972 resultados para 4-31


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IEECAS SKLLQG

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以生态安全面临着严重威胁的我国干旱区民勤绿洲湖区灌区景观为例 ,研究地下水资源的时空变化对灌区生态安全的影响 .利用GIS进行地下水的空间插值得到地下水埋深与地下水矿化度的时空变化 .结果表明 ,地下水埋深在 14年间持续下降 ,且灌区中心地带的地下水埋深的下降速率较边缘地带快 ,导致地下水降落漏斗不断加深 ,并逐渐由灌区中心向边缘扩展 .大于 3m的地下水埋深面积比例逐年增加 ,由 1987年占湖区总面积的 81.2 %上升到 2 0 0 1年的 97.4 % .地下水埋深的持续下降导致土壤含水量降低是除人为破坏而引起林木自然衰败、死亡 ,并引起灌区自然生态安全水平降低的主要原因 .当地下水埋深超过 8m ,地下 2m处土壤含水率达到 12 %以下 ,大部分乔木林枯梢率达到 90 %以上 ,而灌木林枯梢率也达到 5 0 %以上 .受地下水位下降的影响 ,14年间有林地、灌木林地与疏林地的斑块面积分别减少了6 7%、5 4 %与 31% ,斑块数量减少 35、4 2与 5 0块 .地下水矿化度的上升导致作物的安全生长格局发生显著变化 ,导致农业经济效益降低、种植业结构调整受到严重制约 ,构成对灌区经济生态安全的严重影响 .合理分配流域中、下游水资源量 ,限制人类不合理的土地利用方式 ,减少灌区耕地面积 ,构建安全的景观格局 ,逐渐恢复地下水

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基于可持续发展理念 ,分析了水资源可持续利用的特征 ,构建了评价水资源可持续利用的评价指标体系 ,从水资源现状、水资源利用效率、水资源可持续利用压力和水资源可持续利用能力 4个方面对水资源可持续利用状况进行综合评价 .按照此评价指标体系 ,采用定性和定量相结合的方法 ,对我国 31个省市自治区的水资源可持续利用状况进行评价 ,然后按照评价结果将其分为高发展组、较高发展组、中等发展组、较低发展组和低发展组 5个类型 .从空间分布上看 ,水资源可持续利用状况基本呈现从东南沿海向西北内陆逐渐递减的趋势 .从影响水资源可持续利用的因素看 ,除了水资源禀赋外 ,水资源利用效率低下成为制约水资源可持续利用的另一个重要因素 .从评价中还发现 ,水资源禀赋同水资源利用效率呈现一定的反相关关系 .

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制备出两种氢调敏感性的不同催化剂,然后按照不同的比例混合,通过原位聚合法制备了宽峰聚乙烯纳米复合材料,分别表征和测定了其微观结构、分子结构参数和力学性能。结果表明:蒙脱土片层在乙烯聚合过程中发生了插层及剥离,以单片层或几层共存的形式红纳米级分散于聚乙烯基体中;聚合物相对分子质量呈宽峰分布(Mw/Mn=7.23);在熔体流动速率相近的情况下,复合材料的断裂伸长率提高到900%以上,拉伸强度达到40MPa。

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A new class of high-performance polymers [poly(phenylene-co-naphthalimide)s] was prepared through the Ni(0) catalytic coupling of N-(4-chloro-2-trifluromethylphenyl)-5-chloro-1,8-naphthalimide and 2,5-dichlorobenzophenone. The resulting copolymers exhibited high molecular weights (high inherent viscosities) and a combination of desirable properties such as good solubility in dipolar aprotic solvents, film-forming capability, and mechanical properties. The glass-transition temperatures of the copolymers ranged from 320 to 403 degrees C and increased as the content of the naphthalimide moiety increased. Tough polymer films, obtained via casting from N-methylpyrrolidone solutions, had tensile strengths of 64-107 MPa and tensile moduli of 3.4-4.7 GPa. The gas permeability coefficients of the copolymers were measured for H-2, CO2, O-2, CH4, and N-2. They showed oxygen permeability coefficients and permeability selectivity of oxygen to nitrogen (permeability coefficient for O-2/permeability coefficient for N-2) in the ranges of 1.39-4.31 and 4.92-5.38 barrer, respectively.

