Crown and crown-root fractures: an evaluation of the treatment plans for management proposed by 154 specialists in restorative dentistry

Traumatic tooth injuries involve function and aesthetics and cause damage that range from minimal enamel loss to complex fractures involving the pulp tissue and even loss of the tooth crown. Technical knowledge and clinical experience are essential to establish an accurate diagnosis and provide a rational treatment. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the knowledge of Restorative Dentistry specialists about the management of crown and crown-root fractures based on treatment plans proposed by these professionals for these cases. A descriptive questionnaire was mailed to 245 Restorative Dentistry specialists with questions referring to their professional profile and the treatment plans they would propose for the management of crown and crow-root fractures resulting from dental trauma. One hundred and fifty-four questionnaires were returned properly filled. The data were subjected to descriptive statistics and the chi-square test was used to determine the frequency and the level of the significance among the variables. The analysis of data showed that in spite of having a specialist title, all interviewees had great difficulty in planning the treatments. As much as 42.8% of the participants were unable to treat all types of dental trauma. Complicated and uncomplicated crown-root fractures posed the greatest difficulties for the dentists to establish adequate treatment plans because these fractures require multidisciplinary knowledge and approach for a correct case planning and prognosis.

Isolation and characterization of latent and active polyphenoloxidase in BRS Clara (CNPUV 154-147 x Centennial seedless) and BRS Morena (Marroo seedless x Centennial seedless) seedless table grapes

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Samuel Avon Smith Diary- Accession 284 - M121 (154)

The Samuel Avon Smith Diary is a journal written Samuel Avon Smith who was a Confederate soldier during the American Civil War (Company H, 5th Regiment, SC) and a doctor. The journal was written from ca. 1830-1876 or beyond (some pages have been destroyed). The first part is a reminiscence of his life from 1830 to ca. 1873 and from that point on he gives a monthly account of life in Bullock’s Creek, SC. Subjects covered in the journal are the battles of Manassas and Seven Pines, Confederate Troops at Leesburg, the reorganization of the Confederate Army, the march to Richmond, the conditions of the troops, wounds received at the battle of Seven Pines and his medical treatment at the Confederate hospital in Manchester, Virginia, his education at the Ebenezer Academy and the Medical College of SC in Charleston; his life, practice, and health conditions in Gaston County, NC, Lincoln County, NC, and in Bullock’s Creek, SC; and sentiments towards the reconstruction government and Ku Klux Klan. There is also mention of a conflict between Blacks and Whites in Chester County, SC in 1871.

Dall’intervento di mediazione culturale all’attivazione di processi di mediazione interculturale nell’ottica dell’integrazione del sistema Cacciavillani Federica e Di Bella Sofia

Questo materiale è disponibile on line. Pertanto è utile per integrare le lezioni sulla mediazione culturale

Il nucleotide extracellulare UTP: induzione della migrazione di cellule staminali emopoietiche CD34+

