Identification of ribosomal proteins specific to higher eukaryotic organisms

This report describes the identification of a novel protein named PS1D (Genbank accession number ), which is composed of an S1-like RNA-binding domain, a (cysteine)x3-(histidine) CCCH-zinc finger, and a very basic carboxyl domain. PS1D is expressed as two isoforms, probably resulting from the alternative splicing of mRNA. The long PS1D isoform differs from the short one by the presence of 48 additional amino acids at its amino-terminal extremity. Analysis of PS1D subcellular distribution by cell fractionation reveals that this protein belongs to the core of the eukaryotic 60S ribosomal subunit. Interestingly, PS1D protein is a highly conserved protein among mammalians as murine, human, and simian PS1D homologues share more than 95% identity. In contrast, no homologous protein is found in lower eukaryotes such as yeast and Caenorhabditis elegans. These observations indicate that PS1D is the first eukaryotic ribosomal protein that is specific to higher eukaryotes.

Cumulative exposure to traumatic events in older adults.

OBJECTIVES: The present study examined the impact of cumulative trauma exposure on current posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptom severity in a nonclinical sample of adults in their 60s. The predictive utility of cumulative trauma exposure was compared to other known predictors of PTSD, including trauma severity, personality traits, social support, and event centrality. METHOD: Community-dwelling adults (n = 2515) from the crest of the Baby Boom generation completed the Traumatic Life Events Questionnaire, the PTSD Checklist, the NEO Personality Inventory, the Centrality of Event Scale, and rated their current social support. RESULTS: Cumulative trauma exposure predicted greater PTSD symptom severity in hierarchical regression analyses consistent with a dose-response model. Neuroticism and event centrality also emerged as robust predictors of PTSD symptom severity. In contrast, the severity of individuals' single most distressing life event, as measured by self-report ratings of the A1 PTSD diagnostic criterion, did not add explanatory variance to the model. Analyses concerning event categories revealed that cumulative exposure to childhood violence and adulthood physical assaults were most strongly associated with PTSD symptom severity in older adulthood. Moreover, cumulative self-oriented events accounted for a larger percentage of variance in symptom severity compared to events directed at others. CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest that the cumulative impact of exposure to traumatic events throughout the life course contributes significantly to posttraumatic stress in older adulthood above and beyond other known predictors of PTSD.

Effect of chronic angiotensin converting enzyme inhibition on spatial memory and anxiety-like behavours in rats

Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEis) are widely used anti-hypertensive agents that are also reported to have positive effects on mood and cognition. The present study examined the influence of the ACEi, perindopril, on cognitive performance and anxiety measures in rats. Two groups of rats were treated orally for one week with the ACEi, perindopril, at doses of 0.1 and 1.0mg/kg/day. Learning was assessed by the reference memory task in the water maze, comparing treated to control rats. Over five training days both perindopril-treated groups learnt the location of the submerged platform in the water maze task significantly faster than control rats. A 60s probe trial on day 6 showed that the 1.0mg/kg/day group spent significantly longer time in the training quadrant than control rats. This improved performance in the swim maze task was not due to the effect of perindopril on motor activity or the anxiety levels of the rats as perindopril-treated and control animals behaved similarly in activity boxes and on the elevated+maze. These results confirm the anecdotal human studies that ACEis have a positive influence on cognition and provide possibilities for ACEis to be developed into therapies for memory loss.

Microbeam studies of the bystander response.

Microbeams have undergone a renaissance since their introduction and early use in the mid 60s. Recent advances in imaging, software and beam delivery have allowed rapid technological developments in microbeams for use in a range of experimental studies. The resurgence in the use of microbeams since the mid 90s has coincided with major changes in our understanding of how radiation interacts with cells. In particular, the evidence that bystander responses occur, where cells not directly irradiated can respond to irradiated neighbours, has brought about the evolution of new models of radiation response. Although these processes have been studied using a range of experimental approaches, microbeams offer a unique route by which bystander responses can be elucidated. Without exception, all of the microbeams currently active internationally have studied bystander responses in a range of cell and tissue models. Together these studies have considerably advanced our knowledge of bystander responses and the underpinning mechanisms. Much of this has come from charged particle microbeam studies, but increasingly, X-ray and electron microbeams are starting to contribute quantitative and mechanistic information on bystander effects. A recent development has been the move from studies with 2-D cell culture models to more complex 3-D systems where the possibilities of utilizing the unique characteristics of microbeams in terms of their spatial and temporal delivery will make a major impact.