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以乙烯/马来酸酐共聚物为骨架,聚乙二醇单甲醚为侧链,合成了新型的乙烯/马来酸酐共聚物多缩乙二醇酯聚合物固体电解质,用红外对该聚合物固体电解质的合成过程进行了跟踪,通过对反应介质、催化剂、条件、终产物沉淀剂选择和用红外、DSC、元素分析等对终产物的分析,表明酯化反应进行完全。并按合成路线生成严格的半酯。产物的成膜性能好,比较柔软,是研究梳状聚合物的离子运动和导电性的理想材料。

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水溶性壳聚糖的制备与应用赵文伟,于黎,钟晓光,张月芳,孙家珍(中国科学院长春应用化学研究所,长春130022)壳聚糖(chitosan,(1,4)-2-胺基-2-脱氧-β-D-葡聚糖)是由甲壳素(chitin,(1,4)-2-乙酰胺基-2-2脱氧-β...

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A novel amorphous thermoplastic polyimide (PTI) is being developed as a potential matrix resin for advanced composites. This paper describes the manufacture of the resin, prepreg, and processing of the composite. The chemical and physical behavior of the resin during the processing was determined by infrared spectroscopy and rheology. The influence of processing conditions on the composite properties was investigated. Mechanical properties of the unidirectional carbon fiber/PTI laminates were also presented.

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溶液中高分子的交叠和缠结与其链结构密切相关。支化聚苯乙烯的临界交叠浓度C和临界缠结浓度C_E比分子量相同的线型聚苯乙烯的大,说明交叠和缠结同分子在溶液中线团的体积有直接关系。

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本文用DSC研究了尼龙1010熔体以—320K/min速率骤冷样品在不同升温速率(R)时的冷结晶与熔融过程。发现冷结晶温度不随R变化,冷结晶时间t_c=153R~(-1.07),冷结晶热ΔH_c=-19.1R~(-0.75);R对熔融温度无影响,当R≤40K/min时,熔融热ΔH_m变化不大;由ΔH_m和ΔH_c求得的结晶度有一定差值,是由于熔融过程伴有结晶作用所致,可定性地用熔融峰的ΔT_1=T_(onset)—T_i表征。

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前言磁性橡胶五线谱教示板是磁性高分子材料在教具中的具体应用。它是采用液体聚合物与铁氧体复合而成。对于橡胶型我们研究了两个反应体系。一是以低粘度端羟基液体聚丁二烯(HTPB)为粘合剂的反应体系,二是以吉林省特产蓖麻油为主要原料的聚氨酯反应体系。前者力学性能好,但成本高,后者原料来源丰富,价格便宜,力学性能稍差些,但对于磁性五线谱教示板的应用完全可满足使用要求。

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peptide composition and arrangement of 4 major light-harvesting complexes LHCP1-3 and LHCP3, isolated from siphonous green algae (Codium fragile (Sur.) Hariot.) were investigated. LHCP1 showed five main peptides, 34.4, 31.5, 29.5, 28.2 and 26.5 kD in SDS-PAGE, the 34.4 and 31.5 kD peptides were never found in higher plants. LHCP3 contained the other four kinds of LHCP1 peptides except 34.4 kD, while LHCP3, consisted of only 28.2 and 26.5 kD peptides. We found that 34.4, 28.2 and 26.5 kD peptides were easy to decompose from LHCP1 when subjected to SDS-PACE without pretreatment. They might be located at the exterior of LHCP1, while the 31.5 and 29.5 kD peptides were at the central part. The 28.2 and 26.5 kD peptides often occurred in CPa, the center complex of PS II. They are possibly the LHC II peptides tightly associated with CC II. According to the results described above, a peptide map of LHCP1 was sketched.