Polonium-210 and Lead-210 activities measured on 17 water bottle profiles and 50 surface water samples during POLARSTERN cruise ARK-XXII/2

Polonium-210 and Lead-210 have been measured in the water column and on suspended particulate matter during the POLARSTERN cruise ARK-XXII/2. The data have been submitted to Pangaea following a Polonium-Lead intercalibration exercise organized by GEOTRACES, where the AWI lab results range within the data standard deviation from 10 participating labs. Polonium-210 and Lead-210 in the ocean can be used to identify the sources and sinks of suspended matter. In seawater, Polonium-210 (210Po) and Lead-210 (210Pb) are produced by stepwise radioactive decay of Uranium-238. 210Po (138 days half life) and 210Pb (22.3 years half life) have high affinities for suspended particles. Those radionuclides are present in dissolved form and adsorbed onto particles. Following adsorption onto particle surfaces, 210Po especially is transported into the interior of cells where it bonds to proteins. In this way, 210Po also accumulates in the food chain. 210Po is therefore considered to be a good tracer for POC, and traces particle export over a timescale of month. 210Pb (22.3 years half life) adsorbs preferably onto structural components of cells, biogenic silica and lithogenic particles, and is therefore a better tracer more rapidly sinking matter. Our goal during ARK XXII/2 was to trace pathways of particulate and dissolved matter leaving the Siberian Shelf. The pathways of particulate and dissolved matter will be followed by the combined use of 210Po and 234Th as a tracer pair (and perhaps 210Pb) for particle flux (Cai, P.; Rutgers van der Loeff, MM (2008) doi:10.1594/PANGAEA.708354). This information gathered from the water column will be complemented with the results of the 210Po-210Pb study in sea ice (Camara-Mor, P, Instituto de Ciencias del Mar-SCIC, Barcelona, Spain) to provide a more thorough picture of particle transport from the shelf to the open sea and from surface to depth.

Na 1 Nachlass Max Horkheimer, 528 - Korrespondenzen mit Henryk Grossmann (p. VI 9, 220 - 409)

76 Briefe zwischen Henryk Grossmann und Max Horkheimer, 1934 - 1949; 1 Brief von F. Pollock an K. H. Hennings, 13.07.1967; 2 Briefe zwischen Max Horkheimer und George Rainer, September 1950; 1 Brief von M. Kisling an Henryk Grossmann, 13.01.1950; 4 Briefe von Friedrich Pollock an Frederick Wild 1948 - 1949; 1 Brief von Henryk Grossmann an die Social Studies Association (New York), 05.05.1946; 1 Brief von Friedrich Pollock an die Social Studies Association (New York), 18.01.1949; 1 Brief von Max Horkheimer an den American Consul General (Habana), 26.04.1938; 1 Brief von Max Horkheimer an die New York Section of the National Council of Jewish Women (New York), 18.04.1938;

Na 1 Nachlass Max Horkheimer, 550 - Korrespondenzen mit Leo Löwenthal (p. VI 20, 221-409)

130 Briefe zwischen Max Horkheimer und Leo Löwenthal, September 1946 - April 1947; 4 Briefe zwischen Samuel H. Flowerman und Max Horkheimer, 1946; 1 Brief von Walter Hallstein an Leo Löwenthal, 03.03.1947; 1 Brief von Herman L. Filene an Frederick Wild, 18.09.1946; 1 Brief von Leo Löwenthal an Frederick Pollock, 16.09.1946; 2 Briefe (Auszüge) von William M. Bennett an Leo Löwenthal, September 1946; 1 Brief von Jim Farrell an Leo Löwenthal, 06.09.1946; 1 Brief von Leo Löwenthal an Edward N. Barnhart, 21.04.1947; 1 Brief von John Slawson an Max Horkheimer, 20.03.1947; 1 Brief von Max Horkheimer an Marjorie Fiske, 12.03.1947;

Na 1 Nachlass Max Horkheimer, 562 - Korrespondenzen u.a. mit Alice H. Maier und Leo Löwenthal (p. VI 26, 170-409)