La letteratura scientifica degli ultimi anni si è arricchita di un numero sempre crescente di studi volti a chiarire i meccanismi che presiedono ai processi di homing di cellule staminali emopoietiche e del loro attecchimento a lungo termine nel midollo osseo. Tali fenomeni sembrano coinvolgere da un lato, l’interazione delle cellule staminali emopoietiche con la complessa architettura e componente cellulare midollare, e dall’altro la riposta ad un’ampia gamma di molecole regolatrici, tra le quali chemochine, citochine, molecole di adesione, enzimi proteolitici e mediatori non peptidici. Fanno parte di quest’ultimo gruppo anche i nucleotidi extracellulari, un gruppo di molecole-segnale recentemente caratterizzate come mediatori di numerose risposte biologiche, tra le quali l’allestimento di fenomeni flogistici e chemiotattici. Nel presente studio è stata investigata la capacità dei nucleotidi extracellulari ATP ed UTP di promuovere, in associazione alla chemochina CXCL12, la migrazione di cellule staminali umane CD34+. E’ così emerso che la stimolazione con UTP è in grado di incrementare significativamente la migrazione dei progenitori emopoietici in risposta al gradiente chemioattrattivo di CXCL12, nonché la loro capacità adesiva. Le analisi citofluorimetriche condotte su cellule migranti sembrano inoltre suggerire che l’UTP agisca interferendo con le dinamiche di internalizzazione del recettore CXCR4, rendendo così le cellule CD34+ maggiormente responsive, e per tempi più lunghi, al gradiente attrattivo del CXCL12. Saggi di homing competitivo in vivo hanno parallelamente mostrato, in topi NOD/SCID, che la stimolazione con UTP aumenta significativamente la capacità dei progenitori emopoeitci umani di localizzarsi a livello midollare. Sono state inoltre indagate alcune possibili vie di trasduzione del segnale attivate dalla stimolazione di recettori P2Y con UTP. Esperimenti di inibizione in presenza della tossina della Pertosse hanno evidenziato il coinvolgimento di proteine Gαi nella migrazione dipendente da CXCL12 ed UTP. Ulteriori indicazioni sono provenute dall’analisi del profilo trascrizionale di cellule staminali CD34+ stimolate con UTP, con CXCL12 o con entrambi i fattori contemporaneamente. Da questa analisi è emerso il ruolo di proteine della famiglia delle Rho GTPasi e di loro effettori a valle (ROCK 1 e ROCK 2) nel promuovere la migrazione UTP-dipendente. Questi dati sono stati confermati successivamente in vitro mediante esperimenti con Tossina B di C. Difficile (un inibitore delle Rho GTPasi) e con Y27632 (in grado di inibire specificatamente le cinasi ROCK). Nel complesso, i dati emersi in questo studio dimostrano la capacità del nucleotide extracellulare UTP di modulare la migrazione in vitro di progenitori emopoietici umani, nonché il loro homing midollare in vivo. L’effetto dell’UTP su questi fenomeni si esplica in concerto con la chemochina CXCL12, attraverso l’attivazione concertata di vie di trasduzione del segnale almeno parzialmente condivise da CXCR4 e recettori P2Y e attraverso il reclutamento comune di proteine ad attività GTPasica, tra le quali le proteine Gαi e i membri della famiglia delle Rho GTPasi.

Identificazione di profili di rischio cardiovascolare nel trapianto di rene: polimorfismi di geni coinvolti nei processi di infiammazione e di apoptosi

Introduction. Cardiovascular disease (CVD) represents the main cause of morbidity and mortality in kidney recipients. This study was undertaken to assess the impact of functional polymorphisms located in cytokine and apoptosis genes on CVD after kidney transplantation. Cytokine polymorphisms, generally located in gene regulatory regions, are associated with high and low cytokine production and are likely to modulate the magnitude of inflammatory responses following transplantation, depending on the balance between the levels of pro-inflammatory and antiinflammatory cytokines. The role of apoptosis in atherosclerosis has not been completely elucidated, and here we explored the hypothesis that the heterogeneity in cardiovascular risk in kidney recipients may also be linked to functional polymorphisms involved in apoptosis induction. Purpose. In the search for relevant genetic markers of predisposition to CVD after renal transplant, the present investigation was undertaken to identify the clinical impact of polymorphisms of cytokines TNF-α, TGF-β, IL-10, IL-6, IFN-γ and IL-8 and of apoptosis genes Fas and Caspase 9 in a population of kidney transplant recipients. Materials and methods. The study involved 167 patients who received cadaveric kidney transplantation at our centre between 1997 and 2005 (minimum follow-up of 12 months); 35 of them had experienced cardiovascular events (CVD group) and 132 had no cardiovascular complications (non-CVD group). Genotyping was performed using RFLP (Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism) for RFLP per IL-8/T-251A, Fas/G-670A e Casp9/R221Q polymorphism and SSP (Sequence Specific Primer) for TNF-α/G-308A, TGF-β/L10P, TGF-β/R25P, IL-10/G-1082A, IL- 10/C-819T, IL-10/C-592A, IL-6/G-174C, IFN-γ/T+874A polymorphisms.Results. We found a significant difference in TNF-α and IL-10 genotype frequencies between the patients who had suffered cardiovascular events and those with no CVD history. The high producer genotype for proflogistic cytokine TNF-α appeared to have a significantly superior prevalence in the CVD group compared to the non-CVD group (40.0% vs 21.2%) and it resulted in a 2.4-fold increased cardiovascular risk (OR=2.361; p=0.0289). On the other hand, the high producer genotype for the antiinflammatory cytokine IL-10 was found in 2.8% of the CVD group and in 16.7% of non-CVD group; logistic regression showed a 0.3-fold reduced risk of CVD associated with genetically determined high IL-10 production (OR=0.278; p<0.0001). The other polymorphisms did not prove to have any impact on CVD. Conclusions. TNF-α and IL-10 gene polymorphisms might represent cardiovascular risk markers in renal transplant recipients.