文冠果壳苷对侧脑室注射Aβ_(1-42)致小鼠学习记忆障碍的改善作用

目的研究文冠果壳苷对侧脑室注射β肽淀粉样蛋白1-4(2Aβ1-42)小鼠学习记忆障碍的改善作用,并初步探讨了其作用机制。方法通过避暗和水迷宫实验检测了小鼠的学习记忆能力;使用分光光度计检测小鼠大脑组织中乙酰胆碱酯酶(AchE)和胆碱乙酰转移酶(ChAT)活性的变化。结果小鼠侧脑室注射凝聚态Aβ1-42显著降低了小鼠被动回避学习记忆能力及空间学习记忆能力(P<0.01),并且小鼠大脑AchE和ChAT活性显著降低(P均<0.05);而文冠果壳苷能够显著减少避暗错误次数,延长潜伏期(分别P<0.05、P<0.01);剂量依赖性地缩短水迷宫实验中小鼠到达安全台的游泳时间(分别P<0.05、P<0.01),不同程度地抑制Aβ1-42模型小鼠的AchE和ChAT活性的降低(P<0.05和<0.01)。结论文冠果壳苷对侧脑室注射Aβ1-42小鼠学习记忆障碍具有显著的改善作用,其作用机制可能与保护中枢胆碱能神经细胞,改善中枢胆碱能神经系统功能等有关。

新型化合物[Ni(en)_3]_2[Ni(en)_2(H_2O)_2]·[As_6V_(15)O_(42)]·4H_2O晶体的水热合成与表征

多金属氧酸盐因其在医药临床、工业催化、功能材料等方面的广泛应用而引起人们的关注 [1～ 6 ] ,其中 ,有关钒化学的研究一直很活跃 ,钒具有与钼、钨明显不同的结构特性 ,钒可以采取 VO4 ,VO5和VO6 方式配位 ,同时 ,钒的价态可以是 + 3,+ 4和 + 5价 .由于钒可采取多种配位方式及多种价态 ,与钼酸盐和钨酸盐相比 ,钒酸盐更具有结构柔顺性 ,同时易形成低价或混合价态物种 .在以往的文献中 ,有关 P- V- O体系多金属氧酸盐的水热合成的研究已有大量的报道 [7] ,在常规溶液合成中 ,人们已对As- V- O体系进行了相对深入的研究 ,而有关水热合成的研究报道却很少 ,已见报道的砷钒化合物有K6 [As6 V15O4 2 ( H2 O) ]· 6H2 O[8,9] ,[As8V14 O4 2 ( H2 O) 1/2 ]4 - [10 ] ,[As8V14 O4 2 ( X) ]6 - [11] ( X=SO2 - 3,SO2 - 4,H2 O) .为了探究水热条件下 As- V- O体系的反应特性 ,我们开展了这方面的研究工作 ,并取得了突破性进展 .本文采用中温水热技术合成了含有机基团...

A serpin from Chinese shrimp Fenneropenaeus chinensis is responsive to bacteria and WSSV challenge

Arthropod defence responses (e.g. prophenoloxidase (proPO) activation and Toll pathway initiation) are mediated by serine proteinase cascades and regulated by serpins in haemolymph. A serpin (Fc-serpin) cDNA was cloned from the haemocytes of Fenneropenaeus chinensis by rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE) PCR and haemocyte cDNA library screening. The full-length cDNA consists of 1734 bp, encoding 411 amino acids with a calculated molecular mass of 46.55 kDa and a theoretical isoelectric point of 7.70. Fc-serpin contains a typical serpin-like homologue (serine proteinase inhibitors domain). The deduced protein contains a putative signal peptide of 19 amino acids and the serpin's signature sequence ((FHCNRPFLFLI389)-F-379). Fc-serpin showed some identity with Pacifastacus leniusculus serpin (42%) and Manduca sexta serpin-6 (34%). The reactive centre loop (RCL) sequences of Fc-serpin, P leniusculus serpin, M. sexta serpin-6 and Bombyx mori serpin-2 are highly similar. An Arg at the PI position of the reactive site indicates that Fc-serpin may have inhibitory activity against prophenoloxidase activating proteinase (PAP) and clotting enzyme. Transcripts of Fc-serpin mRNA were mainly detected in haemocytes and the lymphoid organ by RT-PCR. The variation of the mRNA transcription level in haemocytes followed by artificial infection with bacteria OF white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) was quantified by SYBR Green real-time PCR analysis. Expression profiles of Fc-serpin greatly fluctuated after challenge. This work represents the first report Of a serpin in penaeid shrimp. The data provide clues that Fc-serpin might play potential roles in the innate immunity of shrimp. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

C 198 INST-D 2013. 379 Ilustración de tejidos manuales con paja toquilla y en telar de mesa en Sandoná - Nariño.

11 fotografías a color.

All-optical modulation converter for on-off keying to duobinary and alternate-mark inversion at 42.6 Gbps

Advanced modulation formats have become increasingly important as telecoms engineers strive for improved tolerance to both linear and nonlinear fibre-based transmission impairments. Two important modulation schemes are Duobinary (DB) and Alternate-mark inversion (AMI) [1] where transmission enhancement results from auxiliary phase modulation. As advanced modulation formats displace Return-to-zero On-Off Keying (RZ-OOK), inter-modulation converters will become increasingly important. If the modulation conversion can be performed at high bitrates with a small number of operations per bit, then all-optical techniques may offer lower energy consumption compared to optical-electronic-optical approaches. In this paper we experimentally demonstrate an all-optical system incorporating a pair of hybrid-integrated semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA)-based Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI) gates which translate RZ-OOK to RZ-DB or RZ-AMI at 42.6 Gbps. This scheme includes a wavelength conversion to arbitrary output wavelength and has potential for high-level photonic integration, scalability to higher bitrates, and should exhibit regenerative properties [2].

Practice links [Issue 42, April 2011]

Practice Links is a free e-publication for practitioners working in Irish social services, voluntary and nongovernmental sectors. Practice Links was created to enable practitioners to keep up-to-date with new publications, electronic resources and conference opportunities. Issue 42 features a report examining the measures undertaken by schools to reduce bulling and victimization.

Evaluación económica de proyectos hortícolas en la Comarca Andina del Paralelo 42º

p.225-231

Behavioural and histopathological analyses of ibuprofen treatment on the effect of aggregated AB (1-42) injections in the rat

It has been suggested that inflammatory processes may play a role in the development of Alzheimerâ??s disease (AD), and that nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug treatments may provide protection against the onset of AD. In the current study male Wistar rats were trained in two-lever operant chambers under an alternating lever cyclic-ratio ratio (ALCR) schedule. When responding showed no trends, subjects were divided into groups. One group was bilaterally injected into the CA3 area of the hippocampus with 5 μl of aggregated β-amyloid (Aβ) suspension, and one group was bilaterally injected into the CA3 area of the hippocampus with 5 μl of sterile saline. Subgroups were treated twice daily with 0.1 ml (40 mg/kg) ibuprofen administered orally. The results indicated that chronic administration of ibuprofen protected against detrimental behavioural effects following aggregated Aβ injections. Withdrawal of ibuprofen treatment from aggregated Aβ-injected subjects produced a decline in behavioural performance to the level of the non-treated aggregated Aβ-injected group. Ibuprofen treatment reduced the numbers of reactive astrocytes following aggregated Aβ injection, and withdrawal of ibuprofen resulted in an increase of reactive astrocytes. These results suggest that induced inflammatory processes may play a role in AD, and that ibuprofen treatment may protect against some of the symptoms seen in AD.

