Coleção das Leis da República dos Estados Unidos do Brasil de 1952

Parte 1 - Atos do Poder Legislativo

Chemosensory response of marine flagellate towards L- and D- dissolved free amino acids generated during heavy grazing on bacteria

This study investigated the generation of dissolved free amino acids (DFAA) by the bacterivorous flagellate Rhynchomonas nasuta when feeding on abundant prey. Specifically, it examined whether this flagellate protist exhibits a chemosensory response towards those amino acids. The concentrations of glycine and the and D-enantiomers of glutamate, serine, threonine, alanine, and leucine were determined in co-cultures of the flagellate and bacteria. Glycine, L- and D-alanine, and L-serine were found to accumulate under these conditions in amounts that correlated positively with flagellate abundance, suggesting that protists are involved in their generation. Investigations of the chemotactic response of young and old foraging protists to the same amino acids, offered in concentrations similar to those previously generated, showed that glycine elicited the strongest attraction in both age groups. Young protists were strongly attracted to all the assayed amino acids, whereas older protists maintained a high level of attraction only for glycine. These results suggest that glycine generated by protists actively grazing in bacterially enriched patches functions as an infochemical, signaling to foraging protists the presence of available prey in the aquatic environment.

Holmium laser in-band pumped by a thulium laser in the same host of YAlO3

We report on the room-temperature continuous-wave (CW) operation of a Ho:YAlO3 laser that is resonantly end pumped at 1.94 mu m by a diode-pumped thulium-doped laser in the same host. Through the use of a 1 at % Ho3+-doped 20-mm-long YAlO3 crystal (b cut), the Ho:YAlO3 laser generated 1 W of linearly polarized (E//c) output at 2118 nm and 0.55 W of E//a output at 2128.5 nm for an incident pump power of 5 W, with an output coupler transmission of 14 and 3%, respectively. An optical-to-optical conversion efficiency of 20% and a slope efficiency of 33% were achieved at 2118 nm corresponding to an incident pump power.

鄂尔多斯植物遥感光谱及植被分布特征

本研究通过对鄂尔多斯（主要为毛乌素地区）植物遥感光谱和土壤结皮光谱的测定，通过专题资料搜集、野外踏查、植被样方调查和室内盆栽试验和实验室分析等工作，利用遥感和地理信息系统技术，测定了研究区主要植物光谱和土壤结皮光谱，建立了研究区生态环境本底数据库，在以上的基础上，进行了3方面的详细研究： （1） 通过野外样方调查，野外和室内培养的生物结皮的地面高光谱测定和野外典型地物（鄂尔多斯地区优势高等植物种和沙地土壤）的高光谱测定。采用人工模拟降雨，从苔藓休眠-正常代谢-休眠过程中，研究苔藓土壤结皮的光谱变化，得出苔藓结皮在夏季的生命活动期（正常代谢）的光谱曲线具有高等植物光谱曲线特征;不同地物的NDVI在降水前后变化：苔藓结皮NDVI的变化为0.3-0.35左右，藻类结皮变化为0.15左右，100%盖度的油蒿变化约为0.03左右，而土壤物理结皮的NDVI变化为0.06-0.08左右，可见降水对结皮的归一化植被指数的影响较土壤和高等植被大的多，对苔藓结皮的影响尤其显著。 通过线性模型研究了生物结皮对区域植被遥感解译的影响：模拟得出调查区域（11km样线）由于干湿结皮的变换， NDVI值平均变化0.03， 苔藓湿时的NDVI较苔藓干时相对提高9.3%。可见在研究区，由于苔藓结皮等土壤结皮的存在和干旱半干旱区降雨的不稳定性，必然造成该区域短时间内NDVI的不稳定性。研究结果可为如何结合苔藓结皮的高光谱特征及其变化规律选择和研究合适的生物结皮（苔藓）遥感解译方法提供借鉴。 （2）通过对1980S,1990s,2000s三个时期遥感图像解译，分析了毛乌素沙地沙漠化过程及其驱动机制，认为毛乌素沙地近20年来沙漠化程度有所减轻，植被覆盖有所增加。气候因素和人为因素是导致植被覆盖增加的决定因素，通过多元回归分析确定降水和温度是影响毛乌素沙地植被变化的关键气候因子，并建立了相应的回归方程;人为因素的影响表现在20年来农田和林地的大面积增加。 （3）在建立研究区生态环境本底数据库的基础上，利用遥感解译结果和地理信息系统的空间分析功能，分析了气候因素、地质水文因素、地形和地貌等对植被分布的影响，得出在不同尺度上，影响植被分布的关键因素不同。在鄂尔多斯研究区，区域年降水量对全区的植被分布有着重要影响，尽管地质水文条件的不同也影响了小区域的植被分布。在毛乌素沙地区，在宏观尺度上（旗县），植被分布与其所处的海拔高度关系不明显，在小尺度上，植被分布表现出趋向于相对低海拔分布;小尺度研究中发现，植被分布受地形和基质岩性的组合的综合影响。

