"She Was Not Even Normal": Unreliable Narratives of Female Insanity in Jane Eyre, Rebecca, and Wide Sargasso Sea

In my thesis, I interrogate narrative reliability related to depictions of female insanity in Jane Eyre, Rebecca, and Wide Sargasso Sea. By subjecting the trustworthiness of her storytelling to criticism, especially as regards the concealed madwoman, Bertha Mason, Jane's narration is revealed as unstable, offering problematic insight into a character long considered unflinchingly honest. In du Maurier's later literary adaptation of Jane Eyre, Bertha's parallel character, the eponymous Rebecca, comes to the fore, while the novel's unnamed narrator remains in the shadows, and bases much of her storytelling upon hearsay, rather than the "autobiography" of Jane Eyre. The most transparent narrative voice, however, is Antoinette, the main character of Wide Sargasso Sea, the 1966 prequel to Jane Eyre. Despite her madness, Antoinette's narration makes no attempt at dissemblance, speaking forthrightly about her marriage and experience, proving a truthful narrator and openly rejecting the marginal status the earlier narrators try desperately to hide.

Transmembrane tumor necrosis factor is a potent inducer of colitis even in the absence of its secreted form

Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) is cleaved proteolytically from a 26-kilodalton transmembrane precursor protein into secreted 17-kilodalton monomers. Transmembrane (tm) and secreted trimeric TNF are biologically active and may mediate distinct activities. We assessed the consequences of a complete inhibition of TNF processing on the course of colitis in recombination activating gene (RAG)2 -/- mice on transfer of CD4 CD45RB hi T cells.

Balance theory in eWOM: Even if you red-flag this product, I like it, as I dislike you

In eWOM the relationship between the consumer and the reviewer is weak. Still, the present study argues that social information, for example the reviewer`s user picture, influences the product evaluation. By applying balance theory we predict that the evaluation of the recommended product is a function of the induced attitude towards the reviewer and the valence of the review. By utilizing either positive or negative user pictures and either positive or negative reviews, we confirmed the hypothesized interaction. Consumers rated a negatively reviewed product more favorable when the reviewer used a negative user picture, compared to a positive user picture.

Migration background is associated with caries in Viennese school children, even if parents have received a higher education.

BACKGROUND A low level of education and the migration background of parents are associated with the development of caries in children. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether a higher educational level of parents can overcome risks for the development of caries in immigrants in Vienna, Austria. METHODS The educational level of the parents, the school type, and the caries status of 736 randomly selected twelve-year-old children with and without migration background was determined in this cross sectional study. In children attending school in Vienna the decayed, missing, and filled teeth (DMFT) index was determined. For statistical analysis, a mixed negative-binomial-model was used. RESULTS The caries status of the children with migration background was significantly worse compared to that of the native Viennese population. A significant interaction was found between migration background and the educational level of the parents (p = 0.045). No interaction was found between the school type and either the migration background (p = 0.220) or the education level of the parents (p = 0.08). In parents with a higher scholarly education level, migration background (p < 0.01) and school type (p = 0.018) showed an association with DMFT values. In parents with a low education level, however, migration background and school type had no significant association with DMFT values. CONCLUSION These data indicate that children with a migration background are at higher risk to acquire caries than other Viennese children, even when the parents have received a higher education.

Hypoglycemia despite hyperglycemia. Is a cerebral glucose deficiency possible even with raised blood sugar levels?

Hypoglycemia represents the most frequent endocrinologic emergency situation in prehospital patient care. As the patients are usually unconscious on arrival of emergency medical personnel, often the only way to establish a diagnosis is by determination of the blood glucose concentration. However, even normoglycemic or hyperglycemic levels cannot definitively exclude the diagnosis of a previous hypoglycemia as the cause of the acute cerebral deficiency. Therefore, and especially in the case of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, a differential diagnosis should be considered. We report a case of emergency treatment of a hypoglycemic episode in a female patient with prolonged neuroglycopenia together with cerebrovascular dementia and Alzheimer's disease.

Sēfer derek hay-yāšār : pērûš le-sēfer even bôḥān ...

hoṭ man eś nur in daiṭšn ... nai'i heroizgigebin ʿal-yedê ... Michl Šṭerin

Sēfer Qiṣṣûr Even Šelōmō : ... fil divre musar un hoiche injenim arois ginumen fun sefer Even Šelōmō ...

Digitalisat der Ausg. Wilna, [1875/76]

Sēfer Even Yiśrā'ēl : melammēd daʿat le-āv û-ven ...

mē-... Yaʿaqōv Yôsēf Ben- ... Mē'îr Sôfēr ... mim-medînat Elzus

Adenocarcinomas of the upper third of the rectum and the rectosigmoid junction seem to have similar prognosis as colon cancers even without radiotherapy, SAKK 40/78

Purpose To investigate the prognosis of adenocarcinomas of the upper third of the rectum and the rectosigmoid-junction without radiotherapy. Methods Patients from a multicenter randomized controlled trial from 1987–1993 on adjuvant chemotherapy for R0-resected colorectal cancers with stage I–III disease were retrospectively allocated: cancers of the lower two-thirds of the rectum (11 cm or less from anal-verge, Group A, n = 205), of the upper-third of the rectum and rectosigmoid-junction (>11–20 cm from anal-verge, Group B, n = 142), and of the colon (>20 cm from anal-verge, Group C, n = 378). The total mesorectal excision (TME) technique had not been introduced yet. The adjuvant chemotherapy turned out to be ineffective. None of the patients received neoadjuvant or adjuvant radiotherapy. Results The patients had a regular follow-up (median, 8.0 years). The 5-year disease-free survival (DFS) rate was 0.54 (95%CI, 0.47–0.60) in Group A, 0.68 (95%CI, 0.60–0.75) in Group B, and 0.69 (95%CI, 0.64–0.74) in Group C. The 5-year overall survival (OS) rate was 0.64 (95%CI, 0.57–0.71) in Group A, 0.79 (95%CI, 0.71–0.85) in Group B, and 0.77 (95%CI, 0.73–0.81) in Group C. Compared with Group C, patients in Group A had a significantly worse OS (hazard ratio [HR] for death 2.10) and a worse DFS (HR for relapse/death 1.93), while patients in Group B had a similar OS (HR 1.12) and DFS (HR 1.07). Conclusions Adenocarcinomas of the upper third of the rectum and the rectosigmoid-junction seem to have similar prognosis as colon cancers. Even for surgeons not familiar with the TME technique, preoperative radiotherapy may be avoided for most rectosigmoid cancers above 11 cm from anal-verge.