Spectral Analysis Related to Bare-Metal and Drug-Eluting Coronary Stent Implantation

Background: The autonomic nervous system plays a central role in cardiovascular regulation; sympathetic activation occurs during myocardial ischemia. Objective: To assess the spectral analysis of heart rate variability during stent implantation, comparing the types of stent. Methods: This study assessed 61 patients (mean age, 64.0 years; 35 men) with ischemic heart disease and indication for stenting. Stent implantation was performed under Holter monitoring to record the spectral analysis of heart rate variability (Fourier transform), measuring the low-frequency (LF) and high-frequency (HF) components, and the LF/HF ratio before and during the procedure. Results: Bare-metal stent was implanted in 34 patients, while the others received drug-eluting stents. The right coronary artery was approached in 21 patients, the left anterior descending, in 28, and the circumflex, in 9. As compared with the pre-stenting period, all patients showed an increase in LF and HF during stent implantation (658 versus 185 ms2, p = 0.00; 322 versus 121, p = 0.00, respectively), with no change in LF/HF. During stent implantation, LF was 864 ms2 in patients with bare-metal stents, and 398 ms2 in those with drug-eluting stents (p = 0.00). The spectral analysis of heart rate variability showed no association with diabetes mellitus, family history, clinical presentation, beta-blockers, age, and vessel or its segment. Conclusions: Stent implantation resulted in concomitant sympathetic and vagal activations. Diabetes mellitus, use of beta-blockers, and the vessel approached showed no influence on the spectral analysis of heart rate variability. Sympathetic activation was lower during the implantation of drug-eluting stents.

Mechanisms of contextual fear memory generalization

Magdeburg, Univ., Fak. für Naturwiss., Diss., 2013

Mindestzündenergie von Staubgemischen

Die Mindestzündenergie ist als sicherheitstechnische Kenngröße zur Bewertung der Gefährlichkeit von brennbaren Stäuben unerlässlich. Durch wissenschaftliche Grundlagenforschung in den 70er und 80er Jahren des letzten Jahrhunderts wurden die Einflussgrößen der Mindestzündenergie eingehend erforscht. Diese Forschungen sowie die Entwicklung immer genauerer Testapparaturen in den letzten 20 Jahren trugen dazu bei, die Mindestzündenergie immer besser bestimmen zu können. Dank genormter Messverfahren ist es heute ohne Probleme möglich Messergebnisse reproduzierbar zu ermitteln. Die Mindestzündenergie wird häufig zur Durchführung der Explosionsschutzmaßnahmen „Vermeidung wirksamer Zündquellen“ herangezogen. Dabei wird versucht, alle Energien zu verhindern, welche ausreichen, um ein mögliches Staub/Luft-Gemisch zu entzünden. Zur Anwendung dieser Maßnahme ist die Kenntnis der Mindestzündenergie des Staub/Luft-Gemisches notwendig. Ausschlaggebend ist dabei die kleinste Mindestzündenergie der vorhandenen Stäube. In der Praxis treten Stäube in reiner Form jedoch eher selten auf. Häufiger sind Gemische aus verschiedenen Stäuben anzutreffen. Untersuchungen zur Bestimmung der Mindestzündenergie von Staubgemischen sind bisher nicht bekannt. Diese Arbeit soll zur Entwicklung einer Formel beitragen, die es ermöglicht aus der Kenntnis des Mischungsverhältnisses einer Staubmischung sowie der einzelnen Mindestzündenergien der beteiligten Stäube, die Mindestzündenergie des Staubgemisches zu bestimmen.

Arme Kinder, armes Deutschland : Kinderarmut und ihre Folgen

[s.c.]

Practical Aspects of Genetic Algorithms’ Implementation in Life Cycle Management of Electrotechnical Equipment

Some practical aspects of Genetic algorithms’ implementation regarding to life cycle management of electrotechnical equipment are considered.

effect of the extracellular environment on the composition and function of synapses

Otto-von-Guericke-Universität magdeburg, Fakultät für Naturwissenschaften, Dissertation, 2015

Estrutura da comunidade de Phlebotominae (Diptera, Psychodidae) em mata ciliar do município de Urbano Santos, Maranhão, Brasil

