524 resultados para Alcoa Mineração
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This work aims to characterize the workers in mineral activities exposed to lung injuries in Parelhas Municipality, Rio Grande do Norte State, seeking to relate respiratory diseases to the mining activity. The studied area (Parelhas City), with about 19,700 inhabitants, is located in the Serido region, approximately 232 km far from Natal City. The number of people involved in informal mining activity (garimpo) in the Seridó region reaches about 5,000. These workers generally do not use any kind of individual protection equipments and develop, at early ages of greater productivity, severe forms of diseases, which end up disabling them to professional activities, family and social life. Deceases by respiratory problems (e.g. silicosis) have been reported in very young adults. A descriptive observational study was conducted based on information from the records found in Dr. José Augusto Dantas Hospital, between the years 1996- 2006. The occupational and socio-economic features of the population, which was selected by using the hospital records, were achieved through individually answered forms. The purpose was to link the occupational activities with the respiratory diseases. The next stage of the research was an observational case-control study, in the 1:1 proportion. The achieved data allowed confirming the central hypothesis of the research, which states that the pneumoconiosis cases are due to the mineral-based activities in the studied area. The final step of the investigation tried to assess the knowledge of relatives of students in public and private elementary and high schools from Parelhas City, regarding silicosis. About 15.4% of urban schools were analyzed through application of a structured questionnaire. The results show distinct socio-economic levels and a difference in the perception of the relatives of students in public and private schools, concerning silicosis. It was possible to identify the characteristics of the population economically involved with mineral-based activities and to define the group that deserves preferential attention in preventive actions. The work indicates some environmental problems caused by inadequate mining operations in the region
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The working conditions, occupational health, occupational illness and workers quality of life, usually referring to the artisanal activities and the workers with a poor professional support. Because this reality is still present in locals without good infrastructure of social and economic attention, there is a need for a broad knowledge of problems related to the productive processes that include features of unsanitary and unhealthy. Despite the intense process of industrialization promoted by globalization and the growth of developing nations like Brazil, the activities of artisanal and small-scale mining are still suffering from the marginalization of their production processes and their workers. This dissertation deals with the description of mineral-based activities (MBA), especially the activities related to production processes of extraction and processing of red pottery and minerals in pegmatites in Parelhas city, Seridó, Rio Grande do Norte, which are conducted by small mining companies or artisanal miners. The study of the work process was based on direct observation, photographic documentation, ergonomics, health and occupational safety analysis, interviews and structured questionnaire with workers of the two activities. The results indicate the need for improvement in both workplaces (red pottery and pegmatites), adaptation of workers to safety standards specific to the workplace, more attention and care related to ergonomics and occupational safety, greater importance to economic and social relations among performed activities, workers and firms of mineral branch and better and greater integration of social policies, supported by different sectors of society with the intention of transforming the current social, cultural, labor and education situation
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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
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Para o rápido crescimento de mudas de bananeiras produzidas por micropropagação é necessário a utilização de substratos com adequadas características físicas, químicas e biológicas. Objetivou-se avaliar os atributos químicos e físicos de diferentes substratos contendo resíduo de mineração de areia e seu efeito sobre o desenvolvimento de mudas micropropagadas de bananeira 'Grande Naine', dispostos em delineamento em blocos ao acaso, com sete substratos e quatro repetições. Os materiais utilizados foram: resíduo de mineração de areia (RMA), Rendimax Floreira® (RF®) e casca de arroz carbonizada (CAC), com os quais se formulou os substratos: S1-100%RMA; S2-50% RMA:50% RF®; S3-50% RMA:50% CAC; S4-50% CAC:50% RF®; S5-25% RMA:37,5% CAC:37,5% RF®; S6-50% RMA:25% CAC:25% RF®; S7-75% RMA:12,5% CAC:12,5% RF®. Amostras dos materiais e dos substratos foram separadas para análises químicas e físicas. Noventa e oito dias após o transplante avaliou-se a altura, o diâmetro do colo, o número de folhas e a massa da matéria seca da parte área e das raízes das plantas. Os pHs dos substratos se encontraram na faixa adequada para o cultivo de plantas em recipientes. A CE diminuiu à medida que se aumentou a dose de RMA nos substratos. Os substratos S2, S6 e o RF® apresentaram resultados superiores para a densidade seca. Os substratos S2, S4, S5, S6 e S7 forneceram plantas superiores em altura e diâmetro do colo e, acrescidos do substrato S1, forneceram plantas superiores também no número de folhas e massa de matéria seca da parte aérea. Conclui-se que o RMA pode ser recomendado para a aclimatização de mudas micropropagadas de bananeira 'Grande Naine', desde que usado em mistura com outros materiais ou substratos, com limite máximo de 75% de inclusão.
