Kertomus hallituksen toimenpiteistä v. 1939

Puhe

Statsrådet K.-A. Fagerholm Julen 1970 Härstädes

Kirje

Crucero de evaluación de la biomasa desovante de la anchoveta peruana, 1995. Actividades, resultados y perspectivas

Con el propósito de estimar la biomasa desovante de las especies anchoveta peruana (Engraulis ringens J.) y sardina (Sardinops sagax sagax J.), se ejecutó el Crucero 9508-09 a bordo del BIC Humboldt y del SNP-1, del 12 de agosto al 22 de setiembre de 1995, cubriendo el área entre Tambo de Mora (13°30 'S) y Paita (5°S). Se obtuvo los cinco parámetros que el Método de Producción de Huevos (MPH) requiere para estimar la biomasa de la población desovante de la anchoveta. Además se consideró cuatro perfiles para investigar las variables oceanográficas: Callao (12° S) y Chimbote (9°10 'S) hasta las 100 millas y Punta Falsa (6°S) y Paita hasta 150 millas de la costa. La biomasa desovante de la anchoveta estimada por el MPH entre Tambo de Mora y Punta Falsa en agosto y setiembre de 1995, fue calculada en 5,9 millones de toneladas, con una producción diaria de huevos de 19,1 E+13 y una frecuencia de desove de 0,12. La anchoveta estuvo localizada cerca de la costa entre Callao y Chimbote, mientras que de Salaverry (8°13 'S) a Punta Falsa, su distribución se amplió, alcanzando hasta las 60 millas fuera de la costa. No se pudo estimar la biomasa desovante de la sardina debido a la dispersión de este recurso. Durante el desarrollo del crucero, las condiciones oceanográficas se encontraron dentro de la normalizada para la época, con afloramientos intensos en la franja costera y con advección de aguas tropicales superficiales de Chancay (11°35 'S) a Casma (9°27 'S).

Ictioplancton entre Tambo de Mora y Punta Falsa durante agosto y setiembre de 1995

Se presentan los resultados sobre la composición, distribución y concentración de huevos y larvas de peces durante el Crucero BIC Humboldt y BIC SNP-1 9508-09, llevado a cabo entre el 12 de agosto y 22 de setiembre de 1995 entre Tambo de Mora (13°30 'S) y Punta Falsa (06° S). Se determinó larvas de 12 familias. Fue posible identificar 11 géneros y 9 especies. Los huevos y las larvas de anchoveta se distribuyeron en toda el área explorada. La sardina tuvo una pequeña concentración en la zona norte.

Distribución, concentración y aspectos biológico pesquero de los principales recursos pelágicos. Crucero BIC Humaboldt 9608-09

presentan los principales resultados del rastreo acústico y de los diferentes lances de comprobación ejecutados por el BIC Humboldt, entre Tambo de Mora (13°30 'S) y Paita (05°00 'S), durante el Crucero de Evaluación de Biomasa Desovante, en los meses de agosto y setiembre de 1996, período del desove principal de las especies anchoveta y sardina. La anchoveta fue la especie más abundante de lo capturado, presentando una distribución longitudinal amplia, llegando hasta las 150 millas de la costa y una estructura por tallas predominantemente juvenil. Asimismo, se observó una menor disponibilidad de sardina, jurel y caballa, llegando su distribución longitudinal hasta más allá de las 150 millas de la costa, influenciadas por las condiciones frías del mar.

Estimación de la biomasa desovante del stock norte centro de la anchoveta por el método de producción de huevos durante el invierno 1996

La biomasa desovante de la anchoveta peruana Engraulis ringens en el área comprendida entre Tambo de Mora (13°30 'S) y Punta Falsa (06° S), fue estimada en 4,02 millones de toneladas. En esta oportunidad, a diferencia de las anteriores, se hicieron ajustes en la determinación de la producción diaria de huevos (Po) así como en la fecundidad. En el primer caso, por efectos de la dispersión de los huevos en un área de desove mayor; y en el segundo, por no cubrir todo el rango de tamaños. El crucero se llevó a cabo del 11 de agosto al 27 de setiembre de 1996 a bordo del BIC Humboldt. Los valores promedio de los parámetros involucrados en la estimación fueron: proporción de hembras, 0,52; producción diaria de huevos, 10.14E+13; peso promedio de hembras, 29,79 g; fecundidad parcial, 18 495 huevos por hembra y frecuencia de desove, 7,8%. Los parámetros que presentaron mayor variación con respecto a 1995 fueron: la fecundidad parcial, producción diaria de huevos y frecuencia de desove.