Factores determinantes del uso de Internet en la comercialización del aceite de oliva. Análisis del sector en Cataluña

Las cooperativas son entidades con una gran presencia económica y social en España, y tienen una gran influencia en la economía rural de las zonas donde están ubicadas. El principal objetivo del presente trabajo es el análisis del uso de las nuevas tecnologías por parte de las cooperativas agroalimentarias, centrándose en las productoras de aceite de oliva para determinar los principales factores que condicionan su comportamiento en la Red. En el presente estudio se analizan sus sitios web y se determina qué tipo de información aporta, tanto datos generales como datos de comercialización. A partir de los resultados obtenidos, se busca la relación que pueda existir entre el tamaño de la cooperativa, su actividad exportadora o la actividad de comercio electrónico con la presencia online, mediante una regresión logística. De esta manera podremos conocer si realmente la implantación de nuevas tecnologías en las cooperativas permite desarrollar una óptima actividad económica.

Comment on "Electron collisional excitation of argon-like Ni XI using the Breit-Pauli R-matrix method" [Eur. Phys. J. D 42, 235-241 (2007)] - Electron impact excitation of Ni XI

In a recent paper, Verma et al. [Eur. Phys. J. D 42, 235 (2007)] have reported results for energy levels, radiative rates, collision strengths, and effective collision strengths for transitions among the lowest 17 levels of the (1s(2)2s(2)2p(6))3s(2)3p(6), 3s(2)3p(5)3d and 3s3p(6)3d configurations of Ni XI. They adopted the CIV3 and R-matrix codes for the generation of wavefunctions and the scattering process, respectively. In this paper, through two independent calculations performed with the fully relativistic DARC (along with GRASP) and FAC codes, we demonstrate that their results are unreliable. New data are presented and their accuracy is assessed.

Effects of sub-chronic exposure to naturally occurring N-terminally truncated metabolites of glucose-dependent insulinotrophic polypeptide (GIP) and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), GIP(3-42) and GLP-1 (9-36)amide, on insulin secretion and glucose homeostasis in ob/ob mice

Glucose-dependent insulinotrophic polypepticle (GIP) and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) are important enteroendocrine hormones that are rapidly degraded by an ubiquitous enzyme dipeptidyl peptidase IV to yield truncated metabolites GIP(3-42) and GLP-1 (9-36)amide. In this study, we investigated the effects of sub-chronic exposure to these major circulating forms of GIP and GLP-1 on blood glucose control and endocrine pancreatic function in obese diabetic (ob/ob) mice. A once daily injection of either peptide for 14 days had no effect on body weight, food intake or pancreatic insulin content or islet morphology. GLP-1(9-36)amide also had no effect on plasma glucose homeostasis or insulin secretion. Mice receiving GIP(3-42) exhibited small but significant improvements in non-fasting plasma glucose, glucose tolerance and glycaemic response to feeding. Accordingly, plasma insulin responses were unchanged suggesting that the observed enhancement of insulin sensitivity was responsible for the improvement in glycaemic control. These data indicate that sub-chronic exposure to GIP and GLP-1 metabolites does not result in physiological impairment of insulin secretion or blood glucose control. GIP(3-42) might exert an overall beneficial effect by improving insulin sensitivity through extrapancreatic action.

Evidence that the major degradation product of glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide, GIP(3-42), is a GIP receptor antagonist in vivo

The incretin hormone glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) is rapidly degraded in the circulation by dipeptidyl peptidase IV forming the N-terminally truncated peptide GIP(3-42). The present study examined the biological activity of this abundant circulating fragment peptide to establish its possible role in GIP action. Human GIP and GIP(3-42) were synthesised by Fmoc solid-phase peptide synthesis, purified by HPLC and characterised by electrospray ionisation-mass spectrometry. In GIP receptor-transfected Chinese hamster lung fibroblasts, GIP(3-42) dose dependently inhibited GIP-stimulated (10(-7) M) cAMP production (up to 75.4 +/-5.4%; P