Small-boat surveys for coastal dolphins: line-transect surveys of Hector’s dolphins (Cephalorhynchus hectori)

Management of coastal species of small cetaceans is often impeded by a lack of robust estimates of their abundance. In the Austral summers of 1997−98, 1998−99, and 1999−2000 we conducted line-transect surveys of Hector’s dolphin (Cephalorhynchus hectori) abundance off the north, east, and south coasts of the South Island of New Zealand. Survey methods were modified for the use of a 15-m sailing catamaran, which was equipped with a collapsible sighting platform giving observers an eye-height of 6 m. Eighty-six percent of 2061 km of survey effort was allocated to inshore waters (4 nautical miles [nmi] or 7.4 km from shore), and the remainder to offshore waters (4−10 nmi or 7.4–18.5 km from shore). Transects were placed at 45° to the shore and spaced apart by 1, 2, 4, or 8 nmi according to pre-existing data on dolphin density. Survey effort within strata was uniform. Detection functions for sheltered waters and open coasts were fitted separately for each survey. The effect of attraction of dolphins to the survey vessel and the fraction of dolphins missed on the trackline were assessed with simultaneous boat and helicopter surveys in January 1999. Hector’s dolphin abundance in the coastal zone to 4 nmi offshore was calculated at 1880 individuals (CV=15.7%, log-normal 95% CI=1384−2554). These surveys are the first line-transect surveys for cetaceans in New Zealand’s coastal waters.

西藏亚东鲑的胚胎发育

通过对2002年12月-2003年3月养殖的亚东鲑胚胎进行观察,并结合1999年12月-2000年5月和2000年12月-2001年5月所取样品的对照,对其胚胎发育的过程进行了详细描述。根据胚胎发育的外部形态及典型特征将亚东鲑胚胎发育过程分为10个时期;在平均水温4.3℃条件下,从受精到出膜需要大约339.7~447.2积温(度.日)不等;胚胎发育的天数与积温呈明显的线性相关;胚胎发育的各期对外界环境的敏感性不同,体节形成至发眼前期这一阶段对外环境比较敏感;不同大小的卵对孵化率没有显著影响;出膜时仔鱼的平

高增益偏振不灵敏InGaAs/InP体材料半导体光放大器

采用三元InGaAs体材料为有源区,通过直接在InGaAs体材料中引入0.20%张应变来加强TM模的增益,研制了一种适合于作波长变换器的偏振不灵敏半导体光放大器(SOA).在低压金属有机化学气相外延(LP-MOVPE)的过程中,只需调节三甲基Ga的源流量便可获得所要求的张应变量.制作的半导体光放大器在200 mA的注入电流下,获得了50nm宽的3 dB光带宽和小于0.5dB的增益抖动;重要的是,半导体光放大器能在较大的电流和波长范围里实现小于1.1dB的偏振灵敏度.对于1.55μm波长的信号光,在200 mA的偏置下,其偏振灵敏度小于1 dB,同时获得了大于14dB光纤到光纤的增益,3 dBm的饱和输出功率和大于30 dB的芯片增益.用作波长变换器,可获得较高的波长变换效率.进一步提高半导体光放大器与光纤的耦合效率,可得到性能更佳的半导体光放大器.

陆地植物有机分子化合物氢同位素组成及其古环境意义

IEECAS SKLLQG

N*(1535) contribution in pp -> pp eta ' and pn -> d phi

In an effective Lagrangian model we find that the N*(1535) resonance contribution might be important to the interpretation of the present data of the pp -> pp eta' and pn -> d phi reactions. The strong coupling strength of N*(1.535) to eta' and phi are indicated, and the possible implication to the intrinsic component of N*(1535) is explored. These results may provide hints to the real origin of the OZI rule violation. It is stressed that further measurements could be performed at the Cooling Storage Ring (CSR) at Lanzhou of China.

科尔沁沙地22种菊科草本植物叶片形态特征研究

以内蒙古科尔沁沙地22种菊科草本植物为实验材料,研究这些植物的比叶面积、叶片厚度、叶片干物质含量、叶片体积、叶重比和叶片组织密度等特性之间的关系。结果表明,叶片体积和叶片厚度之间存在较强的正相关,其相关系数r=0.782。而叶片厚度与叶片组织密度、比叶面积与叶片组织密度、叶片体积与叶片组织密度之间则存在一定的负相关性,它们的相关系数分别为-0.767、-0.559和-0.505,其余各特性之间均不存在相关性。根据赋值后数据或者二元数据,运用聚类分析方法得出3个组群,并运用单因素方差分析方法检验各特性在各组间的显著性,叶片厚度、叶片体积、叶重比和叶片组织密度特性在组间存在极显著差异。

Square lamellar structure having phase-separated microdomain in H-shaped block copolymer thin film

The morphology of a H-shaped block copolymer (poly(ethylene glycol) backbone and polystyrene branches (PS)(2)PEG(PS)(2)) in a thin film has been investigated. A peculiar square lamella that has a phase-separated microdomain at its surface is obtained after spin coating. The experimental temperature plays a critical role in the lamellar formation. The copolymer first self-assembles into square lamellar micelles with an incomplete crystalline core due to the crystallizability of PEG.