Factors influencing the timing and frequency of spawning and fecundity of the goldlined seabream (Rhabdosargus sarba) (Sparidae) in the lower reaches of an estuary

We have studied the reproductive biology of the goldlined seabream (Rhabdosargus sarba) in the lower Swan River Estuary in Western Australia, focusing particularly on elucidating the factors influencing the duration, timing, and frequency of spawning and on determining potential annual fecundity. Our results demonstrate that 1) Rhabdosargus sarba has indeterminate fecundity, 2) oocyte hydration commences soon after dusk (ca. 18:30 h) and is complete by ca. 01:30−04:30 h and 3) fish with ovaries containing migratory nucleus oocytes, hydrated oocytes, or postovulatory follicles were caught between July and November. However, in July and August, their prevalence was low, whereas that of fish with ovaries containing substantial numbers of atretic yolk granule oocytes was high. Thus, spawning activity did not start to peak until September (early spring), when salinities were rising markedly from their winter minima. The prevalence of spawning was positively correlated with tidal height and was greatest on days when the tide changed from flood to ebb at ca. 06:00 h, i.e., just after spawning had ceased. Because our estimate of the average daily prevalence of spawning by females during the spawning season (July to November) was 36.5%, individual females were estimated to spawn, on average, at intervals of about 2.7 days and thus about 45 times during that period. Therefore, because female R. sarba with total lengths of 180, 220, and 260 mm were estimated to have batch fecundities of about 4500, 7700, and 12,400 eggs, respectively, they had potential annual fecundities of about 204,300, 346,100 and 557,500 eggs, respectively. Because spawning occurs just prior to strong ebb tides, the eggs of R. sarba are likely to be transported out of the estuary into coastal waters where salinities remain at ca. 35‰. Such downstream transport would account for the fact that, although R. sarba exhibits substantial spawning activity in the lower Swan River Estuary, few of its early juveniles are recruited into the nearshore shallow waters of this estuary.

绵羊大肠阻塞病理模型血浆及组织中内皮素-1含量的变化

选择绵羊建立反刍动物大肠阻塞病理模型,对手术前、后静脉血浆及死亡后心脏、肝脏、脾脏、肺脏、肾脏、胰脏和肠组织中内皮素-1(ET-1)含量进行测定,探讨了该模型血浆及组织中ET-1含量的变化和临床意义。结果表明:模型组和对照组手术前血浆ET-1含量分别为(57.81±2.95)ng/L和(62.72±3.17)ng/L,手术后含量分别为(41.87±8.06)ng/L和(60.74±4.68)ng/L,模型组术后ET--1含量明显下降(P<0.05);每30min间隔采血,模型组术前、术后第2天和第4天ET--1含量依次降低,差异极显著(P<0.01);模型组心、肺、肾组织中的ET-1含量分别为(273.28±53.7)、(270.65±98.6)、(249.32±20.8)ng/L,分别比对照组心脏(105.73±32.2)ng/L、肺脏((34.34±6.73)ng/L、肾脏(50.43±12.89)ng/L明显升高(P<0.01)。这些变化可能与肠阻塞的发生、发展有密切关系。

Use of the aquatic protozoa to formulate a community biotic index for an urban water system

Protozoan were collected from 16 stations in water system of Changde City (China) using the PFU method. Sampling programs were conduced on a yearly basis, with seasonal frequency at diverse sites in the water system and 488 species of protozoa was identified. At the same time, Water sampling from these stations was conducted and various water chemical parameters, including DO, COD, BOD5, NH3, TP, and Volatile Phenol, were analyzed. The aim of the research was, on one hand, using chemical method to take an investigation to the water pollution status of Changde City; on the other hand, using protozoan to make an evaluation to the water quality. With the chemical water parameters and protozoa data, a biotic index was derived for the investigated region. The species pollution value (SPV) of 469 protozoa species was established, and the community pollution value (CPV) calculated from SPV was used to evaluate water quality. The method of the biotic index was tested and the result showed that CPV calculated from SPV had a close correlation with the degree of water pollution (p < 0.00001). This indicated that the method of the biotic index is reliable. The water quality degrees divided by CPV were suggested. (c) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Design and fabrication of 1.06 mu m resonant-cavity enhanced reflective modulator with GaInAs/GaAs quantum wells

A resonant-cavity enhanced reflective optical modulator is designed and frabricated, with three groups of three highly strained InGaAS/GaAs quantum wells in the cavity, for the low voltage and high contrast ratio operation. The quantum wells are positioned in antinodes of the optical standing wave. The modulator is grown in a single growth step in an molecular beam epitaxy system, using GaAs/AIAs distributed Bragg reflectors as both the top and bottom mirrors. Results show that the reflection device has a modulation extinction of 3 dB at -4.5 V bias.