Creative Activism: a pedagogical and research tool

Environmental activism has a long history in protest, addressing issues of degradation and segregation that threaten existing ecologies, social and built fabrics. Environmental activism is traditionally understood as a reaction, chiefly by groups of people, against a perceived external threat. In the 60’s and 70’s, an activist stance began to emerge in the work of some artists and architects, who used creative methods such as performances, happenings, temporary spatial interventions etc to convey their political/aesthetic messages. Some of this work engaged directly with communities but predominantly it was the production of one individual working ‘outside’ society. However such actions demonstrated not only the power of the visual in conveying a political message but also the potential of conceptual creative approaches to reveal alternative values and hidden potentials. This marked a shift from activism as protestation towards an activism of reconceptualisation. Recently, activist groups have developed a more politically informed process. Whilst their ‘tools’ may resemble work from the 60’s and 70’s , their methodologies are non-traditional, ’rhizomatic’, pedagogical and fluid; working alongside, rather than against, the established power and funding structures. Such creative processes build new, often unexpected, stakeholder networks; offer neutral spaces in which contentious issues can be faced; and create better understanding of values and identities. They can also lead to permanent improvements and development in the physical fabric. This paper will discuss a pedagogical example of activism in architectural education. The event (www.fourdaysontheoutside.com) is in its fifth year of existence and as such has revealed a value and impulse beyond its learning and teaching value. The paper will discuss how the event contributes to the university’s outreach programme and how its structure acts as a seedbed for potential research projects and partnerships. UK Universities talk extensively about applied research but have few actual strategies by which to generate it. Fourdaysontheoutside offers some potential ways forward.

A long-term study (1949-2005) of experimental introductions to an island; freshwater amphipods (Crustacea) in the Isle of Man (British Isles)

Using data from field introduction experiments with Gammarus spp. conducted in the rivers of a small island, commencing in 1949, with resampling in the 60s, 70s, 80s, 90s and finally in 2005, we aimed to examine the long-term interaction of the native freshwater amphipod Gammarus duebeni celticus with the introduced G. pulex. Using physico-chemical data from a 2005 island-wide survey, we also aimed to find what environmental factors could influence the distribution of the two species.

Retratos de família: a identidade nacional e a violência em João Canijo

Esta dissertação pretende analisar a obra de João Canijo e a sua relação com as representações da identidade nacional. Para isso, socorre-se de uma revisão bibliográfica sobre a identidade cultural portuguesa, em diversas dimensões (histórica, literária e antropológica), ressaltando, sobretudo, a importância da ideologia salazarista e a tensão identitária da situação atual. Num segundo momento, este trabalho preocupa-se com a história do cinema português, desde os anos 60, procurando estabelecer paradigmas e mudanças, sobretudo na relação com o imaginário português. Na terceira parte, a dissertação ensaia uma análise a oito longas-metragens do realizador, propondo a ideia de uma dramaturgia da violência, através de uma intertextualidade com a tragédia grega e o melodrama cinematográfico, que pretende dar conta de um imaginário português contemporâneo, que se baseia numa sociedade patriarcal e na sua violência. Nesse sentido, argumenta-se a importância de conceitos como a “não-inscrição”, de José Gil, ou o recalcado, de Eduardo Lourenço, para a compreensão dos filmes. Num último momento, esta análise percorre o debate do realismo no cinema, através do prisma das mudanças contemporâneas sugeridas pela obra do cineasta, em que se destaca uma hibridez entre elementos ficcionais e documentais. Sugere-se, finalmente, uma dramaturgia da violência nos filmes de João Canijo que procura rever o imaginário existente no que diz respeito à identidade portuguesa e às suas representações culturais.

