Genome-wide association analysis identifies 11 risk variants associated with the asthma with hay fever phenotype

Background To date, no genome-wide association study (GWAS) has considered the combined phenotype of asthma with hay fever. Previous analyses of family data from the Tasmanian Longitudinal Health Study provide evidence that this phenotype has a stronger genetic cause than asthma without hay fever. Objective We sought to perform a GWAS of asthma with hay fever to identify variants associated with having both diseases. Methods We performed a meta-analysis of GWASs comparing persons with both physician-diagnosed asthma and hay fever (n = 6,685) with persons with neither disease (n = 14,091). Results At genome-wide significance, we identified 11 independent variants associated with the risk of having asthma with hay fever, including 2 associations reaching this level of significance with allergic disease for the first time: ZBTB10 (rs7009110; odds ratio [OR], 1.14; P = 4 × 10−9) and CLEC16A (rs62026376; OR, 1.17; P = 1 × 10−8). The rs62026376:C allele associated with increased asthma with hay fever risk has been found to be associated also with decreased expression of the nearby DEXI gene in monocytes. The 11 variants were associated with the risk of asthma and hay fever separately, but the estimated associations with the individual phenotypes were weaker than with the combined asthma with hay fever phenotype. A variant near LRRC32 was a stronger risk factor for hay fever than for asthma, whereas the reverse was observed for variants in/near GSDMA and TSLP. Single nucleotide polymorphisms with suggestive evidence for association with asthma with hay fever risk included rs41295115 near IL2RA (OR, 1.28; P = 5 × 10−7) and rs76043829 in TNS1 (OR, 1.23; P = 2 × 10−6). Conclusion By focusing on the combined phenotype of asthma with hay fever, variants associated with the risk of allergic disease can be identified with greater efficiency.

Intake, growth and carcass characteristics of lambs consuming low digestible hay and cereal grain

The influence of barley and oat grain supplements on hay dry matter intake (DMI), carcass components gain and meat quality in lambs fed a low quality basal diet was examined. Thirty five crossbred wether lambs (9 months of age) were divided into four groups. After adaptation to a basal diet of 85% oat hay and 15% lucerne hay for one week, an initial group of 11 was slaughtered. The weights of carcass components and digesta-free empty body weight (EBW) of this group was used to estimate the weight of carcass components of the other three experimental groups at the start of the experiment. The remaining three groups were randomly assigned to pens and fed ad libitum the basal diet alone (basal), basal with 300 g air dry barley grain (barley), basal with 300 g air dry oat grain (oat). Supplements were fed twice weekly (i.e., 900 g on Tuesday and 1200 g on Friday). After 13 weeks of feeding, animals were slaughtered and, at 24 h post-mortem meat quality and subcutaneous fat colour were measured. Samples of longissimus muscle were collected for determination of sarcomere length and meat tenderness. Hay DMI was reduced (P<0.01) by both barley and oat supplements. Lambs fed barley or oat had a higher and moderate digestibility of DM, and a higher intake of CP (P<0.05) and ME (P<0.01) than basal lambs. Final live weight of barley and oat lambs was higher (P<0.05) than basal, but this was not reflected in EBW or hot carcass weight. Lambs fed barley or oat had increases in protein (P<0.01) and water (P<0.001) in the carcass, but fat gain was not changed (P>0.05). There were no differences in eye muscle area or fat depth (total muscle and adipose tissue depth at 12th rib, 110 mm from midline; GR) among groups. The increased levels of protein and water components in the carcass of barley and oat fed lambs, associated with improved muscle production, were small and did not alter (P>0.05) any of the carcass/meat quality attributes compared to lambs fed a low quality forage diet. Feeding barley or oat grain at 0.9–1% of live weight daily to lambs consuming poor quality hay may not substantially improve carcass quality, but may be useful in maintaining body condition of lambs through the dry season for slaughter out of season

Using Alkanes to Predict Voluntary Intake, Faecal Output and Digestibility of Buffel Grass Hay Fed to Steers

The cuticular waxes of forage plants contain long chain n-alkanes with odd carbon chain lengths in the range C25-C37 which are quantitatively recovered in faeces. When these concentrations are used with the concentrations of administered synthetic even chain length alkanes, the voluntary intake (VI), faecal output (FO) and digestibility (DMD) of forages can be estimated (Dove and Mayes 1991, 1996).