RCE photodiodes at wavelength band of 1.06 μm

Resonant cavity enhancement (RCE) typed optical detector and modulator which operating at wavelength band of 1.06 μm is reported. The peak quantum efficiency of detector is reasonably high as 50% without bias, and the photocurrent contrast ratio of modulator is 3.6 times at -3.5 V as compared to 0 V. The incident angle dependence of RCE device's photoelectric response is investigated carefully.

我国主要类型生态系统结构功能与提高生产力途径研究──KJ85－06项目1991～1995研究进展简介

ＫＪ８５－０６项目是“八五”期间由中国科学院资助的最大的生态学研究计划．１９个研究所、２０个试验站、５３０余名科技人员参加了该项计划，５年总经费１０００万元．研究工作取得了重大进展，迄今已发表论文４５０余篇、专著３部，尚有大量论文与多部专著将陆续出版．本文简要介绍了有关主要研究进展，并就生态系统优化管理研究和生态过程、人类活动影响联网研究提出了两点主张．

Simultaneous voltammetric determination of acetophenetidin, aminopyrine, acetaminophenol and aminophenol on a glassy carbon electrode

The voltammetric behaviour of acetophenetidin(A(1)) aminopyrine(A(2)) acetaminophenol(A(3)) and aminophenol(A(4)) was investigated by linear-sweep, differential-pulse, cyclic voltammetry at a glassy carbon electrode. In a medium of 0.1 mol/L NaOH solution, 4 high sensitivity and resolution anodic peaks were obtained. Their peak potentials are about at 0.68 V, 0.51, 0.22 and - 0.06 V( vs. Ag/AgCl). They can be used for direct determination of A(1), A(2),A(3),A(4) in samples respectively. The method is simple and rapid. The mechanism of the electrode reaction was discussed.

多组分有机物在玻碳电极上的伏安法测定

对乙酰氨基苯乙醚、氨基比林、乙酰氨基苯酚、氨基苯酚等4种有机物在玻碳电极上的伏安行为进行了研究.在0.1mol/L氢氧化钠溶液中得4个灵敏度和分辨率良好的阳极氧化峰,E_p分别为0.68,0.51,0.22,-0.06 V(vs.AgCl/Ag)左右,样品不需分离直接测定.20多种有机生化物质不干扰,方法简便快速.并对电极反应进行了探讨.

RE_(0.06)La_(0.94)Nb_2O_6Cl的制备与光谱性质(RE=Pr、Eu、Tb、Dy)

本文采用真空下气体输运技术制备RE_(0.06)La_(0.94)Nb_2O_6Cl(RE=Pr、Eu、Tb、Dy)小单晶和多晶粉末样品。测定其晶体结构与LaNb_2O_6Cl的晶体结构相同,为正交晶系;Eu_(0.06)La_(0.94)Nb_2O_6Cl小单晶的晶胞参数为:a=9.751,b=7.321,c=8.364。观察RE_(0.06)La_(0.94)Nb_2O_6Cl(RE=Pr、Eu、Tb、Dy)的特征激发光谱和发射光谱及其能量传递现象。

The structure of Aquifex aeolicus sulfide:quinone oxidoreductase, a basis to understand sulfide detoxification and respiration

