Association of ABO blood group and Plasmodium falciparum malaria among Children in the Federal Capital Territory, Nigeria

The ABO and Rhesus blood group systems are very important clinical tools that are commonly used in blood transfusion and their associations with various disease conditions have been widely reported. This study investigated the distribution of these blood group systems and assessed the association of malaria infection with the ABO blood groups among children in Federal Capital Territory, Abuja. Blood specimens from deep finger pricks of 730 children aged between 0-2 years were examined for malaria parasites using Field stains method. ABO and Rhesus blood group antigens tests were also performed using standard tile protocols. Of all the children admitted into the study, 445 were sick while 285 were apparently healthy. The prevalence of malaria parasites was significantly higher (P = 0.00047) among the sick children (69.8%) than the apparently healthy children (30.2%). The most prevalent blood group was O (55.7%) and the Rhesus D antigen was positive for 98.4% of all the children. The prevalence of blood group B among the sick children was significantly lower (P = 0.00373) than the other blood group types. There is no association between malaria infection and ABO blood groups but the prevalence of higher malaria parasite density was significantly greater (P = 0.0404) in children with blood group A (7.7%). In conclusion, blood group O was the most prevalent blood group in the study and children with blood group A appeared to be more susceptible to higher level of malaria parasitemia.

Innate Immunity in Lobsters: Partial Purification and Characterization of a Panulirus cygnus Anti-A Lectin

A lectin detected in haemolymph from the Australian spiny lobster Panulirus cygnus agglutinated human ABO Group A cells to a higher titre than Group O or B. The lectin also agglutinated rat and sheep erythrocytes, with reactivity with rat erythrocytes strongly enhanced by treatment with the proteolytic enzyme papain, an observation consistent with reactivity via a glycolipid. The lectin, purified by affinity chromatography on fixed rat-erythrocyte stroma, was inhibited equally by N-acetylglucosamine and N-acetylgalactosamine. Comparison of data from gel filtration of haemolymph (behaving as a 1,800,000 Da macromolecule), and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of purified lectin (a single 67,000 Da band), suggested that in haemolymph the lecin was a multimer. The purified anti-A lectin autoprecipitated unless the storage solution contained chaotropic inhibitors (125 mmol/L sucrose: 500 mmol/L urea). The properties of this anti-A lectin and other similar lectins are consistent with a role in innate immunity in these invertebrates.

Packed red blood cells suppress myeloid dendritic cell and monocyte inflammatory responses in a whole blood model of transfusion

Purpose/Objective: The basis for poor outcomes in some patients post transfusion remains largely unknown. Despite leukodepletion, there is still evidence of immunomodulatory effects of transfusion that require further study. In addition, there is evidence that the age of blood components transfused significantly affects patient outcomes. Myeloid dendritic cell (DC) and monocyte immune function were studied utilising an in vitro whole blood model of transfusion. Materials and methods: Freshly collected (‘recipient’) whole blood was cultured with ABO compatible leukodepleted PRBC at 25% blood replacement-volume (6hrs). PRBC were assayed at [Day (D) 2, 14, 28and 42 (date-of expiry)]. In parallel, LPS or Zymosan (Zy) were added to mimic infection. Recipients were maintained for the duration of the time course (2 recipients, 4 PRBC units, n = 8).Recipient DC and monocyte intracellular cytokines and chemokines (IL-6, IL-10, IL-12,TNF-a, IL-1a, IL-8, IP-10, MIP-1a, MIP-1b, MCP-1) were measured using flow cytometry. Changes in immune response were calculated by comparison to a parallel no transfusion control (Wilcoxin matched pairs). Influence of storage age was calculated using ANOVA. Results: Significant suppression of DC and monocyte inflammatory responses were evident. DC and monocyte production of IL-1a was reduced following exposure to PRBC regardless of storage age (P < 0.05 at all time points). Storage independent PRBC mediated suppression of DC and monocyte IL-1a was also evident in cultures costimulated with Zy. In cultures co-stimulated with either LPS or Zy, significant suppression of DC and monocyte TNF-a and IL-6 was also evident. PRBC storage attenuated monocyte TNF-a production when co-cultured with LPS (P < 0.01 ANOVA). DC and monocyte production of MIP-1a was significantly reduced following exposure to PRBC (DC: P < 0.05 at D2, 28, 42; Monocyte P < 0.05 all time points). In cultures co-stimulated with LPS and zymosan, a similar suppression of MIP-1a production was also evident, and production of both DC and monocyte MIP-1b and IP-10 were also significantly reduced. Conclusions: The complexity of the transfusion context was reflected in the whole blood approach utilised. Significant suppression of these key DC and monocyte immune responses may contribute to patient outcomes, such as increased risk of infection and longer hospital stay, following blood transfusion.