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Historicamente a convivência entre a mineração e a população sempre foi problemática, com prejuízos enormes para esta última, que, por problemas da falta de moradia, tem de conviver com a degradação do meio ambiente ao seu redor, como a poluição através da poeira, ruído e vibração. Esse trabalho, com dados coletados na mina subterrânea de carvão Trevo, na região carbonífera de Santa Catarina, coloca em evidência a necessidade da integração Empresa x Comunidade, no sentido da melhoria das técnicas de mineração e do meio ambiente, visando a uma convivência pacífica e tendo como um dos seus principais resultados alertar e despertar a consciência da Empresa ante aos reclamos da comunidade, demonstrando-se com dados, o perigo decorrente do planejamento de uma lavra sem levar em conta as habitações em superfície.
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Instrumento de política pública ligado ao licenciamento ambiental prévio de projetos de empreendimentos potencialmente degradadores do ambiente, a Avaliação de Impacto Ambiental (AIA), atualmente, apresenta algumas inconsistências. Dentre elas, autores registram a disparidade no que se refere à indicação e à efetiva implantação das medidas de controle ambiental estabelecidas nos EIA/RIMAs. Diante disso, o presente trabalho analisa a implantação das medidas mitigadoras estabelecidas para empreendimentos minerais licenciados pela Fundação Estadual do Meio Ambiente (FEAM) do Estado de Minas Gerais, para a região do Quadrilátero Ferrífero. No estudo, constata-se que intervenções ambientais são hoje partes integrantes dos projetos minerais; porém, como na mineração a operação impõe certo dinamismo ao empreendimento, verifica-se que parte das medidas mitigadoras apontadas no EIA acaba não sendo executada, como o previsto e o aprovado na fase da Licença Prévia (LP), enquanto outras apenas ficam listadas como propostas de mitigação de impactos, deixando de ser efetivamente executadas.
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Generally, mining causes significant impact over the environment, since this activity often involves suppression of vegetation, soil exposure and erosion resulting in important changes in the quantity and quality of surface and ground-waters and in air pollution, among other negative effects. The prevention and mitigation of these impacts in the State of Sao Paulo are made through the environmental licensing. Another way of environmental management includes programs like mining and environmental zoning and regional mining director plans. But there is clear dissociation between the actions effectively taken and those recommended in the projects, limiting the recovery of degraded areas to measures that only attenuate the visual impact. this paper presents considerations on the subject and challenges of the industry to adapt to the Federal Constitution and the National Policy on Environment.
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The aim of this paper is to present the effects of social impacts of Petrobras/Six mining of oil shales over the rural community Dois Irmãos, located at Sao Mateus do Sul city, Paraná state. For making mining areas, PETROBRAS/SIX needs to expropriate areas of its interest. In 2010, for the implementation of the mine Dois Irmão, the last one, 90 families were evicted and they directly suffered the impacts of mining. Of these, 62 families were interviewed in order to investigate the main effects suffered with the expropriation. These results showed that the community had difficulties in upgrading its way of life in new places, experiencing how different types of problems were triggered from the loss of the lands.
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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)
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Pós-graduação em Geografia - FCT
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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)