Briefwechsel zwischen Alice H. Maier und Max Horkheimer; 3 Briefe zwischen Adolf Sturmthal und Alice H. Maier, 1951; 1 Brief von Alice H. Maier an Hattie Ross, 25.09.1951; 1 Brief an Franz Neumann von Alice H. Maier, 20.08.1951; 1 Brief von Alice H. Maier an Friede Fromm-Reichmann, 20.08.1951; 1 Brief an Leo Löwenthal von M. von Medelssohn, 13.08.1951; 1 Brief an The New York Academy of Science von Alice H. Maier, 20.03.1951; 1 Brief von dem Lee Travel Service (New York) an Max Horkheimer, 09.08.1948; 1 Brief an Max Horkheimer von Walter Hallstein, 02.07.1948; 1 Brief von E. Stein an Max Horkheimer, 26.06.1948; 2 Briefe zwischen Alice H. Maier und Gaby Onderwijzer, 1947; 1 Brief an Alfred Haas von Emmy Henne, 01.04.1955; 11 Briefe zwischen Emmy Henne und Alice H. Maier, 1954 - 1955; 2 Briefe zwischen Max Horkheimer und Morris L. Ernst, Oktober 1955; 1 Brief an Alfred Haas und Fritz Moses von Emmy Henne, 01.04.1955; 1 Brief an Alice H. Maier von Alfred Haas und Fritz Moses, 25.10.1954; 1 Brief an das Barbison Plaza Hotel (New York) von Alice H. Maier, 10.02.1955; 4 Briefe von dem Institut für Sozialforshung (Fankfurt am Main) an die Social Studies Association (New York), 1952 - 1954; 2 Briefe und 8 Briefentwürfe von Max Horkheimer an Nicholas Jory, September 1954; 1 Brief und 2 Briefentwürfe an Stroock von Alice H. Maier, [1954]; 1 Brief an Max Horkheimer von L. A. Chamberlin, 16.08.1954; 1 Brief von A. P. Bersohn an Max Horkheimer, 17.08.1954; 1 Brief von Max Horkheimer an Jacob K. Javits, 07.08.1954; 1 Brief an The Ideal Book Shop (New York) von Alice H. Maier, 07.08.1954; 1 Brief von Lothar Wendt (Internist) an Max Horkheimer, 30.07.1954; 1 Brief von Max Horkheimer an Young, 16.07.1954; 1 Brief an R. B. Shipley von Chauncy D. Harris, 16.07.1954; 1 Brief von Chauncy D. Harris an Max Horkheimer, 28.05.1954; 3 Briefe zwischen Max Horkheimer und John J. McCloy, 1954; 1 Brief von John J. McCloy an Ruth Shipley, 12.07.1954; 4 Briefe zwischen Alice H. Maier und Volker von Hagen, 1954; 1 Brief an York Lucci von Alice H. Maier, 13.04.1954; 3 Briefe von Alice H. Maier an H. P. Edelman, 1954; 3 Briefe zwischen Diedrich Osmer und Alice H. Maier, 1953; 1 Brief an die Indiana University (South Bend) von Diedrich Osmer, 26.02.1953; 3 Briefe zwischen Alice H. Maier und Elizabeth C. Krueger, 1953; 2 Briefe zwischen David Melvin Raul und Alice H. Maier, 1952; 1 Brief von Frederick Wild an The American Quaterly (Mineapolis), 25.06.1952; 1 Brief an Alice H. Maier von David Riesman, 19.05.1952; 1 Brief und 1 Briefentwurf an Felix Weil von Alice H. Maier, 23.04.1952;

Na 1 Nachlass Max Horkheimer, 577 - Korrespondenzen mit Friedrich (Frederick) Pollock (p. VI 32, 204-409)

1 Brief von Max Horkheimer an Edwin S. Bingham, 03.05.1942; 1 Brief von Frederick Pollock an A. P. Bersohn, 12.03.1942; 1 Brief von Austin P. Evans an Frederick Pollock, 26.02.1942; 1 Brief von Alice H. Maier an Max Horkheimer, 10.02.1942; 1 Brief von Franz Neumann an Frederick Pollock, 02.02.1942; 1 Brief von Frederick Pollock an Moritz Bonn, [1942];

(Table 1) Vesicularity of basalts recovered at DSDP Holes 49-407, 49-408, and 49-409

Average vesicularity of basalt drilled at three sites on the west flank of the Reykjanes Ridge increases with decreasing age. This change apparently records concomitant decrease in water depth at the ridge crest where the basalt was erupted and suggests substantial upward growth of the crest during the past 35 Myr.

