as suas tendências ideológicas e as marcas de sua argumentatividade constitutiva, de modo a tornar relativo o conceito de texto de informação que costuma recobrir o objeto em análise. Fazem parte do percurso teórico da pesquisa estudos e reflexões sobre: noções de textualidade e de gênero textual; teoria da argumentação; interferência de elementos exteriores ao texto para a produção do sentido; teoria semiótica de base peirceana; estratégias e mecanismos presentes nas representações discursivas feitas pela mídia. Colocam-se, dessa forma, os estudos da língua e das linguagens como instrumentos capazes de, pelas vias da ciência, fazer ver os encaminhamentos argumentativos propostos nesses textos. São, portanto, considerados e analisados os elementos que, prestando-se à representação do real, imprimem ao/no texto marcas do(s) sujeito(s) sociohistórico(s) que, conforme as lições bakhtinianas, nele se presentifica(m) e, através dele, atua(m) intersubjetivamente

O ethos discursivo nas redações de vestibular

O presente trabalho tem o objetivo de estudar o ethos constituído nas redações argumentativas de vestibular, verificando, a partir das escolhas linguísticas dos estudantes, a representação discursiva que eles constroem de si para defender sua tese. O corpus se constitui de cem redações, que integraram a segunda fase dos vestibulares 2006 e 2007, da Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro. Para alcançarmos essa imagem coletiva, utilizamos, prioritariamente, a noção de ethos discursivo proposta por Dominique Maingueneau. Optamos por realizar uma análise quantitativa e qualitativa do corpus. A primeira abordagem nos proporcionou uma visão panorâmica das redações ao passo que a segunda revelou os casos mais representativos de cada fenômeno observado. No decorrer da análise, verificamos nas redações práticas que incidiam no risco de configurar ethé indesejados e mesmo censuráveis, causando prejuízo à argumentação dos vestibulandos. Por essa razão, finalizamos a pesquisa com sugestões de atividades didáticas, que focam o aprimoramento das habilidades de escrita e leitura, na tentativa de apresentar uma contribuição ao processo de ensino-aprendizagem de Produção Textual

Identifizierung der Welsart in Filetware durch Protein- und DNA-Analyse

Zusammenfassung Zur Identifizierung der folgenden vier Welsarten bzw. zwei Hybriden (Clarias gariepinus, Pangasius hypophthalmus, Pseudoplatystoma spp., Silurus glanis, Claresse® und Melander®) wurden die isolektrische Fokussierung (IEF) der wasserlöslichen Muskelproteine und die Polymerase-Kettenreaktion (PCR) zur Vervielfältigung und Sequenzierung eines Abschnittes aus dem Cytochrom b – Gen eingesetzt. Die IEF ergab artspezifische Proteinmuster mit hitzestabilen Proteinbanden im anodalen Gelbereich. Der afrikanische Wels (C. gariepinus) und das Hybriderzeugnis Melander® wiesen das gleiche Proteinmuster auf. Mittels DNA-Analyse ließen sich die Welsarten anhand ihrer Cytochrom b Gensequenzen eindeutig identifizieren. Auch hier zeigte der Welshybrid Melander® ein identisches Ergebnis wie der afrikanische Wels. Die Schwierigkeiten der Identifizierung von Tigerwelsen südamerikanischer Herkunft aus der Gattung Pseudoplatystoma werden diskutiert. Abstract Isoelectric focusing (IEF) of water soluble proteins and PCR-based DNA- analysis were used to differentiate between four catfish species (Clarias gariepinus, Pangasius hypophthalmus, Pseudoplatystoma spp., Silurus glanis) and two hybrids Claresse® and Melander®. Specific protein patterns have been obtained for all species and Claresse®, but in case of Melander® the identical pattern was observed as for the African catfish Clarias gariepinus. By sequencing the PCR products and application of BLAST, authenticity of the different catfish samples was confirmed. The cytochrome b gene sequences of Melander® and African catfish were identical. The difficulties of identifying catfishes of the genus Pseudoplatystoma are discussed.