Sulfide: quinone oxidoreductase (SQR) is a flavoprotein with homologues in all domains of life except plants. It plays a physiological role both in sulfide detoxification and in energy transduction. We isolated the protein from native membranes of the hyperthermophilic bacterium Aquifex aeolicus, and we determined its X-ray structure in the "as-purified,'' substrate-bound, and inhibitor-bound forms at resolutions of 2.3, 2.0, and 2.9 angstrom, respectively. The structure is composed of 2 Rossmann domains and 1 attachment domain, with an overall monomeric architecture typical of disulfide oxidoreductase flavoproteins. A. aeolicus SQR is a surprisingly trimeric, periplasmic integral monotopic membrane protein that inserts about 12 angstrom into the lipidic bilayer through an amphipathic helix-turn-helix tripodal motif. The quinone is located in a channel that extends from the si side of the FAD to the membrane. The quinone ring is sandwiched between the conserved amino acids Phe-385 and Ile-346, and it is possibly protonated upon reduction via Glu-318 and/or neighboring water molecules. Sulfide polymerization occurs on the re side of FAD, where the invariant Cys-156 and Cys-347 appear to be covalently bound to polysulfur fragments. The structure suggests that FAD is covalently linked to the polypeptide in an unusual way, via a disulfide bridge between the 8-methyl group and Cys-124. The applicability of this disulfide bridge for transferring electrons from sulfide to FAD, 2 mechanisms for sulfide polymerization and channeling of the substrate, S2-, and of the product, S-n, in and out of the active site are discussed.

牙鲆生长相关性状遗传力估计

遗传力是数量遗传学的重要参数，对鱼类良种选育具有重要意义。可靠的遗传力估计值可以为合理制定育种计划提供宝贵信息，同时可以预测选择反应。本文按照10×3因子设计方法，10尾雄鱼与3尾雌鱼两两授精，产生10个父系半同胞、3个母系半同胞及30个全同胞家系，以微卫星分子标记为家系鉴定手段，对40日龄牙鲆生长相关性状遗传力进行了估计；同时，初步探讨了因子交配设计及人工控制条件下，亲本对子代遗传贡献率差异及有效群体大小。主要结论包括：1.初步筛选的14个微卫星位点中，有9个（Po91、Po1、Po56、Po20、Poli23、Po89、Poli121、Po42、Po13）在亲本中呈现中、高度多态性：平均等位基因9.4个；平均亲本特异性等位基因4个。用5个位点（Po91、Po1、Po56、Po20、Poli23）为346个子代中的227个个体找到所属家系；继续用另外4个位点（Po89、Poli121、Po42、Po13）分型，成功鉴定72个个体。鉴定率约86%，其中，亲本特异性等位基因的存在使鉴定效率大大提高。以上9个位点可为该群体良种选育工作提供技术支持。2. 发生降解的DNA与完整的DNA，在相同引物、相同PCR体系、相同模板浓度下扩增的带型一致。该结果证实了微卫星分型对降解的DNA同样稳定。3. 亲本对子代的遗传贡献率存在差异。雄亲的贡献率为5.8—14.3%，除3号、9号子代数较少，5号、6号子代数较多外，其它父本基本一致；母本对子代的贡献率差异较大（18.5%—50.6%），这与人工授精前雌亲发育状况、卵子质量检测结果基本一致，在一定程度上说明，母本尤其是卵子质量对鱼类早期存活具有较大影响。4. 家系内子代数目的不平衡导致实际有效群体大小下降。Ne=7.44，比理论有效群体大小（9.23）下降约19%。但与自然交配相比（有效群体下降可达75%），人工控制下的交配在一定程度上可有效限制遗传多样性的下降。5. 基于父本方差组分，40日龄生长相关性状遗传力估计值（h2s±S.E.）为（0.157±0.052）－（0.440±0.137）。加性遗传方差在表型方差中所占的比例，在一定程度上表明该牙鲆群体生长性状具有一定的选择力度。