Genomewide Linkage Scan of 409 European-ancestry and African American Families with Schizophrenia: Suggestive Evidence of Linkage at 8p23.3-p21.2 and 11p13.1-q14.1 in the Combined Sample

We report the clinical characteristics of a schizophrenia sample of 409 pedigrees-263 of European ancestry ( EA) and 146 of African American ancestry ( AA)-together with the results of a genome scan ( with a simple tandem repeat polymorphism interval of 9 cM) and follow-up fine mapping. A family was required to have a proband with schizophrenia ( SZ) and one or more siblings of the proband with SZ or schizoaffective disorder. Linkage analyses included 403 independent full-sibling affected sibling pairs ( ASPs) ( 279 EA and 124 AA) and 100 all-possible half-sibling ASPs ( 15 EA and 85 AA). Nonparametric multipoint linkage analysis of all families detected two regions with suggestive evidence of linkage at 8p23.3-q12 and 11p11.2-q22.3 ( empirical Z likelihood-ratio score [ Z(lr)] threshold >= 2.65) and, in exploratory analyses, two other regions at 4p16.1-p15.32 in AA families and at 5p14.3-q11.2 in EA families. The most significant linkage peak was in chromosome 8p; its signal was mainly driven by the EA families. Z(lr) scores >= 2.0 in 8p were observed from 30.7 cM to 61.7 cM ( Center for Inherited Disease Research map locations). The maximum evidence in the full sample was a multipoint Z(lr) of 3.25 ( equivalent Kong-Cox LOD of 2.30) near D8S1771 ( at 52 cM); there appeared to be two peaks, both telomeric to neuregulin 1 ( NRG1). There is a paracentric inversion common in EA individuals within this region, the effect of which on the linkage evidence remains unknown in this and in other previously analyzed samples. Fine mapping of 8p did not significantly alter the significance or length of the peak. We also performed fine mapping of 4p16.3-p15.2, 5p15.2-q13.3, 10p15.3-p14, 10q25.3-q26.3, and 11p13-q23.3. The highest increase in Z(lr) scores was observed for 5p14.1-q12.1, where the maximum Z(lr) increased from 2.77 initially to 3.80 after fine mapping in the EA families.

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 subtype C Gag virus-like particle boost substantially improves the immune response to a subtype C gag DNA vaccine in mice

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) subtype C is the predominant HIV in southern Africa, and is the target of a number of recent vaccine candidates. It has been proposed that a heterologous prime/boost vaccination strategy may result in stronger, broader and more prolonged immune responses. Since HIV-1 Gag Pr55 polyprotein can assemble into virus-like particles (VLPs) which have been shown to induce a strong cellular immune response in animals, we showed that a typical southern African subtype C Pr55 protein expressed in insect cells via recombinant baculovirus could form VLPs. We then used the baculovirus-produced VLPs as a boost to a subtype C HIV-1 gag DNA prime vaccination in mice. This study shows that a low dose of HIV-1 subtype C Gag VLPs can significantly boost the immune response to a single subtype C gag DNA inoculation in mice. These results suggest a possible vaccination regimen for humans. © 2004 SGM.

A reanalysis of 409 European-Ancestry and African American schizophrenia pedigrees reveals significant linkage to 8p23.3 with evidence of locus heterogeneity

The detection and replication of schizophrenia risk loci can require substantial sample sizes, which has prompted various collaborative efforts for combining multiple samples. However, pooled samples may comprise sub-samples with substantial population genetic differences, including allele frequency differences. We investigated the impact of population differences via linkage reanalysis of Molecular Genetics of Schizophrenia 1 (MGS1) affected sibling-pair data, comprising two samples of distinct ancestral origin: European (EA: 263 pedigrees) and African-American (AA: 146 pedigrees). To exploit the linkage information contained within these distinct continental samples, we performed separate analyses of the individual samples, allowing for within-sample locus heterogeneity, and the pooled sample, allowing for both within-sample and between-sample heterogeneity. Significance levels, corrected for the multiple tests, were determined empirically. For all suggestive peaks, stronger linkage evidence was obtained in either the EA or AA sample than the combined sample, regardless of how heterogeneity was modeled for the latter. Notably, we report genomewide significant linkage of schizophrenia to 8p23.3 and evidence for a second, independent susceptibility locus, reaching suggestive linkage, 29 cM away on 8p21.3. We also detected suggestive linkage on chromosomes 5p13.3 and 7q36.2. Many regions showed pronounced differences in the extent of linkage between the EA and AA samples. This reanalysis highlights the potential impact of population differences upon linkage evidence in pooled data and demonstrates a useful approach for the analysis of samples drawn from distinct continental groups.

