Comédies de la princesse Amélie de Saxe.

La fiancée de la résidence.--L'oncle.--La fiancée du prince.

An?lisis literario del choque cultural en la novela ? stupeur et tremblements ? de am?lie nothomb [recurso electr?nico]

Este trabajo tiene el prop?sito de analizar el libro Stper et Tremblements de la escritora belga Amalie Nothomb que permitir? ver el fen?meno del choque cultural como una vivencia individual y a la vez como una construcci?n social a trav?s de las experiencias de la protagonista de la obra. Cabe anotar que se trata de una novela autobiogr?fica porque la escritora habla de su propia experiencia cuando trabajaba en una multinacional japonesa. A partir de esa experiencia desarrolla aspectos como la cultura empresarial y la condici?n de la mujer y del extranjero en Jap?n. La problem?tica del choque cultural est? ligada a la dimensi?n intercultural que no se puede desasir de la ense?anza y el aprendizaje de las lenguas extranjeras. Cuando una persona conoce una nueva cultura, muchas veces se da cuenta que la realidad es diferente a la suya. Experimenta un sentimiento de desconcierto que le causa zozobra. Esta vivencia suele ser traum?tica porque surgen emociones de inseguridad, crisis de la identidad, incomodidad f?sica y emocional. Hasta que se aprende c?mo reaccionar, encontrar formas de manejar las nuevas situaciones, empezar a superar las emociones y los sentimientos negativos para lograr adaptarse a la cultura extranjera. Por lo general una vez que la persona logra adaptarse, es capaz de trabajar en su nuevo entorno y adem?s puede disfrutar las experiencias que vive, realizarse plenamente, expresarse sin dificultades, ser creativo y confiar en las personas.

Self-Development of Competences for Social Inclusion Using the TENCompetence Infrastructure

This paper describes a pilot study centred on the technology-enhanced self-development of competences in lifelong learning education carried out in the challenging context of the Association of Participants Àgora. The pilot study shows that the use of the TENCompetence infrastructure, i.e. in this case the Personal Development Planner tool, provides various kinds of benefits for adult participants with low educational profiles and who are traditionally excluded from the use of innovative learning technologies and the knowledge society. The selforganized training supported by the PDP tool aims at allowing the learners to create and control their own learning plans based on their interests and educational background including informal and non-formal experiences. In this sense, the pilot participants had the opportunity to develop and improve their competences in English language (basic and advanced levels) and ICT competence profiles which are mostly related to functional and communicative skills. Besides, the use of the PDP functionalities, such as the self-assessment, the planning and the self-regulating elements allowed the participants to develop reflective skills. Pilot results also provide indications for future developments in the field of technology support for self-organized learners. The paper introduces the context and the pilot scenario, indicates the evaluation methodology applied and discusses the most significant findings derived from the pilot study.

Parole, personnage et sujet dans les récits littéraires de Benjamin Constant

Même si Alison Fairlie, Tzvetan Todorov, Han Verhoeff et Simone Balayé ont reconnu l'importance de la parole dans les récits littéraires de Benjamin Constant (Amélie et Germaine, Cécile, Ma vie et Adolphe), dans leurs commentaires ces critiques ont surtout mis en évidence les échecs et les malentendus inhérents à toute communication verbale. Au-delà de ces constatations, il restait à montrer que les récits constantiens donnent à voir et à comprendre l'intérêt que cet écrivain nourrissait pour la parole, tout particulièrement pour la parole privée -celle qu'il a choisi de mettre en scène dans ces quatre oeuvres, qui acquièrent, grâce à cette spécificité, une manière d'unité. Cette parole intime, aux antipodes de la parole publique, s'offre comme un champ d'investigation illimité tant le locuteur est alors impliqué dans sa pratique verbale. Les introspections des narrateurs-personnages constantiens font naître la peinture d'un sujet moderne, fragilisé dans sa vie personnelle et peu engagé dans la vie sociale, mais elles offrent surtout un vaste panorama des situations d'interlocution et présentent en creux les nombreuses ressources de la parole. Ces récits, qui accordent une attention tout à fait signifiante à l'écriture de la parole, mais échappent parfois à toute classification générique, parviennent à mimer les incertitudes de leur narrateur-personnage tout en révélant que c'est par la parole, originale et singulière, que le sujet s'individualise expérience rendue souvent difficile à cause de la langue conventionnelle dont usent ceux que l'on rencontre dans les lieux de sociabilité, en ce XIXe siècle naissant.

