376 resultados para 1335


Relevância:

10.00% 10.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

地磁场伴随着生命的起源、发生和进化,地球上的一切生命无时无刻不处于地球磁场中。地球自诞生以来,地磁场的强度一直在细微变化,但地磁场强度减弱会对植物产生什么样的直接影响尚知之甚少。随着对太空探索的不断发展,人类越来越需要了解处于零磁场环境的太空中生物的适应性。近零磁场是地磁场的恒定组分降低为零或者接近零的空间。本论文利用近零磁场环境探索了地磁场减弱对拟南芥整个生长周期的影响,开展了近零磁场下拟南芥短期生长试验,主要包括种子的萌发、暗培养、根生长、幼苗鲜重和根向重性分析,以及对近零磁场下拟南芥整个生长周期的表型进行了观察统计分析。结果发现(1)无论在光照还是暗培养的环境中,近零磁场对拟南芥种子的萌发、幼苗根的伸长、鲜重变化以及根向重性等的影响较小。(2)对拟南芥整个生长周期过程中表型变化进行的观察和统计分析发现:近零磁场环境中,拟南芥可以完成正常的生活史;但植株开花时间推迟、开花持续时间延长、枝条数减少、植株高度受到了抑制,种子千粒重降低。表明近零磁场对拟南芥营养生长的影响较小,而对生殖生长的影响较明显,暗示地磁场作为环境因子可能参与影响植物的生殖生长。 趋磁细菌(Magnetospirillum magneticum)是一种可以沿磁力线方向运动的特殊的细菌,其胞内铁含量是菌体干重的3%,是非磁性细菌的数百倍,其中的铁主要以Fe3O4/Fe3S4 形式存在于磁小体(magnetosome) 中。趋磁细菌主要通过分泌转铁载体吸收环境中的三价铁。在磁小体合成过程中,三价铁还原为二价是一个必需的过程,因而铁还原酶在趋磁细菌的铁还原过程中可能起着重要的作用。我们以趋磁细菌AMB-1 为材料,克隆了预测的铁还原酶基因,命名为MmFre ,并在内源铁还原酶活性较低的酵母突变株S288C fre1 fre2 中进行异源超表达,对其铁还原活性进行了初步分析;同时结合GFP 融合蛋白技术对该基因的表达产物进行了酵母的亚细胞定位。结果表明:(1)利用生物信息学分析发现,MmFre 基因编码区含有1335 bp,编码444 个氨基酸残基;氨基酸序列中含有一个FAD 结合位点,并具有6 个跨膜结构域;(2)该基因在酵母表达后利用酵母活体进行酶活性检测发现,其铁还原酶活性是对照组的4 倍,暗示该基因在真核生物中的表达产物可以执行铁还原的功能;(3)利用激光共聚焦显微镜观察发现该基因的表达产物与GFP 构成的融合蛋白广泛的定位在细胞的膜上。因而,MmFre 基因的表达产物确实具有铁还原酶活性,且没有膜特异性分布,其对趋磁细菌磁小体生物合成中铁的还原可能起着重要作用。

Relevância:

10.00% 10.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

本文以我国不同年代推出的玉米品种为试验材料,深入研究玉米品种更替中产量提高和光合效率改良的演变特征及生理机制,以及环境胁迫影响各年代玉米品种光合效率及产量的生理机制,在此基础上分析光合改良与产量提高的关系。 对各年代玉米品种花后光合效率的变化及其与产量形成的关系的研究发现:虽然新品种的光合速率在开花前并不比老品种高,但是它们能够迅速扩大叶面积,形成较多的籽粒,为接下来的生长准备了比较大的源和库。花后茎秆的功能由‘库’转为了‘源’,即能够从茎秆中转移一些同化物到籽粒中。而且新品种能够在花后维持较高的光合速率,衰老较慢,光合有效期较长,这样就能够为籽粒灌浆提供较多的新同化产物。因此新品种具有很强的调节光合器官功能和优化分配同化产物的能力,能够使各部位叶片的光合生产,植株的生长和发育以及干物质的分配与再分配都有利于籽粒产量的形成。新品种在花后能够维持较高的光合活性主要是因为它们能够在老品种叶片可逆性衰老的时候维持较高的叶绿素含量和可溶性蛋白质含量,从而未像老品种那样进入不可逆转的衰老阶段。对各年代玉米品种光合特性日变化的研究也发现新品种的光化学效率比较高。老品种光合作用的午间降低是由严重的光抑制引起的。 对于N素缺乏和水分胁迫对各年代玉米品种产量及光合效率的影响机制的研究发现新品种一方面能够在胁迫条件下维持较高的光合速率,另一方面仍能维持较长的光合有效期。即新品种能够在胁迫条件下维持较高的光合生产能力,从而能够形成较大的生物产量和籽粒产量。新品种在缺N情况下能够保持较高的光合活性是因为它们能够维持较高的PEPCase活性、叶绿素含量和可溶性蛋白质含量,也就是说新品种能够在缺N情况下维持叶绿体结构组分的完整性和功能性,从而维持较高的光合效率。而玉米新品种在水分胁迫时能够保持较高的光合活性是因为它们能够在水分胁迫时维持较高的叶片水势,使光合器官的功能得到良好的保护,复水时光合也能够比较迅速和完全的恢复。