Response By Dairy Cows Grazing Tropical Grass Pasture To Barley or Sorghum Grain Based Concentrates and Lucerne Hay

This study investigated the responses by dairy cows grazing Callide Rhodes grass (Chloris gayana cv. Callide) pasture to supplementation with barley or sorghum based concentrates (5 grain:1 cotton seed meal) or barley concentrate plus lucerne (Medicago sativa) hay. It was conducted in summer - autumn 1999 with 20 spring calved cows in 4 treatments in 3 consecutive periods of 4 weeks. Rain grown pastures, heavily stocked at 4.4 cows/ha, provided 22 to 35 kg green DM and 14 to 16 kg green leaf DM/cow.day in periods 1 to 3. Supplements were fed individually twice daily after milking. Cows received 6 kg concentrate/day in period 1, increased by 1 kg/day as barley, sorghum or lucerne chaff in each of periods 2 and 3. The Control treatment received 6 kg barley concentrate in all 3 periods. Milk yields by cows fed sorghum were lower than for cows fed equivalent levels of barley-based concentrate (P<0.05). Faecal starch levels (14, 18 and 17%) for cows fed sorghum concentrate were much higher (P<0.01) than those of cows fed similar levels of barley (2.1, 1.2 and 1.7%) in each period respectively. Additional supplementation as lucerne chaff did not increase milk production (P>0.05). Increased concentrate supplementation did not alleviate the problem of low protein in milk produced by freshly calved Holstein-Friesian cows grazing tropical grass pasture in summer. Animal production for a consuming world : proceedings of 9th Congress of the Asian-Australasian Association of Animal Production Societies [AAAP] and 23rd Biennial Conference of the Australian Society of Animal Production [ASAP] and 17th Annual Symposium of the University of Sydney, Dairy Research Foundation, [DRF]. 2-7 July 2000, Sydney, Australia.

Complete genome sequence and integrated protein localization and interaction map for alfalfa dwarf virus, which combines properties of both cytoplasmic and nuclear plant rhabdoviruses

Summary We have determined the full-length 14,491-nucleotide genome sequence of a new plant rhabdovirus, alfalfa dwarf virus (ADV). Seven open reading frames (ORFs) were identified in the antigenomic orientation of the negative-sense, single-stranded viral RNA, in the order 3′-N-P-P3-M-G-P6-L-5′. The ORFs are separated by conserved intergenic regions and the genome coding region is flanked by complementary 3′ leader and 5′ trailer sequences. Phylogenetic analysis of the nucleoprotein amino acid sequence indicated that this alfalfa-infecting rhabdovirus is related to viruses in the genus Cytorhabdovirus. When transiently expressed as GFP fusions in Nicotiana benthamiana leaves, most ADV proteins accumulated in the cell periphery, but unexpectedly P protein was localized exclusively in the nucleus. ADV P protein was shown to have a homotypic, and heterotypic nuclear interactions with N, P3 and M proteins by bimolecular fluorescence complementation. ADV appears unique in that it combines properties of both cytoplasmic and nuclear plant rhabdoviruses.

Hay fever: An underappreciated and chronic disease

Allergic rhinitis continues to be a significant chronic disease that affects younger, usually healthier people, with considerable impacts on school performance and work productivity. Symptom-directed treatment is usually sufficient but specific immunotherapy should be considered in severely affected patients.