La pêche artisanale en lagune Aby (Côte d'Ivoire): analyse des captures en 1988 et 1989

The exploitation of fish stocks in Aby lagoon was marked by an increase of total fishing effort, yields and therefore by the increase of total production. Fishing effort evolution was due to: the increasing of the number of beach seines which has increased from 26 in 1987 to 32 in 1988, the reappearance of syndicat seines and finally the importance of fishing teams activity.

Analyse des effets de l'ouverture du chenal de Grand Bassam (estuaire du fleuve Comoé, Lagune Ebrié) sur la macrofaune benthique lagunaire

This paper presents the results of a comparative study of three series of samples collected in the area near the Bassam channel before, six and twenty months after its opening in September 1987. Observed effects are the decrease in the abundance and the modification of the benthic macrofauna composition. These effects appeared to be definitive, without recovery of the most abundant species Corbula trigona. Most differences noted in the population structure are due to the increase of the salinity and at a least degree to the modification of the nature of the sediment.

Analyse des rendements des chalutiers ivoiriens. Définition d'un effort de pêche

A comparison between the yields obtained during 1968 and 1969 from the trawlers based at Abidjan harbour was carried out in various fishing areas. Seasonal fluctuations of abundance were first eliminated and then the regression between yield and motor power was calculated. The unit of fishing effort, one hour of fishing for a standard trawler of 400 BHP, was chosen for the fishing statistics of the Ivorian fleet.

Differenzierung von Kammmuscheln durch DNA-Analyse

Abstract In the last years scallops have reached a considerable popularity and the import of scallops into the EU has increased about 20 % over the last fi ve years from some 50.000 t to nearly 63.000 t in the year 2010. Scallops are fi shed or farmed, and traded as fresh or deep frozen product. Recently investigation of scallop products of various origins by determining the species using molecular biological techniques showed that the species had been mislabelled in a considerable proportion of samples. Determination of the species was performed by PCR-based DNA-analysis of mitochondrial DNA followed by (i) sequencing the PCR product and (ii) comparison of the DNA sequence with entries in GenBank using BLAST. The deduced sequences of the analysed samples were considerably different from each other allowing the unambiguous assignment of samples to a certain species. Kurzfassung Die Nachfrage von Kammmuscheln in der EU hat in den letzten fünf Jahren erheblich zugenommen. Der Import stieg von knapp 53.000 t im Jahr 2005 um 20% auf annähernd 63.000 t im Jahr 2010. Gehandelt werden Kammmuscheln sowohl als frische als auch als Tiefkühlware aus Wildfängen und Aquakultur. Untersuchungen von Kammmuschel-Proben aus verschiedenen Ursprungsländern und Bestimmung der Spezies auf molekularbiologischer Basis zeigten, dass ein erheblicher Anteil der Proben falsch deklariert war. Die Bestimmung der Spezies erfolgte durch Vervielfältigung eines Abschnitts des 16S rRNA Gens durch Polymerase- Kettenreaktion (PCR), anschließender Sequenzanalyse der PCR-Produkte und Vergleich der DNA Sequenzen untereinander und mit Dateneintragungen in GenBank. Die DNA-Sequenzen der ermittelten Abschnitte der 16S rRNA der Proben unterschieden sich erheblich voneinander und erlaubten eine eindeutige Zuordnung zu jeweils einer Spezies.

Copépodes pélagiques du plateau ivoirien. Utilisation de I'analyse des correspondances dans l'étude des variations saisonnières

Several 'analyses factorielles des correspondences' were used with the numerical data of planktonic copepods issued from a 1 year sampling programme at different stations of the Ivorian shelf. The main results were the following: (1) 'Ecological seasons' approximately corresponding to hydrological seasons may be defined for planktonic populations. (2) Each 'season' is characterized by one group of species, whose maximum abundance occurs in this period. (3) The same definition of ecological season is obtained whether all species present are used or whether only the most important ones are used. (4) The first principal axes may be interpreted as temperature and salinity or as the station's distance from shore.

CRYSTAL AND MOLECULAR STRUCTURES AND MS ANALYSE OF beta-CARBOXYLETHYL (OR alpha-METHYLETHYL) GERMANIUM TRICHLORIDES

This paper reports the results of the crystal and molecular structures, CI-MS and FAB-MS analyse of Cl3GeCH2CH2COOH and Cl3GeCH(CH3)CH2COOH. The characters and active parts of these molecules are also discussed