A diversidade, abundância relativa e a distribuição de Phlebotominae foram estudadas em três setores (bordas e centro) de um fragmento de mata ciliar no município de Urbano Santos, Maranhão, Brasil. Os espécimes foram capturados em junho e novembro/2003 e em janeiro e março/2004 das 18 às 6 horas. Em cada noite de coleta foram instaladas 18 armadilhas, seis em cada setor da mata, totalizando um esforço de 864 horas. Foram encontradas 17 espécies. O centro do fragmento obteve a maior riqueza de espécies (14), seguido da borda B (13) e da borda A (12). As espécies Lutzomyia infraspinosa (Mangabeira, 1941), L. flaviscutellata (Mangabeira, 1942) e L. evandroi (Costa Lima & Antunes, 1936) foram as únicas que apareceram como dominantes nos três setores da mata. Quatorze espécies ocorreram em ambas estações, sendo que L. fluviatilis (Floch & Abonnenc, 1944) foi encontrada apenas na estação chuvosa (janeiro e março) e L. migonei (França, 1920) e L. pinottii (Damasceno & Arouck, 1956) apenas na estação seca (junho e novembro). As diferenças registradas na abundância de indivíduos entre as estações não foram estatisticamente significativas. A presença frequente de L. flaviscutellata pode explicar um caso de leishmaniose cutânea difusa em uma paciente deste município.

Structured RNAs in the ENCODE selected regions of the human genome.

Functional RNA structures play an important role both in the context of noncoding RNA transcripts as well as regulatory elements in mRNAs. Here we present a computational study to detect functional RNA structures within the ENCODE regions of the human genome. Since structural RNAs in general lack characteristic signals in primary sequence, comparative approaches evaluating evolutionary conservation of structures are most promising. We have used three recently introduced programs based on either phylogenetic-stochastic context-free grammar (EvoFold) or energy directed folding (RNAz and AlifoldZ), yielding several thousand candidate structures (corresponding to approximately 2.7% of the ENCODE regions). EvoFold has its highest sensitivity in highly conserved and relatively AU-rich regions, while RNAz favors slightly GC-rich regions, resulting in a relatively small overlap between methods. Comparison with the GENCODE annotation points to functional RNAs in all genomic contexts, with a slightly increased density in 3'-UTRs. While we estimate a significant false discovery rate of approximately 50%-70% many of the predictions can be further substantiated by additional criteria: 248 loci are predicted by both RNAz and EvoFold, and an additional 239 RNAz or EvoFold predictions are supported by the (more stringent) AlifoldZ algorithm. Five hundred seventy RNAz structure predictions fall into regions that show signs of selection pressure also on the sequence level (i.e., conserved elements). More than 700 predictions overlap with noncoding transcripts detected by oligonucleotide tiling arrays. One hundred seventy-five selected candidates were tested by RT-PCR in six tissues, and expression could be verified in 43 cases (24.6%).

Structured and unstructured continuous models for Wolbachia infections

We introduce and investigate a series of models for an infection of a diplodiploid host species by the bacterial endosymbiont Wolbachia. The continuous models are characterized by partial vertical transmission, cytoplasmic incompatibility and fitness costs associated with the infection. A particular aspect of interest is competitions between mutually incompatible strains. We further introduce an age-structured model that takes into account different fertility and mortality rates at different stages of the life cycle of the individuals. With only a few parameters, the ordinary differential equation models exhibit already interesting dynamics and can be used to predict criteria under which a strain of bacteria is able to invade a population. Interestingly, but not surprisingly, the age-structured model shows significant differences concerning the existence and stability of equilibrium solutions compared to the unstructured model.

A role for clock genes in sleep homeostasis.

The timing and quality of both sleep and wakefulness are thought to be regulated by the interaction of two processes. One of these two processes keeps track of the prior sleep-wake history and controls the homeostatic need for sleep while the other sets the time-of-day that sleep preferably occurs. The molecular pathways underlying the latter, circadian process have been studied in detail and their key role in physiological time-keeping has been well established. Analyses of sleep in mice and flies lacking core circadian clock gene proteins have demonstrated, however, that besides disrupting circadian rhythms, also sleep homeostatic processes were affected. Subsequent studies revealed that sleep loss alters both the mRNA levels and the specific DNA-binding of the key circadian transcriptional regulators to their target sequences in the mouse brain. The fact that sleep loss impinges on the very core of the molecular circadian circuitry might explain why both inadequate sleep and disrupted circadian rhythms can similarly lead to metabolic pathology. The evidence for a role for clock genes in sleep homeostasis will be reviewed here.

Pseudomarkets with priorities in large random assignment economies

I study large random assignment economies with a continuum of agents and a finite number of object types. I consider the existence of weak priorities discriminating among agents with respect to their rights concerning the final assignment. The respect for priorities ex ante (ex-ante stability) usually precludes ex-ante envy-freeness. Therefore I define a new concept of fairness, called no unjustified lower chances: priorities with respect to one object type cannot justify different achievable chances regarding another object type. This concept, which applies to the assignment mechanism rather than to the assignment itself, implies ex-ante envy-freeness among agents of the same priority type. I propose a variation of Hylland and Zeckhauser' (1979) pseudomarket that meets ex-ante stability, no unjustified lower chances and ex-ante efficiency among agents of the same priority type. Assuming enough richness in preferences and priorities, the converse is also true: any random assignment with these properties could be achieved through an equilibrium in a pseudomarket with priorities. If priorities are acyclical (the ordering of agents is the same for each object type), this pseudomarket achieves ex-ante efficient random assignments.