Editorial research and the publication process in biomedicine and health: Report from the Esteve Foundation Discussion Group, December 2012.

Despite the fact that there are more than twenty thousand biomedical journals in the world, research into the work of editors and publication process in biomedical and health care journals is rare. In December 2012, the Esteve Foundation, a non-profit scientific institution that fosters progress in pharmacotherapy by means of scientific communication and discussion organized a discussion group of 7 editors and/or experts in peer review biomedical publishing. They presented findings of past editorial research, discussed the lack of competitive funding schemes and specialized journals for dissemination of editorial research, and reported on the great diversity of misconduct and conflict of interest policies, as well as adherence to reporting guidelines. Furthermore, they reported on the reluctance of editors to investigate allegations of misconduct or increase the level of data sharing in health research. In the end, they concluded that if editors are to remain gatekeepers of scientific knowledge they should reaffirm their focus on the integrity of the scientific record and completeness of the data they publish. Additionally, more research should be undertaken to understand why many journals are not adhering to editorial standards, and what obstacles editors face when engaging in editorial research.

Recommendations to reduce hand exposure for standard nuclear medicine procedures

The optimization of the extremity dosimetry of medical staff in nuclear medicine was the aim of the Work Package 4 (WP4) of the ORAMED project, a Collaborative Project (2008-2011) supported by the European Commission within its 7th Framework Programme. Hand doses and dose distributions across the hands of medical staff working in nuclear medicine departments were evaluated through an extensive measurement program involving 32 hospitals in Europe and 139 monitored workers. The study included the most frequently used radionuclides, (99m)Tc- and (18)F-labelled radiopharmaceuticals for diagnostic and (90)Y-labelled Zevalin (R) and DOTATOC for therapy. Furthermore, Monte Carlo simulations were performed in different predefined scenarios to evaluate separately the efficacy of different radiation protection measures by comparing hand dose distributions according to various parameters. The present work gives recommendations based on results obtained with both measurements and simulations. This results in nine practical recommendations regarding the positioning of the dosemeters for an appropriate skin dose monitoring and the best protection means to reduce the personnel exposure.

Percutaneous retrograde screwing for stabilisation of acetabular fractures.

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the results of retrograde percutaneous screw fixation (PSF) in minimally or undisplaced acetabular fractures in a geriatric population. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Between July 1998 and July 2001, 21 consecutive patients with an acetabular fracture underwent fluoroscopic guided percutaneous fixation. The mean age was 81 years (range 67--90 years). In all cases, the fracture was minimally or undisplaced (<2mm). Two cannulated cancellous 7.3mm screws were inserted in a retrograde fashion to stabilise the posterior and the anterior column. Bed to chair transfer began after 24h. Weight bearing as tolerated was allowed at 4 weeks. RESULTS: Eighteen patients were reviewed at a mean of 3.5 years (range 2--5 years). Soft tissue dissection was minimal. There were no intraoperative or postoperative complications. At the latest follow-up there was no radiographical evidence of secondary displacement of fragments, degenerative changes, or screw failure. Fractures healed at a mean time of 12 weeks (range 8--15 weeks). Clinical results were satisfactory in 17 patients. CONCLUSION: Our results show that percutaneous screw fixation under fluoroscopic control is a safe technique to treat some pattern of acetabular fracture.

Extended treatment of treatment-naive patients with chronic hepatitis c virus (HCV) genotype 1-infection and slow response to pegylated interferon-alfa and ribavirin: a meta-analysis