NTRUCCA : how to strengthen NTRUEncrypt to chosen-ciphertext security in the standard model

NTRUEncrypt is a fast and practical lattice-based public-key encryption scheme, which has been standardized by IEEE, but until recently, its security analysis relied only on heuristic arguments. Recently, Stehlé and Steinfeld showed that a slight variant (that we call pNE) could be proven to be secure under chosen-plaintext attack (IND-CPA), assuming the hardness of worst-case problems in ideal lattices. We present a variant of pNE called NTRUCCA, that is IND-CCA2 secure in the standard model assuming the hardness of worst-case problems in ideal lattices, and only incurs a constant factor overhead in ciphertext and key length over the pNE scheme. To our knowledge, our result gives the first IND-CCA2 secure variant of NTRUEncrypt in the standard model, based on standard cryptographic assumptions. As an intermediate step, we present a construction for an All-But-One (ABO) lossy trapdoor function from pNE, which may be of independent interest. Our scheme uses the lossy trapdoor function framework of Peikert and Waters, which we generalize to the case of (k − 1)-of-k-correlated input distributions.

Novel loci affecting iron homeostasis and their effects in individuals at risk for hemochromatosis

Variation in body iron is associated with or causes diseases, including anaemia and iron overload. Here, we analyse genetic association data on biochemical markers of iron status from 11 European-population studies, with replication in eight additional cohorts (total up to 48,972 subjects). We find 11 genome-wide-significant (P<5 × 10−8) loci, some including known iron-related genes (​HFE, ​SLC40A1, ​TF, ​TFR2, ​TFRC, ​TMPRSS6) and others novel (​ABO, ​ARNTL, ​FADS2, ​NAT2, ​TEX14). SNPs at ​ARNTL, ​TF, and ​TFR2 affect iron markers in ​HFE C282Y homozygotes at risk for hemochromatosis. There is substantial overlap between our iron loci and loci affecting erythrocyte and lipid phenotypes. These results will facilitate investigation of the roles of iron in disease.

Influence of Geometrical Factors on the Physico-Chemical Properties of Perovskite and Layered Perovskite Oxides

A brief qualitative comparison is made of perovskite ABO sub 3 and layered perovskite ABO sub 3 and layered perovskite A sub 2 BO sub 4 oxides with special emphasis on the influence of geometrical factors on certain physico-chemical properties. The layered perovskite oxides are distinguished from three-dimensional oxides by a looser packing, frustration in three-dimensional interactions, more internal pressure on B--O bonds for small tolerance factors, and by different values of site-percolation thresholds. Their influence on electronic configurations of metal ions, stabilities and syntheses of compounds is discussed. The influence of increased anisotropy in layered oxides on localisation of charge carriers and in suppressing the onset of long-range ferromagnetic ordering is also discussed.

Wet chemical syntheses of ultrafine multicomponent ceramic powders through gel to crystallite conversion

Coarse (BOn/2)-O-n+/xH(2)O (10ABO, perovskites and their solid solutions, polytitanates, hexaferrites and related phases, aluminates with spinel or tridymite structure and chromates. The nanosized crystallites are often in metastable phases, such as cubic BaTiO3 at room temperature or superparamagnetic hexaferrites. Through the same route, luminescent phosphors of aluminates doped with rare-earth metals could be prepared. The present results indicate the general features of the gel-crystallite (G-C) conversion involving the instability of the metal hydroxide gel brought about by the disruption of the ionic pressure in the gel as a result of the faster diffusion of A(2+) ions through the solvent cavities within the gel frame work. This is accompanied by the splitting of the bridging groups like B-(OH)-B or B-O-B, leading to the breakdown of the gel into crystallites. G-C conversion has advantages as a method of synthesis of ceramics in terms of operational cost and procedural simplicity.

Effect of neodymium (Nd) doping on the dielectric and ferroelectric characteristics of sol-gel derived lead zirconate titanate (53/47) thin films

The results of the studies on the effect of rare earth Nd doping on the phase formation behavior and electrical properties of sol-gel derived Pb-1.05(Zr0.53Ti0.47)O-3 (PZT) thin films are presented. The perovskite phase is obtained up to 5 at. % doping and beyond that pyrochlore phase was found to coexist with the perovskite phase in all the films. The transition temperature of undoped lead zirconate titanate (PZT) film was found to be reduced with Nd doping. The Nd doped films also exhibited typical relaxor-type behavior and a diffuse phase transition, similar to that observed in relaxor materials. The introduction of Nd into the PZT lattice probably introduces disorder in the B site of ABO(3) lattice, which causes the observed dielectric relaxation. Efforts were made to isolate the irreversible component contributions in low field dielectric and high field polarization switching behavior. (C) 2001 American Institute of Physics.

Síntesis y caracterización de perovskitas LaCoO3 y LaMnO3 para la oxidación de NO a NO2

Las perovskitas con fórmula general ABO(3) son una alternativa prometedora a los catalizadores convencionales basados en metales nobles para la reducción de contaminantes procedentes de motores diésel, debido a su bajo coste, excelentes propiedades redox y alta durabilidad. En este trabajo se sintetizarán las perovskitas LaCoO3 y LaMnO3, por el método del ácido cítrico. Las muestras preparadas serán caracterizadas por técnicas como XRD, BET, H2-TPR y SEM. Se analizará su actividad en la reacción de oxidación de NO a NO(2).