A fase utópico-patriótica da poesia angolana (1965-1985)

O presente trabalho propõe-se analisar a poesia dos autores angolanos que publicaram entre 1965 e 1985, identificando este segmento temporal como uma fase literária da literatura angolana (designada como utópico-patriótica), a qual exprime os princípios anticoloniais e projeta um espaço utópico genuinamente angolano. Tendo em conta a evolução da literatura angolana, subjaz à produção poética dos autores estudados um certo sentido de continuidade, o qual, estimulado pela difusão do nacionalismo, passa pela poesia «da terra» dos mensageiros e continua com os versos encriptados e anticoloniais das décadas de 60 e 70. O espaço utópico projetado na primeira parte da fase utópico-patriótica encontra a sua possibilidade de concretização com a independência de Angola, em 1975, participando os escritores da construção do recém-nascido Estado-Nação. A produção poética da segunda parte da fase utópico-patriótica é, assim, caraterizada pela celebração dos heróis, na ótica de uma (re)perspetivação da história nacional. A partir de 1985, quando se torna evidente o falhanço da utopia, a poesia angolana ensaia um novo rumo pela mão da «geração das incertezas». Ao longo deste percurso, a poesia angolana publicada entre 1965 e 1985 representa um meio de consciencialização ético-política dos cidadãos e concorre para a construção da identidade político-literária da nação angolana, cuja legitimação decorre do processo de conquista da independência.

Electrical characterization of metal-oxide-polymer devices for non-volatile memory applications

The objective of this thesis is to study the properties of resistive switching effect based on bistable resistive memory which is fabricated in the form of Al2O3/polymer diodes and to contribute to the elucidation of resistive switching mechanisms. Resistive memories were characterized using a variety of electrical techniques, including current-voltage measurements, small-signal impedance, and electrical noise based techniques. All the measurements were carried out over a large temperature range. Fast voltage ramps were used to elucidate the dynamic response of the memory to rapid varying electric fields. The temperature dependence of the current provided insight into the role of trapped charges in resistive switching. The analysis of fast current fluctuations using electric noise techniques contributed to the elucidation of the kinetics involved in filament formation/rupture, the filament size and correspondent current capabilities. The results reported in this thesis provide insight into a number of issues namely: (i) The fundamental limitations on the speed of operation of a bi-layer resistive memory are the time and voltage dependences of the switch-on mechanism. (ii) The results explain the wide spread in switching times reported in the literature and the apparently anomalous behaviour of the high conductance state namely the disappearance of the negative differential resistance region at high voltage scan rates which is commonly attributed to a “dead time” phenomenon which had remained elusive since it was first reported in the ‘60s. (iii) Assuming that the current is filamentary, Comsol simulations were performed and used to explain the observed dynamic properties of the current-voltage characteristics. Furthermore, the simulations suggest that filaments can interact with each other. (iv) The current-voltage characteristics have been studied as a function of temperature. The findings indicate that creation and annihilation of filaments is controlled by filling and neutralizing traps localized at the oxide/polymer interface. (v) Resistive switching was also studied in small-molecule OLEDs. It was shown that the degradation that leads to a loss of light output during operation is caused by the presence of a resistive switching layer. A diagnostic tool that predicts premature failure of OLEDs was devised and proposed. Resistive switching is a property of oxides. These layers can grow in a number of devices including, organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs), spin-valve transistors and photovoltaic devices fabricated in different types of material. Under strong electric fields the oxides can undergo dielectric breakdown and become resistive switching layers. Resistive switching strongly modifies the charge injection causing a number of deleterious effects and eventually device failure. In this respect the findings in this thesis are relevant to understand reliability issues in devices across a very broad field.

A iconografia de Santa Maria Madalena em Portugal até ao Concílio de Trento

Tese de mestrado Arte, Património e Teoria do Restauro, Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Letras, 2012

A obra no gerúndio

Tese de doutoramento, Belas-Artes (Instalação), Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Belas-Artes, 2014

Energia e medicina : Mayer e Helmholtz

Tese de doutoramento, História e Filosofia das Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Ciências, 2014

Translating proteomics into environmental health : biomarkers discovery for tobacco smoke-induced biological damage

Tese de doutoramento, Biologia (Biologia Molecular), Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Ciências, 2015

Os comunistas portugueses no exílio : (1960-1974)

Tese de doutoramento, História (Dinâmicas do Mundo Contemporâneo), Universidade de Lisboa, com a participação do ISCTE- Instituto Universitário de Lisboa, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Universidade de Évora, 2015

A formação da heráldica do exército no Estado Novo

RESUMO: É analisada nesta pesquisa a evolução da Heráldica do Exército Português ao longo do Estado Novo, sendo referida a importante reforma da década de 60 que lhe veio a conferir uma qualidade excepcional.