长江口水域富营养化的形成、演变与特点研究

本文以我国长江口水域富营养化为研究对象，对长江水体溶解态无机氮、磷分布特点和通量变化进行了分析，基于长江流域氮“输入-输出”关系模型探索了水体氮的来源；分析了长江口水域富营养化长期演变及特点；探索了长江口海域低氧区的发生机制。结果如下： 长江水体中NO3--N、NH4+-N、DIN和DIP浓度从上游往下游呈增加趋势，但存在季节差异。长江流域从上游往下游的DIN输送通量的变化主要受水流量的影响，但从上游往下游单位面积年产N量逐渐升高；DIP输送通量从上游往下游呈增加趋势，同时也主要受水流量控制，但从季节变化来讲，DIP的月输送通量受其浓度的控制更加明显。自20世纪60年代来，长江水体中NO3--N、NO2--N、DIN和DIP浓度都处于缓慢上升趋势，但到80年代上升速度明显加快；不同历史时期DIN和DIP的季节变化特点也不尽相同，反映出其来源的差异。同时，本研究采用长江流域氮“输入-输出”关系模型（污染负荷统计模型）对长江水体氮来源进行了分析，估算了各种氮源对水体氮的贡献率。结果表明，2006年向长江流域输入氮的总量为17.6 Tg，其中20%的输入氮转移到了水体（3.5 Tg）。本年度长江大通水文站实测氮输送通量为1.8 Tg，表明约50%的氮在水体输送过程中发生了生物、化学、物理损耗。对于长江水体氮的来源来讲，饲养牲畜粪便氮流失和大气干/湿沉降氮的贡献率较大，分别为26%和25%；农业氮肥流失和城市生活污水排放的贡献率相同，都为17%；农村人口粪便氮流失和工业废水排放的贡献率分别为6%和9%。 自20世纪60年代以来，长江口口门内和外海（盐度>30psu）水体中营养盐浓度增加显著。在表层水体盐度大于22psu海域DIN: PO43--P值表现出了明显升高的历史变化趋势。SiO3: PO43--P值从1959年到1985-86年显著下降，然后到2003-06年有所上升。根据SiO3: PO43--P值和DIN: PO43--P值的长期变化趋势，可以推出，SiO3: DIN值从20世纪50-60年代以后呈现下降趋势。在长江口海域，随着营养盐浓度的增加，浮游生物量的大幅度升高在本研究中得到证实。同时，长江口水域浮游植物种群结构对营养盐结构的长期变化产生响应，研究结果表明，硅藻种类比重从1985-86年84.6% 下降到2004-05年69.8%；年均硅藻丰度占浮游植物总丰度比重在1985-86年达到99.5%，但到2004-05年降低为75.5%，而甲藻丰度比重则由0.7%增大到25.4%。 底层水体DO浓度与Delta S（底层水体与表层水体的盐度之差）和Delta T（表层水体与底层水体的温度之差）成显著负相关，这表明了水体层化或者垂直水体交换是控制长江口水域底层水体溶解氧变化的主要因素，但水体温度层化要比盐度层化在控制低氧区形成上起到更大的作用。上升流在该海域低氧的形成和分布上起到很重要的作用，显著影响低氧水团的垂直分布，也显著影响到溶解氧的水平分布。现场生产的浮游植物可能是低氧区的形成的生物基础，日益增加的叶绿素a浓度和大规模的有害藻华可能是长江口低氧区逐渐增大的原因。本研究认为，此海域低氧区的形成主要受长江冲淡水、台湾暖流的入侵、地形、尤其是温跃层的形成和现场生产的有机物质控制。

