Detection of Pneumocystis in lungs of bats from Brazil by PCR amplification

Pneumocystis has been isolated from a wide range of unrelated mammalian hosts, including humans, domestic and wild animals. It has been demonstrated that the genome of Pneumocystis of one host differs markedly from that of other hosts. Also, variation in the chromosome and DNA sequence of Pneumocystis within a single host species has been observed. Since information about the occurrence and nature of infections in wild animals is still limited, the objective of this work was to detect the presence of Pneumocystis sp. in lungs of bats from two states from Brazil by Nested-PCR amplification. The bats, captured in caves and in urban areas, were obtained from the Program of Rabies Control of two States in Brazil, Mato Grosso and Rio Grande do Sul, located in the Mid-Western and Southern regions of the country, respectively. DNAs were extracted from 102 lung tissues and screened for Pneumocystis by nested PCR at the mtLSU rRNA gene and small subunit of mitochondrial ribosomal RNA (mtSSU rRNA). Gene amplification was performed using the mtLSU rRNA, the primer set pAZ102H - pAZ102E and pAZ102X - pAZY, and the mtSSU rRNA primer set pAZ102 10FRI - pAZ102 10R-RI and pAZ102 13RI - pAZ102 14RI. The most frequent bats were Tadarida brasiliensis (25), Desmodus rotundus (20), and Nyctinomops laticaudatus (19). Pneumocystis was more prevalent in the species Nyctinomops laticaudatus (26.3% = 5/19), Tadarida brasiliensis (24% = 6/25), and Desmodus rotundus (20% = 4/20). Besides these species, Pneumocystis also was detected in lungs from Molossus molossus (1/11, 9.1%), Artibeus fimbriatus (1/1, 100%), Sturnira lilium (1/3, 33.3%), Myotis levis (2/3, 66.7%)and Diphylla ecaudata (1/2, 50%). PCR products which could indicate the presence of Pneumocystis (21.56%) were identified in DNA samples obtained from 8 out of 16 classified species from both states (5 bats were not identified). This is the first report of detection of Pneumocystis in bats from Brazil.

Estudo dos compostos voláteis de algumas espécies de eucalipto através do uso de microextração em fase sólida no modo headspace (HS-SPME)

Neste trabalho utilizou-se a técnica de HS-SPME/GC/ITMS para o estudo qualitativo dos compostos voláteis (VOC) emitidos pelas folhas de três espécies de Eucalyptus (E.): E. citriodora, E. dunnii e E. saligna tanto em laboratório como in situ, além do estudo da relação entre folhas de eucalipto e rãs Litoria ewingi. Para este fim, foram desenvolvidos métodos análiticos. Os compostos tentativamente como (E,E)-a-farseno, (E)-4,8-dimetil-1,3,7-nonatrieno (DMNT),(E,E)-4,8,12-trimetil-1,3,7,11-tridecatetraeno (TMTT),B-cariofileno,a-cariofileno, gerrmacreno D e (E,E,E)-3,7,11,15-tetrametil-1,3,6,10,14-hexadecapentaeno (TMHP) foram encontrados no headspace de folhas picadas de eucalipto, sendo que os três primeiros também foram nas emissões áreas de E. saligna in situ, não tendo sido encontrados nos óleos voláteis das mesmas árvores, obtidos por hidrodestilação. Nas amostragens in situ, foram observados dois tipos de perfis circadianos nas emissões voláteis, incluindo compostos como cis-, trans-óxido de rosa, trans-B-ocimeno, citronelal, citronelol, entre outros. O comportamento dos compostos citados sugere que os mesmos sejam semioquímicos. Os resultados obtidos com HS-SPME (PDMS/DVB) mostraram que esta é uma ferramenta analítica relativamente simples, que preserva a vida devido ao seu caráter não invasivo, de mínima pertubação do sistema vivo sob amostragem e que, devido a sua rapidez (1 min), permite o acompanhamento de alteraçãoes rápidas provocadas por processos endógenos e/ou exógenos nos seres vivos. O monitoramento da emissão de voláteis de folhas in situ durante 8 a 10 h por vários dias consecutivos, e a extração dos voláteis de rãs vivas sob estresse, submetidas a diferentes condições de dieta e meio ambiente, exemplificam o potencial desta técnica, que abre novos horizontes na investigação de voláteis de seres vivos.

Determinação direta e simultânea de Al, As, Fe, Mn e Ni em cachaça por espectrometria de absorção atômica em forno de grafite

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

[Collection de cartes postales classées méthodiquement pour l'enseignement de la géographie, Paris, F. Nathan, s.d. (1928), offert par l'éditeur. 353 cartes postales en 15 paquets. 1. Généralités, définitions principales (1-25) 2. Ports de commerce, de pêche, militaires, fluviaux (26-50) 3. Pêches et industries diverses (51-75) 4. Relief du sol (76-95) 5. Communications en montagne (96-119) 6. Histoire d'un fleuve (120-139) 7. Phénomènes dus à l'érosion (140-159) 8. Voies de communication (160-179) 9. Paris (180-204) 10. Algérie (205-228) 11. Tunisie (229-253) 12. Maroc (254-278) 13. A.O.F. et A.E.F. (279-303) 14. Madagascar (304-328) 15. Indochine (329-353)]

Donateur : Nathan, Fernand (1858-1947)

Can occupational therapy intervention play a part in maintaining independence and quality of life in older people? A randomised controlled trial Jeannine Liddle 1 , 2 , Lyn March 3 , Barbara Carfrae 4 , Terence Finnegan 5 , Jane Druce 6 , Jennifer Schwarz 7 Peter Brooks

The main objective of this study was to see if older people could maintain their quality of life and independence after their homes had been modified and they were using community services as recommended by an occupational therapist. There were 167 study participants aged 69 to 94 years from the Northern Sydney Area, After being assessed at home by an occupational therapist, 105 were randomly allocated to one of two groups, to either have or not have the occupational therapist's recommendations carried out, They were assessed again after six months, A third group did not require any intervention, This group was followed up by telephone and postal questionnaire at six months. The main outcome measures used were the Sickness Impact Profile, the Philadelphia Geriatric Center Morale Scale, the Life Satisfaction Index, assessment of Activities of Daily Living, the Health Assessment Questionnaire and change in residence. After six months there were no difference in outcomes among the three groups. Most study participants remained at a satisfactory level on each measure. Three people had died, One had moved to hostel care and one had moved to a nursing home. A further 14 from the group having no intervention had withdrawn from the study, A secondary objective of this study was to indicate the responsiveness of these outcome measures to change in the short term (over six months) in an elderly population. Twelve-month assessments are in progress and may indicate what to expect from these outcome measures in the medium term.