Relevância:

10.00% 10.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

Microcephaly (MCPH) genes are informative in understanding the genetics and evolution of human brain volume. MCPH1 and abnormal spindle-like MCPH associated (ASPM) are the two known MCPH causing genes that were suggested undergone recent positive selectio

Relevância:

10.00% 10.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

The greatest concentration of Chinese Galliformes occurs in the Trans-Himalayas. We selected 4 northwestern Yunnan counties (Lijiang, Shangri-la, Deqin, and Weixi) in the Trans-Himalayas to assess the conservation status of 9 gallinaceous forest birds. We

Relevância:

10.00% 10.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

 抚仙湖鱼康鱼良白鱼现面临着灭绝,只有通过人工 驯养繁殖,实现鱼康鱼良白鱼的人工池塘驯养繁殖、产卵 孵化,才能摆脱天然采卵的束缚,变被动为主动,有 望保住这一珍贵物种,同时增殖其种质资源和恢复 其种群数量,并使鱼康鱼良白鱼家化成为池塘养殖品种。 大规格鱼种培育成功后,成鱼的人工池塘驯养是人 工驯养繁殖最重要的环节。

Relevância:

10.00% 10.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

在大鼠和恒河猴卵巢颗粒细胞(GC)存在组织型(tPA)和尿激酶型(uPA)纤溶酶原激活因子(PA)和一种PA的抑制因子(PAI-1).在排卵、排精和子宫内膜的周期性变化中tPA和PAI-1基因在这些组织的同类细胞或不同类型细胞间的协调表达起重要作用.因为恒河猴GC和膜-间质细胞(TC)在促性腺激素作用下都能产生tPA,uPA和PAI-1,而排卵后GC和TC转化为黄体细胞(LC),后者分泌孕酮,维持妊娠.本研究目的:(1)探讨LC是

Relevância:

10.00% 10.00%

Publicador:

Relevância:

10.00% 10.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

The absence of adequate inspection data from difficult-to-access areas on pipelines, such as cased-road crossings, makes determination of fitness for continued service and compliance with increasingly stringent regulatory requirements problematic. Screening for corrosion using long-range guided wave testing is a relatively new inspection technique. The complexity of the possible modes of vibration means the technique can be difficult to implement effectively but this also means that it has great potential for both detecting and characterizing flaws. The ability to determine flaw size would enable the direct application of standard procedures for determining fitness-for-service, such as ASME B31G, RSTRENG, or equivalent for tens of metres of pipeline from a single inspection location. This paper presents a new technique for flaw sizing using guided wave inspection data. The technique has been developed using finite element models and experimentally validated on 6'' Schedule 40 steel pipe. Some basic fitness-for-service assessments have been carried out using the measured values and the maximum allowable operating pressure was accurately determined. © 2011 American Institute of Physics.

Relevância:

10.00% 10.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

Origin of polarization sensitivity of photonic wire waveguides (PWWs) is analysed and the effective refractive indices of two different polarization states are calculated by the three-dimensional full-vector beam propagation method. We find that PWWs are polarization insensitive if the distribution of its refractive index is uniform and the cross section is square. An MRR based on such a polarization-insensitive PWW is fabricated on an 8-inch silicon-on-insulator wafer using 248-nm deep ultraviolet lithography and reactive ion etching. The quasi-TE mode is resonant at 1542.25 nm and 1558.90 nm, and the quasi-TM mode is resonant at 1542.12 nm and 1558.94 nm. The corresponding polarization shift is 0.13 nm at the shorter wavelength and 0.04 nm at the longer wavelength. Thus the fabricated device is polarization independent. The extinction ratio is larger than 10 dB. The 3 dB bandwidth is about 2.5 nm and the Qvalue is about 620 at 1558.90 nm.

Relevância:

10.00% 10.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

This paper reports that lnAs/In0.53Ga0.47As/AlAs resonant tunnelling diodes have been grown on InP substrates by molecular beam epitaxy. Peak to valley current ratio of these devices is 17 at 300K. A peak current density of 3kA/cm(2) has been obtained for diodes with AlAs barriers of ten monolayers, and an In0.53Ga0.47As well of eight monolayers with four monolayers of InAs insert layer. The effects of growth interruption for smoothing potential barrier interfaces have been investigated by high resolution transmission electron microscope.

Relevância:

10.00% 10.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

首先对气波增压器的设计方法进行了探索,提出了基于一维非定常定熵流动的简化图解法和基于一维非定常非定熵流动的数值解法。然后在原有的欧拉法基础上又提出了欧拉/拉格朗日混合解法。加工了大、中、小三个不同尺寸的气波增压器,进行了实验研究,找出了影响性能的几个主要因素。最后得出三个气波增压器较佳的性能数据,为匹配不同功率的中小型柴油机提供一种新型增压装置。