[Illustrations de Génie du Christianisme ou beautés de la religion chrétienne] / A.Villerey, grav. ; Dambrun, grav. [et al...]; Chateaubriand, aut. du texte

Comprend : [Tome I. Frontispice : la Foi chrétienne commandant aux Arts et aux travaux des hommes.] [Cote : Res D 5716/Microfilm R 122368 à 122370 et R 132635] ; [Tome I. Pl. en reg. p.110 : Chapitre XI. L'extrême-onction.] [Cote : Res D 5716/Microfilm R 122368 à 122370 et R 132635] ; [Tome I. Pl. en reg. p.319 : Livre V. Partie I. On se console par la douleur.] L'une apportoit son enfant mort, l'autre son enfant vivant (...) Elle mettoient ensuite leurs enfants sur une branche de catalpa, et les balançoient ensemble, en chantant des airs de leurs pays. Hélas! ces jeux maternels, qui souvent endormoient l'innocence, ne pouvoient réveiller la mort! [Cote : Res D 5716/Microfilm R 122368 à 122370 et R 132635] ; [Tome II. Pl. en reg. p.239 : Partie II. Livre IV. Les passions. Amélie décidée à rentrer au couvent.] [Cote : Res D 5716/Microfilm R 122368 à 122370 et R 132635] ; [Tome II. Pl. en reg. p.250 : Partie II. Livre IV. Les passions. Chateaubriand guettant la fenêtre d'Amélie au couvent.] [Cote : Res D 5716/Microfilm R 122368 à 122370 et R 132635] ; [Tome III. Pl. en reg. p.368 : Partie III. Livre VI. La mort d'Atala. Le Père Aubry et Chactas enterrent Atala.] [Cote : Res D 5716/Microfilm R 122368 à 122370 et R 132635] ; [Tome III. Pl. en reg. p.372 : Partie III. Livre VI. Chactas pleure sur la tombe d'Atala.] [Cote : Res D 5716/Microfilm R 122368 à 122370 et R 132635] ; [Tome IV. Pl. en reg. p.167 : Partie IV. Livre III. Chapitre VI. Vue générale du Clergé. Un moine Trappiste.] [Cote : Res D 5716/Microfilm R 122368 à 122370 et R 132635] ; [Tome IV. Pl. en reg. p.217 : Partie IV. Livre III. Chapitre VI. Vue générale du Clergé. Un missionnaire remonte le Rio de la Plata pour évangéliser les Indiens.] [Cote : Res D 5716/Microfilm R 122368 à 122370 et R 132635]

Comparative genomics of emerging pathogens in the Candida glabrata clade

BACKGROUND: Candida glabrata follows C. albicans as the second or third most prevalent cause of candidemia worldwide. These two pathogenic yeasts are distantly related, C. glabrata being part of the Nakaseomyces, a group more closely related to Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Although C. glabrata was thought to be the only pathogenic Nakaseomyces, two new pathogens have recently been described within this group: C. nivariensis and C. bracarensis. To gain insight into the genomic changes underlying the emergence of virulence, we sequenced the genomes of these two, and three other non-pathogenic Nakaseomyces, and compared them to other sequenced yeasts. RESULTS: Our results indicate that the two new pathogens are more closely related to the non-pathogenic N. delphensis than to C. glabrata. We uncover duplications and accelerated evolution that specifically affected genes in the lineage preceding the group containing N. delphensis and the three pathogens, which may provide clues to the higher propensity of this group to infect humans. Finally, the number of Epa-like adhesins is specifically enriched in the pathogens, particularly in C. glabrata. CONCLUSIONS: Remarkably, some features thought to be the result of adaptation of C. glabrata to a pathogenic lifestyle, are present throughout the Nakaseomyces, indicating these are rather ancient adaptations to other environments. Phylogeny suggests that human pathogenesis evolved several times, independently within the clade. The expansion of the EPA gene family in pathogens establishes an evolutionary link between adhesion and virulence phenotypes. Our analyses thus shed light onto the relationships between virulence and the recent genomic changes that occurred within the Nakaseomyces.