A criação da Associação Brasileira de Obstetrizes e Enfermeiros Obstetras (ABENFO) e sua participação no Movimento de Humanização do Parto e Nascimento (1989-2002)

Este estudo, de natureza histórico-social, tem como objeto a criação da Associação Brasileira de Obstetrizes e Enfermeiros Obstetras (ABENFO) e suas estratégias no Movimento de Humanização do Parto e Nascimento Brasileiro (1989-2002). A delimitação temporal do estudo abrange o período de 1989 a 2002. Os objetivos da pesquisa são: analisar a transição da Associação Brasileira de Obstetrizes (ABO) para Associação Brasileira de Obstetrizes e Enfermeiros Obstetras (ABENFO); analisar as estratégias elaboradas pela ABENFO para a atualização do habitus das agentes; analisar o fortalecimento do Movimento de Humanização do Parto e Nascimento empreendido pela ABENFO. O estudo apoia-se teoricamente nos conceitos desenvolvidos pelo sociólogo Pierre Bourdieu e utilizou o método da história oral temática. Na análise, houve a articulação de documentos escritos e depoimentos orais à luz do referencial teórico. Os resultados da pesquisa evidenciam que, no processo de surgimento da ABENFO, houve um período de aproximações de agentes que durou aproximadamente 15 anos. A primeira aproximação foi entre parteiras/obstetrizes e as enfermeiras no campo sindical; a segunda aproximação de agentes, desta vez pelo habitus profissional, foi de enfermeiras de saúde pública e enfermeiras obstétricas no campo hospitalar e científico; e a terceira aproximação foi entre as parteiras/obstetrizes com as enfermeiras obstétricas. Após essas aproximações, a enfermeira obstétrica assumiu a diretoria provisória da ABO, realizando, em seguida, a transição para a ABENFO. Após a transição, a ABENFO nacional consolidou-se como representante das enfermeiras obstétricas e obstetrizes. Em seguida, foi necessário criar estratégias para atualizar o habitus das agentes, tais como: Estratégias de fortalecimento da Associação no campo político da Enfermagem e da Saúde da Mulher; Estratégias de ampliação da sua representação nacional entre enfermeiras obstétricas; Estratégias para divulgação do capital social da ABENFO. Dentre as estratégias de divulgação, aconteceram três Congressos Brasileiros de Enfermagem Obstétrica e Neonatal (COBEONS) que fortaleceram o Movimento de Humanização do Parto e Nascimento, pois neste espaço circulou o capital sociocultural do movimento social entre as associadas, levando aos mesmos uma atualização do seu habitus, e, por outro lado, fortalecendo o Movimento por meio do reconhecimento. Portanto, o fortalecimento do processo de humanização do parto e nascimento brasileiro confirmou a hipótese de que a criação da ABENFO possibilitou a elaboração de estratégias que impulsionaram a atualização do habitus das agentes. Este estudo foi esclarecedor, na medida em que favoreceu a compreensão das circunstâncias de criação da ABENFO e sua participação como a única representante das enfermeiras obstétricas e obstetrizes no Movimento de Humanização do Parto e Nascimento, além de demonstrar o quanto estas agentes contribuíram para a sua consolidação.

Prolonged cardiac allograft survival in presensitized rats after a high activity Yunnan-cobra venom factor therapy

Complement-dependent antibody-mediated acute humoral rejection is the major obstacle of clinical transplantation across ABO incompatibility and human leukocyte antigen presensitization. We previously demonstrated that Yunnan-cobra venom factor (Y-CVF) cou

卡式微柱凝胶法在猴血型鉴定中的应用

下载PDF阅读器灵长类动物的ABO血型抗原都表达在组织器官内,而不是在红细胞上,这给灵长类动物血型的鉴定带来很大的困难.为找到更加简捷、准确鉴定灵长类动物类人ABO血型的方法,采用近年来临床上广泛应用的卡式微柱凝胶正、反定型法对34只猕猴和16只食蟹猴的血型进行了鉴定,并与肾组织免疫组化法的检测结果进行比较.结果显示:卡式微柱凝胶正定型法的检测结果中无一例为阳性结果;血浆中的纤维蛋白原和人-猴种属间非特异性抗体都会对卡式微柱凝胶反定型法的部分检测结果产生干扰;采用经正常人O型红细胞吸附处理后的清亮血清,卡式微柱凝胶反定型法的检测结果明确,与免疫组化法判定结果一致.由此得出:卡式微柱凝胶反定型法可以用于灵长类动物血型的鉴定,其主要干扰因素为血浆内的纤维蛋白原和人-猴种属间非特异性抗体,在采用清亮血清及经正常人O型红细胞吸附处理后能消除其干扰.

红鲫血型的血清学研究

运用经典血清学方法首次在红鯽中证明了一种与金枪鱼中的A-B-O血型及人类的ABO血型模式相似的红细胞抗原系统,命名为S血型系统。该系统有四种血型表型:S~1,S~2,S~2S~2和S~0,推测它由S~1、S~2和S~0三个复等位基因决定。