Aims: Recently, several clinical trials analyzed if extended duration of treatment with pegylated interferon-alfa and ribavirin over 48 weeks can improve sustained virologic response (SVR) rates in HCV genotype 1-infected patients with slow virologic response. Because results of these clinical trials are conflicting, we performed a metaanalysis to determine the overall impact of extended treatment compared to standard treatment on virologic response rates in treatment-naive HCV genotype 1 slow responders. Methods: Literature search was performed independently by two observers using Pub Med, EMBASE, CENTRAL and abstracts presented in English at international liver and gastroenterology meetings. Randomized controlled clinical trials (RCTs; but studies that re-analyzed data retrospectively RCTs were also allowed) were considered if they included monoinfected treatment-naive HCV genotype 1 patients and compared treatment with pegIFN-alfa 2a or 2b in combination with ribavirin for 48 weeks versus extended treatment (up to 72 weeks) in slow responders. Primary and secondary end points were SVR rates and end-of-treatment (EOT) and relapse rates, respectively. In the present meta-analysis, study endpoints were summarized with a DerSimonian-Laird estimate for binary outcome basing on a random effects model. Results: Literature search yielded seven RTCs addressing the benefit of extended treatment with pegylated interferon-alfa and ribavirin in treatment-naive HCV genotype 1 slow responders. In total, 1330 slow responders were included in our meta-analysis. We show that extended treatment duration compared to the standard of care significantly improves SVR rates in HCV genotype 1 slow responders (12.4% improvement of overall SVR rate, 95% CI 0.055- 0.193, P = 0.0005). In addition, we show that rates of viral relapse were significantly reduced by extended treatment (24.1% reduction of relapse, 95% CI −0.3332 to −0.1487, P < 0.0001), whereas no significant impact of extended treatment on EOT response rates was found. Though extended treatment was burdened with an enhanced rate of premature treatment discontinuation due to interferonalfa- and ribavirin-related side effects, the frequency of serious adverse events was not increased. Conclusions: Treatment extension in HCV genotype 1 slow responders can improve SVR rates in difficult to treat patients and should be considered in patients who need to be treated before specific antivirals will be approved.

Worldwide trends in gastric cancer mortality (1980-2011), with predictions to 2015, and incidence by subtype.

Gastric cancer incidence and mortality decreased substantially over the last decades in most countries worldwide, with differences in the trends and distribution of the main topographies across regions. To monitor recent mortality trends (1980-2011) and to compute short-term predictions (2015) of gastric cancer mortality in selected countries worldwide, we analysed mortality data provided by the World Health Organization. We also analysed incidence of cardia and non-cardia cancers using data from Cancer Incidence in Five Continents (2003-2007). The joinpoint regression over the most recent calendar periods gave estimated annual percent changes (EAPC) around -3% for the European Union (EU) and major European countries, as well as in Japan and Korea, and around -2% in North America and major Latin American countries. In the United States of America (USA), EU and other major countries worldwide, the EAPC, however, were lower than in previous years. The predictions for 2015 show that a levelling off of rates is expected in the USA and a few other countries. The relative contribution of cardia and non-cardia gastric cancers to the overall number of cases varies widely, with a generally higher proportion of cardia cancers in countries with lower gastric cancer incidence and mortality rates (e.g. the USA, Canada and Denmark). Despite the favourable mortality trends worldwide, in some countries the declines are becoming less marked. There still is the need to control Helicobacter pylori infection and other risk factors, as well as to improve diagnosis and management, to further reduce the burden of gastric cancer.

Caracterizacion quimica de la vidriera historica de Sant Pere i Sant Jaume (segundo cuarto del s. XIV, Monestir de Pedralbes, Barcelona)

Se han caracterizado químicamente diferentes tipos de vidrios arquitectónicos originales de la iglesia del Monestir de Pedralbes, Barcelona (realizados hacia 1330). Esta nota expone los resultados obtenidos mediante el empleo de microsonda electrónica en vidrios de varios colores (blanco, verde, rosado, azul, amarillo, rojo) de la vidriera de Sant Pere y Sant Jaume. Corresponden esencialmente a vidrios sódicos (dentro del rango 13-19 % de Na2O) de coloración y composición homogénea, con elementos que actúan como colorante (p.e., CuO en rango 1.6-6 % en los vidrios verdes). El vidrio rojo, potásico, es una excepción notable (16.5 % K2O, 14 % CaO), tecnológicamente diferente (vidrio"plaqué" blanco con una intercalación roja de composición análoga pero sensiblemente más rica en CuO). Los vidrios sódicos no aparecen substancialmente dañados, los vidrios potásicos presentan corrosiones (moderadas) y pérdida parcial de transparencia. El predominio en esta vidriera de vidrios sódicos (inusuales para la época por lo que conocemos) ha permitido una excelente conservación. La composición química es una característica que permite diagnosticar precozmente el estado de deterioro y evaluar los costes de restauración en una vidriera, independientemente de los recubrimientos, pátinas y morteros que ésta presente.

Audit report on Clarke Community School District in Osceola, Iowa for the year ended June 30, 2013

Audit report on Clarke Community School District in Osceola, Iowa for the year ended June 30, 2013

Audit report on Sheldon Community School District in Sheldon, Iowa for the year ended June 30, 2013

Audit report on Sheldon Community School District in Sheldon, Iowa for the year ended June 30, 2013