Adaptacion de cuatro lineas de alfalfa forrajera (Medicago sativa L.) a las condiciones climaticas de la Hacienda Las Mercedes, campo y vivero

Con el objeto de evaluar el comportamiento adaptativo de cuatro líneas de alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) en condiciones de campo y de vivero, se realizó un estudio en la Hacienda Las Mercedes, propiedad de la Universidad Nacional Agraria, ubicada en la ciudad de Managua Km 11 carretera norte, , entrada al CARNIC 2 km al lago. Teniendo su ubicación geográfica en un cuadrante con las siguientes coordenadas: 12°10'14"a 12"08'05" en latitud Norte y 86.10'22" a 86"09'44" longitud Oeste. El estudio se realizó en dos fuses 1) de campo y 2) en vivero. En ambos se determinó el grado de adaptación de cuatro líneas de alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.), tres procedentes de Texas-EE UU (8L418, 105916 y 9818) y una de Sébaco-Nicaragua (l3-A50) donde se ha establecido por más de tres años. El ensayo de campo se estableció en un área que anteriormente fue utilizada para la siembra de sorgo forrajero y el de vivero se realizó en el vivero de la UNA, en la misma finca. Se consideró cada una de las líneas como tratamiento. El Diseño experimental usado para ambas fases fue de bloques completos al azar (BCA), con 4 repeticiones. En campo con parcelas experimentales fueron de 4 m2 (2 m x 2 m), para un área total de 120m2 Se sembraron 6 surcos a una distancia de 30 cm entre surco y 14 plantas por surcos distanciados a 15 cm. Se realizó análisis de varianza utilizando programa SAS versión 99, cuando se encontró diferencias significativas o altamente significativas para tratamientos se realizaron pruebas de medias según Duncan. El terreno se preparó de forma convencional, con una chapea inicial, un paso de arado y gradeo de forma mecanizada, posteriormente se realizó la estructuración del diseño de campo. Las variables evaluadas según las condiciones de campo fueron: germinación, altura de la plantas, daños por plaga y enfermedades y ramificación, en las condiciones de vivero fueron: germinación, sobrevivencia, altura (cm), daños por plagas y enfermedades. Como resultado se obtuvo que 3 de las líneas presentaron buena germinación en condiciones de campo y vivero siendo la de mejor comportamiento la línea 13A-50 con un promedio del 97%. Para altura la línea 9818 presentó el mejor comportamiento en condiciones de campo con rangos de 48cm - 58 cm manteniendo superioridad durante el estudio en comparación con el resto de las líneas evaluadas. En daños por plagas la línea 8L418 la de menor afectación, y la más afectada fue la línea l3A-50. En daños por enfermedades la línea 9818 obtuvo los mayores daños en los niveles de moderado a muy grave y la línea l3A-50 fue la de menor incidencia. Todas las líneas presentaron una ramificación media de 30%, siendo la línea 105916 la de mejor comportamiento. En vivero la línea l3A-50 presentó la mejor altura. La línea 9818 fue la de mejor adaptabilidad en condiciones de campo, seguida de la línea BA-50. Pero en condiciones de vivero la línea 13A-50 fue la de mejor adaptabilidad, seguida de la línea 8L418.en resumen la línea l3A-50 fue la de mejor comportamiento adaptativo.

Hay autonomía municipal : el caso de la Provincia de Buenos Aires

"Luego de señalar los antecedentes hispánicos de la autonomía municipal en la historia argentina, el trabajo se ocupa de fundamentar esta autonomía a partir de la Constitución Nacional reformada en 1994 y en las correspondientes Constituciones Provinciales. Destaca que las provincias de Santa Fe, Mendoza y Buenos Aires no han consagrado todavía la autonomía municipal en sus textos constitucionales. Se plantean estos problemas: ¿Qué sucedería si un municipio de la Provincia de Buenos Aires dictara su propia carta orgánica? ¿Resultaría constitucional? ¿Constitucional respecto a qué texto constitucional? ¿Se podría, eventualmente, hablar de inconstitucionalidad por omisión en el caso de la Constitución de la Provincia de Buenos Aires en lo que se refiere a la autonomía municipal?"

La LLanada Oriental hace mil años. ¿Qué hay del crecimiento agrario altomedieval? Hábitat y paisajes agrarios (entre la imaginación y la lógica)

Congreso 750 aniversario de la fundación de la villa de Salvatierra. Ana de Begoña Azcárraga y Henrike Knörr Borras in memorian.

Más allá hay dragones: patrones arcaicos de representación en la imagen descriptiva utilizables en el ámbito de la terapia por el arte.

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