军队医学科技人员身心健康与影响因素的研究

To study the relationship between mental-physical health and coping behavior,job stress and job motivation in medical laboratory scientists and technicians. A cross-section survey was conducted,using the anxiety rating scale(SAS), depression rating scale(SDS), coping behavior rating scale,self-rating subhealth scale,self-rating stress scale,and self-rating job motivation scale among 289 medical laboratory scientists and technicians with analysis of ANOVA and Regression. The study was carried out in three steps:step1 is to analyze the general situation of the mental-physical health.Step 2 is to analyze the features of the main influencial facotors.Step 3 is to study the influence of the relative factors on mental-physical health.The following are the results: 1.The anxiety and depression scores of the medical researchers and technicians were 30±6 and 37±8 respectively,both significantly lower than those of the national norm（34±6 and 42±11 respectively,both P<0.01）,which are of significant difference. The depression score of the associate chief technician was 42±7, significantly higher than those of the medical researchers and technicians with any other professional titles (all P<0.05）, and the anxiety score of the associate chief technicians was 32±7, significantly higher than that of the research fellows（28±4, P<0.05），with no significant difference to the score of the medical researchers and technicians with other professional titles. The depression score,anxiety score and the subhealth score of the age group of 36～49 were 39±9,31±7 and 32±9 respectively, both higher than that of the age group of 20～35 （36±8,29±6 and 29±7 respectively,both P<0.05）,while there is much diference among other age groups. And the subhealth status has nothing to do with marital status,education background and professional titles. 2.The coping behaviors,job stress and motivation of the military medical laboratory scientists and technicians. 1）Coping behaviors:The seeking help score of the associate chief technicians was 2.8±0.5,not significantly different from that of the associate research fellows（2.8±0.5）,but significantly lower than those of the medical researchers and technicians with other professional titles(all P<0.01),and whose self-blame score was higher than that of the research fellows,which is of significant difference.The self-blame score and the imagination score of the associate research fellows were 2.0±0.5 and 2.4±0.5 respectively, significantly higher than that of the research fellows(1.6±0.4, 2.1±0.4,both P<0.01). The seeking help score of the females was 3.1±0.5, significantly higher than that of the males(2.9±0.5, both P<0.01),and the solving problem score was 3.4±0.6,significantly lower than the male(3.6±0.7, both P<0.01).There is no any significant difference in coping behaviors among researchers and technicians of different marital status,education background and age groups. 2)Job stress: The score of job stress of the age group of 35~49 and 50~60 were 23±8 and 25±6 respectively,significantly higher than that of the 20~35(21±7,both P<0.05). There is no any significant difference in job stress among researchers and technicians of different marital status,gender,professional titles and education background. 3)The score of meeting personal desire for reputation and interests of the males was 19.6±5.4，significantly higher than that of the females(18.4±5.0, both P<0.05), while there is no significant difference in job motivation among researchers and technicians of different titles,education,age and marital status. 3.The relationship of the mental-physical health of the military medical laboratory scientists and technicians with their coping behaviors,job stress and motivations 1) Coping behaviors:Regression analysis showed that, the best predictors of subhealth were anxiety,depression and escaping (β=-0.40,β=0.23, β=0.14, both P<0.01).the best predictors of anxiety and depression were active coping behaviors and negative coping behaviors (β=-0.40,β=0.40, both P<0.01).The moderate(rational) coping behaviors is the best predictor only of anxiety and of significant difference. 2)job stress : Regression analysis demonstrated that anxiety,depression,job stress 2 and job stress 4 are the best predictor for subhealth;job stress 12 is the best retro-predictor for depression; job stress 3 and 8 are the best predictor for depression;and job stress 2 and 9 are the best predictor for anxiety ,which are of significant difference. 3)Motivation:Regression analysis demonstrated that depression is the best predictor for subhealth while motivation itself doesn't predict subhealth;with respect to the specific contents of motivation,"probing unknown rules and making contributions to the human society "is the best retro-predictor for depression and has nothing to do with anxiety prediction. 4) The combined influences of coping behaviors,job stress and motivations: Regression analysis showed that, the best predictors for subhealth were anxiety,depression and job stress(β=0.41,β=0.24, β=0.19, both P<0.01).the best predictors for anxiety and depression were active coping behaviors and negative coping behaviors (β=-0.40,β=0.40, both P<0.01).The moderate(rational) coping behaviors is the best predictor only for anxiety and of significant difference. CONCLUSIONS: Regression analysis showed that the best predictors for anxiety and depression were active coping behaviors and negative coping behaviors, the best predictors for subhealth were anxiety,depression and job stress.Coping behaviors, job stress and motivations have significant influences on the mental-physical health of the military medical researchers and and technicians. Among them,coping behavior is the most important factor while job stress and motivation follow. Seeking help more often,less self-blame ,imagination and job stress could help release the anxiety, depression and improve the subhealth of the medical researchers and technicians. The findings of this study indicate we should address the physical and mental health of the military laboratory researchers and technicians.

Solos das "Glebas 01, 02, 03 e 06" do Município de Machadinho D´Oeste-RO.

O Município de Machadinho d´Oeste, em Rondônia foi escolhido para um estudo de longo prazo. Já são 10 anos de acompanhamento de mais de 450 pequenas propriedades rurais e cerca de 250 variáveis biofísicas, sócio-econômicas e ambientais. A duração deste projeto é de 100 anos. Os estudos pedológicos da área do "Projeto de Assentamento Machadinho" teve como objetivos identificar os solos das Glebas e implementar uma base de dados do meio físico em escala municipal, através do uso de técnicas de geoprocessamento (SIG´s); bem com o caracterizar e avaliar química, física e morfologicamente os perfis de solos representativos das principais unidades identificadas, a fim de promover o desenvolvimento agrícola da região e fornecer subsídios para estudos em áreas semelhantes na Amazônia.