The identification of 14 alpha,17 beta-dihydroxyandrost-4-en-3-one monohydrate and 14 alpha,17 beta-dihydroxyandrosta-1,4-dien-3-one monohydrate, metabolites of androstenedione in Mucor piriformis

The microorganism Mucor piriformis transforms androst-4-ene-3,17-dione into a major and several minor metabolites. X-ray crystallographic analysis of two of these metabolites was undertaken to determine unambiguously their composition and chirality. Crystals belong to the orthorhombic space-group P2(1)2(1)2(1), with a = 7.199(4) angstrom and a = 6.023(3) angstrom, b = 11.719(3) angstrom and b = 13.455(4) angstrom, c = 20.409(3) angstrom and c = 20.702(4) angstrom for the two title compounds, respectively. The structures have been refined to final R values of 0.060 and 0.040, respectively.

Diário da Constituinte [gravação de vídeo] : [programa n. 409]

Terminou à meia noite o prazo para os pedidos de destaque para as emendas ao projeto da Constituição. Foram feitos ao todo 2300 pedidos. Todas as providências já foram tomadas para que os 559 constituintes comecem a votar amanhã a nova Constituição do país. Ulysses Guimarães acerta os detalhes das próximas sessões. No primeiro dia de votação será votado o preâmbulo e o título 1º, que trata da introdução dos princípios gerais da Constituição. As votações se darão de segunda a sexta feira, na parte da tarde. Não haverá votação nos fins de semana. Será usado o painel eletrônico para as votações. Dois oradores falarão a favor e dois contra a proposta em votação. Acordo entre as lideranças, quorum e esforço em eliminar emendas repetitivas ajudarão na celeridade dos trabalhos.

Crystal structure and its transition for poly(aryl ether ketone ketone)s .1.

Poly(aryl ether ketone ketone)s (PEKK) was a high-performance engineering plastics, By means of Wide Angle X-ray Diffraction (WAXD) and Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) methods, PEKK samples crystallized in solvent induction, from glass state and from melting state were studied, Crystal forms I and II for PEKK were found, The formation of crystal form II was dependent on thermal history and solvent induction, and this form II had melting point 10 degrees C or so lower than that of form I crystallized from glass state, All PEKK samples had low melting peaks which were relevant to the polarization of PEKK molecular chain, while they had nothing to do with thermal history, The heat of fusion for PEKK low melting peaks accounted for,percentage of 2 to 10 or so of the whole heat of fusion, And PEKK has its equilibrium melting point of 409 degrees C.

Increased concentrations of the oxidative DNA adduct 7, 8-dihydro-8-oxo-2-deoxyguanosine in the germ-line of men with type 1 diabetes

The effects of diabetes mellitus on male reproductive health have not been clearly defined. A previous publication from this group reported significantly higher levels of nuclear DNA fragmentation and mitochondrial DNA deletions in spermatozoa from men with type 1 diabetes. This study compared semen profiles, sperm DNA fragmentation and levels of oxidative DNA modification in spermatozoa of diabetic and non-diabetic men. Semen samples from 12 non-diabetic, fertile men and 11 type 1 diabetics were obtained and subjected to conventional light microscopic semen analysis. Nuclear DNA fragmentation was assessed using an alkaline Comet assay and concentrations of 7,8-dihydro-8-oxo-2-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), an oxidative adduct of the purine guanosine, were assessed by high-performance liquid chromatography. Conventional semen profiles were similar in both groups, whilst spermatozoa from type 1 diabetics showed significantly higher levels of DNA fragmentation (44% versus 27%; P < 0.05) and concentrations of 8-OHdG (3.6 versus 2.0 molecules of 8-OHdG per 105 molecules of deoxyguanosine; P < 0.05). Furthermore, a positive correlation was observed between DNA fragmentation and concentrations of 8-OHdG per 105 molecules of deoxyguanosine (rs = 0.7, P < 0.05). The genomic damage evident in spermatozoa of type 1 diabetics may have important implications for their fertility and the outcome of pregnancies fathered by these individuals.