Spatial modeling techniques for mapping and characterization of acid sulfate soils

Acid sulfate (a.s.) soils constitute a major environmental issue. Severe ecological damage results from the considerable amounts of acidity and metals leached by these soils in the recipient watercourses. As even small hot spots may affect large areas of coastal waters, mapping represents a fundamental step in the management and mitigation of a.s. soil environmental risks (i.e. to target strategic areas). Traditional mapping in the field is time-consuming and therefore expensive. Additional more cost-effective techniques have, thus, to be developed in order to narrow down and define in detail the areas of interest. The primary aim of this thesis was to assess different spatial modeling techniques for a.s. soil mapping, and the characterization of soil properties relevant for a.s. soil environmental risk management, using all available data: soil and water samples, as well as datalayers (e.g. geological and geophysical). Different spatial modeling techniques were applied at catchment or regional scale. Two artificial neural networks were assessed on the Sirppujoki River catchment (c. 440 km2) located in southwestern Finland, while fuzzy logic was assessed on several areas along the Finnish coast. Quaternary geology, aerogeophysics and slope data (derived from a digital elevation model) were utilized as evidential datalayers. The methods also required the use of point datasets (i.e. soil profiles corresponding to known a.s. or non-a.s. soil occurrences) for training and/or validation within the modeling processes. Applying these methods, various maps were generated: probability maps for a.s. soil occurrence, as well as predictive maps for different soil properties (sulfur content, organic matter content and critical sulfide depth). The two assessed artificial neural networks (ANNs) demonstrated good classification abilities for a.s. soil probability mapping at catchment scale. Slightly better results were achieved using a Radial Basis Function (RBF) -based ANN than a Radial Basis Functional Link Net (RBFLN) method, narrowing down more accurately the most probable areas for a.s. soil occurrence and defining more properly the least probable areas. The RBF-based ANN also demonstrated promising results for the characterization of different soil properties in the most probable a.s. soil areas at catchment scale. Since a.s. soil areas constitute highly productive lands for agricultural purpose, the combination of a probability map with more specific soil property predictive maps offers a valuable toolset to more precisely target strategic areas for subsequent environmental risk management. Notably, the use of laser scanning (i.e. Light Detection And Ranging, LiDAR) data enabled a more precise definition of a.s. soil probability areas, as well as the soil property modeling classes for sulfur content and the critical sulfide depth. Given suitable training/validation points, ANNs can be trained to yield a more precise modeling of the occurrence of a.s. soils and their properties. By contrast, fuzzy logic represents a simple, fast and objective alternative to carry out preliminary surveys, at catchment or regional scale, in areas offering a limited amount of data. This method enables delimiting and prioritizing the most probable areas for a.s soil occurrence, which can be particularly useful in the field. Being easily transferable from area to area, fuzzy logic modeling can be carried out at regional scale. Mapping at this scale would be extremely time-consuming through manual assessment. The use of spatial modeling techniques enables the creation of valid and comparable maps, which represents an important development within the a.s. soil mapping process. The a.s. soil mapping was also assessed using water chemistry data for 24 different catchments along the Finnish coast (in all, covering c. 21,300 km2) which were mapped with different methods (i.e. conventional mapping, fuzzy logic and an artificial neural network). Two a.s. soil related indicators measured in the river water (sulfate content and sulfate/chloride ratio) were compared to the extent of the most probable areas for a.s. soils in the surveyed catchments. High sulfate contents and sulfate/chloride ratios measured in most of the rivers demonstrated the presence of a.s. soils in the corresponding catchments. The calculated extent of the most probable a.s. soil areas is supported by independent data on water chemistry, suggesting that the a.s. soil probability maps created with different methods are reliable and comparable.