Fission yeast: in shape to divide.

How are cell morphogenesis and cell cycle coordinated? The fission yeast is a rod-shaped unicellular organism widely used to study how a cell self-organizes in space and time. Here, we discuss recent advances in understanding how the cell acquires and maintains its regular rod shape and uses it to control cell division. The cellular body plan is established by microtubules, which mark antipodal growth zones and medial division. In turn, cellular dimensions are defined by the small GTPase Cdc42 and downstream regulators of vesicle trafficking. Yeast cells then repetitively use their simple rod shape to orchestrate the position and timing of cell division.

Does falls efficacy predict gait performance in high-functioning older people?

Introduction: Falls efficacy, defined as confidence in performing activities without falling, is a measure of fear of falling associated with gait impairment, falls and functional decline in frail older people. This relationship has not been well studied in high-functioning older people. Objective: To evaluate the relationship between falls efficacy and gait performance in a cohort of high-functioning older people. Methods: Subjects (N = 864) were a subsample of communitydwelling older people aged 65 to 70 years, enrolled in the "Lc65+" cohort, who completed gait assessment at baseline. Data were collected on demographics, functional, cognitive, affective, and health status. Falls efficacy was assessed using the Falls Efficacy Scale- International (FES-I) that measures confidence in performing 16 activities of daily life (ADL) without falling (score from 16 to 64, higher score indicates lower confidence). Gait parameters were measured over a 20 m walk at preferred gait speed using Physilog, an ambulatory gait monitoring system. Results: Participants (mean age 68.0 ± 1.4 years, 55.0% women) had excellent physical (92.2% independent in basic ADL, mean gait speed 1.13 ± 0.16 m/sec) and cognitive (98.0% with MMSE 024) performance. Nevertheless, 22.1% reported depressive symptoms and 16.1% one or more fall in the previous year. Mean FES-I score was 18.8 ± 4.1. Falls efficacy was associated with gait speed (Spearman rho -0.23, P <.001) and gait variability (Spearman rho 0.10, P = .006), measured by the coefficient of variation of stride velocity. These associations remained in multivariate analysis for both gait speed (adj [beta] coeff: -0.008, 95%CI -0.005 to -0.010, P <.001) and gait variability (adj [beta] coeff 0.024, 95%CI 0.003 to 0.045, P = .023) independent of gender, falls, functional, affective, cognitive, and frailty (Fried's criteria) status. On average, compared to subjects with poor confidence in performing one ADL without falling, those with full confidence had a 0.02 m/sec (2%) faster gait speed and a 2% decrease in gait variability. Conclusion: Even in high-functioning older people, poor falls efficacy is associated with reduced gait speed and stability, independent of health, functional, and frailty status. The direction of this relationship needs to be investigated prospectively to determine causality and design interventions to improve gait performance, reduce fall risk, and prevent functional decline.

Immunodéficience commune variable: ce qu'il faut savoir [Common variable immune deficiency: what you need to know].

Common variable immune deficiency is the most frequent primary immune deficiency, characterized mainly by a disorder of B lymphocytes differentiation and a deficit in immunoglobulins. The clinical manifestations include recurrent infections, non-infectious lung and digestive involvements, autoimmune diseases, and an increased susceptibility to cancers. Recent breakthroughs have been made in the understanding of some genetic mechanisms of the disease. Replacement therapy with intravenous immunoglobulins remains the treatment of choice, which allows significant improvement in the survival and quality of life. However progress should be made in the understanding of the pathophysiology and in the early detection of this disease, since a delay in the diagnosis may have harmful consequences in terms of morbidity and mortality.

Avaluació de SQL : 1999 respecte les característiques orientades a objectes que suporta i la seva implementació en sistemes de gestió de Bases de Dades

El treball realitzat analitza la manera com l'estàndard SQL:1999 ha incorporat a la seva especificació una sèrie de característiques pròpies de la tecnologia d'orientació a l'objecte. D'aquesta manera, l'estàndard mira de proporcionar als sistemes de gestió de bases de dades algunes de les funcionalitats exigides als sistemes de tercera generació. Aquests sistemes han d'incorporar altres característiques, que estan recollides a l'article Third Generation Database System Manifesto.