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苋属(Amaranthus)约40种,世界均有分布。我国有20种,分布很广,其中外来种为17种(11种为入侵种),危害旱田作物、果树、茶树和蔬菜。反枝苋(Amaranthus retroflexus L.)是苋属入侵种中发生频率最多、分布最广、危害最严重的杂草。本文首先基于反枝苋在世界范围内4207个实际分布点及其对应的气候、地形和土壤三类要素28个环境因子的定量关系,利用主成分分析确定了影响其分布的主要环境因子,据此估测其中心可能分布区和最大可能分布区,并与实际分布点进行比较;然后利用GARP生态位模型和地理信息系统(GIS)对影响苋属8个入侵种地理分布的环境因子进行分析并对其全球可能分布区进行预测,并根据苋属入侵种与环境因子的关系对8个苋属入侵种进行聚类分析;最后基于Receiver Operating Characteristics(ROC)分析对GARP模型及GIS模型对反枝苋全球可能分布区的预测结果进行精度检验和比较,结果表明: (1) GIS模型预测显示14个环境因子在决定反枝苋全球分布格局中起着重要作用。反枝苋中心可能分布区位于新西兰南部、澳大利亚东南部、南美洲北部少数地区、北美洲西北部及东南部部分地区、欧洲大部分地区和中国东南部。最大可能分布区位于南美洲中南部、北美洲大部分、非洲北部小部分、澳大利亚南部及北部少数区域、欧洲大部分地区和亚洲大部分地区及中国除西藏、青海、新疆、四川西部以外的地区。中心可能分布区的预测结果与实际分布点吻合较好,而最大可能分布区则过于广阔。 (2) GARP模型预测显示14个环境因子中雨日频率,极端低温,海拔这三个环境因子的影响较为重要,是苋属8个入侵种分布的主要限制因子。聚类分析表明8种苋属入侵种按欧式距离的长度可分为三类:第一类:反枝苋、凹头苋;第二类:刺苋、皱果苋、尾穗苋;第三类:绿穗苋、白苋、北美苋。 ROC分析结果显示GARP模型对反枝苋的可能分布区模拟效果(AUCGARP=0.857)好于GIS模型,其中GIS模型对反枝苋中心可能分布区的模拟效果(AUCGIS-CENTER=0.832)好于最大可能分布区(AUCGIS-MAX=0.778)。 苋属8个入侵种均有分布的地区为澳大利亚沿海地区,新西兰,中国东南沿海,欧洲西部,南美洲部分国家,美国,非洲中部。 (3)两种模型所预测的反枝苋的可能分布区有很大程度的重合性,GARP模型预测的可能分布区大于GIS模型预测出的中心可能分布区,但小于GIS模型预测出的最大可能分布区,且和实际分布点拟合程度较好。

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It is known that the diagonal-Schur complements of strictly diagonally dominant matrices are strictly diagonally dominant matrices [J.Z. Liu, Y.Q. Huang, Some properties on Schur complements of H-matrices and diagonally dominant matrices, Linear Algebra Appl. 389 (2004) 365-380], and the same is true for nonsingular H-matrices [J.Z. Liu, J.C. Li, Z.T. Huang, X. Kong, Some properties of Schur complements and diagonal-Schur complements of diagonally dominant matrices, Linear Algebra Appl. 428 (2008) 1009-1030]. In this paper, we research the properties on diagonal-Schur complements of block diagonally dominant matrices and prove that the diagonal-Schur complements of block strictly diagonally dominant matrices are block strictly diagonally dominant matrices, and the same holds for generalized block strictly diagonally dominant matrices. (C) 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

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We obtained the high mobility Of mu(2K) = 1.78 x 10(6) cm(2)/V . s in Si-doped GaAs/AlGaAs two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) structures. After the sample was illuminated by a light-emitting diode in magnetic fields up to 6 T at T = 2K, we did observe the persistent photoconductivity effect and the electron density increased obviously. The electronic properties of 2DEG have been studied by Quantum-Hall-effect and Shubnikov-de Haas (SdH) oscillation measurements. We found that the electron concentrations of two subbands increase simultaneity with the increasing total electron concentration, and the electron mobility also increases obviously after being illuminated. At the same time, we also found that the electronic quantum lifetime becomes shorter, and a theoretical explunation is given through the widths of integral quantum Hall plateaus.

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在面向服务的应用中,服务集成商通过选择已有服务并对这些服务进行组合,为其消费者提供增值(value—added)服务.然而,现有的组合服务选择模型中,各可选服务被认为是相互独立的,可选服务的服务质量独立于其他服务.而在实际的面向服务应用中,可选服务的服务质量往往依赖于其他可选服务,现有组合服务选择方法无法应对这种普遍存在的场景.文中提出了一个支持服务关联关系的QoS描述模型,用于刻画可选服务的服务质量对其他可选服务的依赖关系,并给出该QoS描述的自动生成方法.在此基础上,提出了支持服务关联的组合服务选择方法,包括基于整数规划求解最优解的组合服务选择方法和基于启发求解次优解的组合服务选择方法.通过实例分析,体现了文中方法具有良好的适用性.对比实验结果表明,文中基于整数规划方法获取的组合服务QoS明显优于同类方法;并且,文中基于启发式方法能够高效地获取较优组合服务QoS.

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定量描述微生物群落的组成,在微生物生态学的许多研究领域都是非常重要的。然而由于可培养技术的局限性,定量描述微生物群落成为比较困难的事情。最近包括PCR技术在内的分子生物学技术为人们提供了有力的工具,使对微生物群落的分布、丰度等有了进一步的了解。实时荧光定量PCR技术作为核酸定量检测技术,自从发明以来在微生物生态学研究中逐渐得到了广泛的应用。从微生物生态学角度,综述了实时荧光定量PCR技术的原理、发展、优缺点及其在微生物生态学研究中的应用与研究进展,并探讨了实时荧光定量PCR技术的发展和应用前景。

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We show the potential application of Er3+-doped BaF2 nanoparticles prepared from microemulsion technology for 1.5 mu m amplification in telecommunication. Nanoparticles with different sizes of about 8, 10, and 20.5 nm were prepared. The XRD patterns showed the excursion of diffraction peaks. When the particle size is smaller or the diffraction angle is larger, this kind of excursion will be more serious.

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We investigate the effect of thermal annealing before and after cathode deposition on the stability of polymer light-emitting diodes (PLEDs) based on green fluorescent polyfluorene derivative. The annealed PLEDs exhibit improved charge transport and red-shift emission compared to the as-fabricated device. The stability of the PLEDs is largely enhanced by post-annealing before and after Ca deposition, which is attributed to the enhanced charge transport and the intimate contact between the cathode and the emissive layer.