Utilisation of vegetable leaves for carp production

The results of two sets of experiments on mono-culture of grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) and mixed culture of carps (grass carp 50 : catla 20 : rohu 15 : mrigal 15) fed exclusively with vegetable leaves are reported. The experiments were conducted with two replicates each in 0.02 ha ponds of Wastewater Aquaculture Division of the Central Institute of Freshwater Aquaculture, Rahara during 1991-93. Monoculture of grass carp stocked at 1000/ha demonstrated an average net production of 21.0 kg/ 0.02 ha/8 months (1501 kg/ha/yr). Mixed culture of carps stocked at 5000 /ha recorded an average net production of 22.5 kg/0.02 ha/8 months (1903.7 kg/ha/yr). Field studies revealed that water bind weed (Ipomoea aquatica) is the most preferred feed of grass carp amongst vegetable leaves followed by amaranths (Amaranthus gangeticus and Amaranthus viridis), cauliflower (Brassica oleracia var. votrytis) and cabbage (Brassica oleracia var. capitata) leaves. Through selection of highly productive leaf vegetables and suitable crop planning on fallow fish pond dykes, round the year feeding programme of grass carp has been explored. Recycling of sewage effluent for vegetable production and utilisation of vegetable leaves for fish production is considered an ideal way of integrated resource management for low cost production.

核酸四碱基体的量子化学计算方法比较

对9种四碱基体进行了6种半经验方法和HF／sT0—3G的计算，结果表明PM3方法对四 碱基体体系的计算比较适宜，其结果与从头算结果接近，而且大大缩短了计算时问。计算 还说明，四碱基体极有可能是通过碱基对形成．由稳定能的顺序看，除已报道的3种四碱 基体G4、G·c·G·c和u4外，一种新的G·c·G·c四碱基体也有稳定存在的可能。

Physical and numerical modeling of horizontal gas-hydrate wells

Methane hydrate, which is usually found under deep seabed or permafrost zones, is a potential energy resource for future years. Depressurization of horizontalwells bored in methane hydrate layer is considered as one possible method for hydrate dissociation and methane extraction from the hosting soil. Since hydrate is likely to behave as a bonding material to sandy soils, supported well construction is necessary to avoid wellcollapse due to the loss of the apparent cohesion during depressurization. This paper describes both physical and numerical modeling of such horizontal support wells. The experimental part involves depressurization of small well models in a large pressure cell, while the numerical part simulates the corresponding problem. While the experiment models simulate only gas saturated initial conditions, the numerical analysis simulates both gas-saturated and more realistic water-saturated conditions based on effective stress coupled flow-deformation formulation of these three phases. © 2006 Taylor & Francis Group, London.

The field emission properties of nonpolar a-plane n-type GaN films grown on nano-patterned sapphire substrates

Si-doped nonpolar a-plane GaN films were grown on nanopatterned sapphire substrates by a low-pressure metal organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) system. The structure, morphology and field emission properties of the sample were studied by means of high-resolution X-ray diffraction (HRXRD), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and field emission measurement. The XRD analysis shows that the sample is a nonpolar a-plane (11 (2) over bar0) GaN film. The field emission measurement shows that the nonpolar GaN films exhibit excellent field emission properties with a threshold emission field of as low as 10 V/mu m at a current density of 0.63 mu A/cm(2), and a high field emission current density of 74 mA/cm(2) at an applied field of 24 V/mu m. Moreover, the Fowler-Nordheirn plot of the sample fits a near linear relation. (C) 2009 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim