New stacked photodevices for signal multiplexing and demultiplexing applications in the visible spectrum

Results on the use of a double a-SiC:H p-i-n heterostructure for signal multiplexing and demultiplexing applications in the visible range are presented. Pulsed monochromatic beams together (multiplexing mode), or a single polychromatic beam (demultiplexing mode) impinge on the device and are absorbed, accordingly to their wavelength. Red, green and blue pulsed input channels are transmitted together, each one with a specific transmission rate. The combined optical signal is analyzed by reading out, under different applied voltages, the generated photocurrent. Results show that in the multiplexing mode the output signal is balanced by the wavelength and transmission rate of each input channel, keeping the memory of the incoming optical carriers. In the demultiplexing mode the photocurrent is controlled by the applied voltage allowing regaining the transmitted information. A physical model supported by a numerical simulation gives insight into the device operation.

Intelligent management of end consumers loads including electric vehicles through a SCADA system

The large penetration of intermittent resources, such as solar and wind generation, involves the use of storage systems in order to improve power system operation. Electric Vehicles (EVs) with gridable capability (V2G) can operate as a means for storing energy. This paper proposes an algorithm to be included in a SCADA (Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition) system, which performs an intelligent management of three types of consumers: domestic, commercial and industrial, that includes the joint management of loads and the charge/discharge of EVs batteries. The proposed methodology has been implemented in a SCADA system developed by the authors of this paper – the SCADA House Intelligent Management (SHIM). Any event in the system, such as a Demand Response (DR) event, triggers the use of an optimization algorithm that performs the optimal energy resources scheduling (including loads and EVs), taking into account the priorities of each load defined by the installation users. A case study considering a specific consumer with several loads and EVs is presented in this paper.

Artistas: como investigam e acedem à informação?

As potencialidades de utilização, informação e investigação das bibliotecas/centros de documentação do Ensino Superior Artístico do Instituto Politécnico de Lisboa (IPL) são pouco exploradas quer pelos alunos, quer pelos docentes/investigadores. Procura-se com base nos resultados de um inquérito realizado a este público/alvo constituir como corpus de análise as unidades de informação das três escolas do IPL: a Biblioteca da Escola Superior de Teatro e Cinema (ESTC), o Centro de Documentação (CD) da Escola Superior de Música (ESML) e o Centro de Documentação e Informação (CDI) da Escola Superior de Dança (ESD). Apresentamos o tratamento dos dados deste inquérito que incidiu sobre os processos de investigação e de acesso à informação na área das artes, que nos permitiu, por um lado, aferir como é feita a investigação artística e/ou científica dos nossos docentes e, por outro, avaliar o grau de utilização das unidades de investigação, dos meios existentes e quais as melhorias que se podem fazer quer qualitativa, quer quantitativamente dos recursos disponíveis.

Métrica Vertebral: a Aplicação de uma Nova Tecnologia na Análise da Coluna Vertebral

Objectivo: Apresentar os resultados da primeira aplicação da nova tecnologia – Métrica Vertebral – na análise da posição 3D do vértice de cada uma das apófises espinhosas, em mulheres grávidas. Material e Métodos: O Métrica Vertebral foi aplicado a mulheres, sem patologia associada, em quatro momentos da gravidez (12, 20, 32, 37 semanas de gestação). Aplicaram-se modelos lineares univariados. Resultados: Observou-se que as diferenças que ocorrem ao longo da gravidez são mais significativas ao nível da posição y (anteroposterior). Verificou-se, igualmente, que existe uma correlação biomecânica positiva entre a posição do vértice de cada uma das vértebras com a posição homóloga das restantes. Discussão/Conclusão: Através do Métrica Vertebral foi possível obter resultados inovadores na análise biomecânica da coluna vertebral. É um dispositivo que tem diferentes aplicações podendo ser facilmente adoptado em áreas como ortopedia, neurocirurgia, pediatria e reabilitação. É de realçar ainda que este instrumento não se esgota na amostra da presente investigação pois pode ser futuramente aplicada à população em geral.

Boa Londres é esta : em torno das revoltas populares de 1381 e 1383

Um dos fenómenos com que o especialista ou simples interessado na Baixa Idade Média europeia mais frequentemente se depara é, sem dúvida, a caracterização desse século XIV que a voz abalizada de Duby crismaria de “viragem” (Duby 1989: 173) como marcado pela instabilidade, precaridade e incerteza próprias de todo um mundo composto de mudança. Respigando ao acaso algumas obras produzidas pela historiografia inglesa, esperam-nos etiquetas e descrições como Hierarchy and Revolt (Holmes 1975), 2 “Order and Conflict” (Briggs 1985: 82), The Age of Adversity (Lerner 1968), An Age of Ambition (Du Boulay 1970), “the century of war, plague and disorder” (McDowall 1995: 43), etc. Elucidativo é também o subtítulo de um romance histórico de Barbara Tuchman: A Distant Mirror. The Calamitous Fourteenth Century (Tuchman 1980). Descontando o que nesta representação possa existir ou subsistir de subjectivo ou convencional, o século XIV foi, ainda assim, dentro e fora de Inglaterra, um período de profundas tensões, convulsões e mutações de ordem demográfica, económica, social, laboral, política e religiosa; fustigado pela Peste Negra (1348-49), por insurreições populares como a Jacquerie (1358), os Ciompi (1378), os Maillotins (1382) ou a Revolta dos Camponeses (1381), por cisões religiosas e teológicas como o Grande Cisma do Ocidente (1378-1417) e o aparecimento dos lollards, a partir da década de 1370.

STAR: Speech Therapy with Augmented Reality for children with autism spectrum disorders

Graphics based systems of Augmented and Alternative Communication are widely used to promote communication in people with Autism Spectrum Disorders. This study discusses an integration of Augmented Reality in communication interventions, by relating elements of Augmented and Alternative Communication and Applied Behaviour Analysis strategies. An architecture for an Augmented Reality based interactive system to assist interventions is proposed. STAR provides an Augmented Reality tool to assist interventions performed by therapists and support for parents to join in and participate in the child’s intervention. Finally we report on the usage of the Augmented Reality tool in interventions with children with Autism Spectrum Disorders.

High-level of viral genomic diversity in cervical cancers: a Brazilian study on human papillomavirus type 16

Invasive cervical cancer (ICC) is the third most frequent cancer among women worldwide and is associated with persistent infection by carcinogenic human papillomaviruses (HPVs). The combination of large populations of viral progeny and decades of sustained infection may allow for the generation of intra-patient diversity, in spite of the assumedly low mutation rates of PVs. While the natural history of chronic HPVs infections has been comprehensively described, within-host viral diversity remains largely unexplored. In this study we have applied next generation sequencing to the analysis of intra-host genetic diversity in ten ICC and one condyloma cases associated to single HPV16 infection. We retrieved from all cases near full-length genomic sequences. All samples analyzed contained polymorphic sites, ranging from 3 to 125 polymorphic positions per genome, and the median probability of a viral genome picked at random to be identical to the consensus sequence in the lesion was only 40%. We have also identified two independent putative duplication events in two samples, spanning the L2 and the L1 gene, respectively. Finally, we have identified with good support a chimera of human and viral DNA. We propose that viral diversity generated during HPVs chronic infection may be fueled by innate and adaptive immune pressures. Further research will be needed to understand the dynamics of viral DNA variability, differentially in benign and malignant lesions, as well as in tissues with differential intensity of immune surveillance. Finally, the impact of intralesion viral diversity on the long-term oncogenic potential may deserve closer attention.

Les jeux de la qualité : impacts sur les politiques et la vie académique en Suisse et en Roumanie

Plusieurs instruments de contrôle de la qualité sont aujourd'hui expérimentés dans l'enseignement universitaire européen. Leur mise en oeuvre ne va pas de soi et s'opère à l'intérieur d'espaces de régulation qui facilitent l'appropriation de la qualité par les acteurs. Cet ouvrage s'organise en trois temps. La première partie, la plus étendue, propose une reconstruction empirique des trois principaux espaces de régulation par lesquels les mots d'ordre portés par le processus de Bologne soutiennent, dans chaque pays adhérent, une réflexion sur l'organisation de l'établissement universitaire et sur le métier d'enseignant à l'université. La deuxième partie développe l'analyse des effets produits par les instruments de la qualité : les effets propres, les effets résultant des caractéristiques intrinsèques de chaque instrument et les effets politiques. Une dernière partie du livre identifie les conditions qui devraient être réunies pour que les instruments de la qualité soient acceptés dans l'espace européen de l'enseignement supérieur.

Carences en vitamine B12 et fer: du diagnostic au suivi [Vitamin B12 and iron deficiencies: from diagnostic to follow-up].

Vitamin B12 and iron deficiencies are common problems in consultations of general internal medicine. They cause different symptoms that can be non-specific. This article makes it possible, from a clinical frame of reference, to answer the following questions: What value of vitamin B12 should we consider a "deficiency", and what is the role of methylmalonate? What is the role of vitamin B12 oral supplements? How should we interpret values of ferritine? How should iron deficiency be investigated? What is the place of intravenous iron administration?

Climatic niche shifts are rare among terrestrial plant invaders.

The assumption that climatic niche requirements of invasive species are conserved between their native and invaded ranges is key to predicting the risk of invasion. However, this assumption has been challenged recently by evidence of niche shifts in some species. Here, we report the first large-scale test of niche conservatism for 50 terrestrial plant invaders between Eurasia, North America, and Australia. We show that when analog climates are compared between regions, fewer than 15% of species have more than 10% of their invaded distribution outside their native climatic niche. These findings reveal that substantial niche shifts are rare in terrestrial plant invaders, providing support for an appropriate use of ecological niche models for the prediction of both biological invasions and responses to climate change.

Poor value of pulsed-field gel electrophoresis to investigate long-term scale epidemiology of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.

Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) is widely used for epidemic investigations of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). In the present study, we evaluated its use in a long-term epidemiological setting (years to few decades, country to continent level). The clustering obtained from PFGE patterns after SmaI digestion of the DNA of 20 strains was compared to that obtained using a phylogenetic typing method (multiprimer RAPD). The results showed that the analysis of small PFGE bands (10-85kb) correlates better with multiprimer RAPD than the analysis of large PFGE bands (>85-700kb), suggesting that the analysis of small bands would be more suitable for the investigation of long-term epidemiological setting. However, given the technical difficulties to obtain a good resolution of these bands and the putative presence of plasmids among them, PFGE does not appear to be a method of choice for the long-term epidemiology analysis of MRSA.

Theory of mind tasks and executive functions: A systematic review of group studies in neurology.

A growing number of studies have been addressing the relationship between theory of mind (TOM) and executive functions (EF) in patients with acquired neurological pathology. In order to provide a global overview on the main findings, we conducted a systematic review on group studies where we aimed to (1) evaluate the patterns of impaired and preserved abilities of both TOM and EF in groups of patients with acquired neurological pathology and (2) investigate the existence of particular relations between different EF domains and TOM tasks. The search was conducted in Pubmed/Medline. A total of 24 articles met the inclusion criteria. We considered for analysis classical clinically accepted TOM tasks (first- and second-order false belief stories, the Faux Pas test, Happe's stories, the Mind in the Eyes task, and Cartoon's tasks) and EF domains (updating, shifting, inhibition, and access). The review suggests that (1) EF and TOM appear tightly associated. However, the few dissociations observed suggest they cannot be reduced to a single function; (2) no executive subprocess could be specifically associated with TOM performances; (3) the first-order false belief task and the Happe's story task seem to be less sensitive to neurological pathologies and less associated to EF. Even though the analysis of the reviewed studies demonstrates a close relationship between TOM and EF in patients with acquired neurological pathology, the nature of this relationship must be further investigated. Studies investigating ecological consequences of TOM and EF deficits, and intervention researches may bring further contributions to this question.