ISOLATION AND PROPERTIES OF A BLOOD-COAGULATION FACTOR-X ACTIVATOR FROM THE VENOM OF KING COBRA (OPHIOPHAGUS HANNAH)

A specific blood coagulation factor X activator was purified from the venom of Ophiophagus hannah by gel filtration and two steps of FPLC Mono-Q column ion-exchange chromatography. It showed a single protein band both in sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and alkaline polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The mol. wt was estimated to be 62,000 in non-reducing conditions and 64,500 in reducing conditions by SDS-PAGE. The isoelectric point was found to be pH 5.6. The enzyme had weak amidolytic activities toward CBS 65-25, but it showed no activities on S-2266, S-2302, thrombin substrate S-2238, plasmin substrate S-2251 or factor Xa substrate S-2222. It had no arginine esterase activity toward substrate benzoylarginine ethylester (BAEE). The enzyme activated factor X in vitro and the effect was absolutely Ca2+ dependent, with a Hill coefficient of 6.83. It could not activate prothrombin nor had any effect on fibrinogen and thus appeared to act specifically on factor X. The procoagulant activity of the enzyme was almost completely inhibited by serine protease inhibitors like PMSF, TPCK and soybean trypsin inhibitor; partially inhibited by L-cysteine. Metal chelator EDTA did not inhibit its procoagulant activity. These results suggest that the factor X activator from O. hannah venom is a serine protease.

MicroRNAs and other small RNAs enriched in the Arabidopsis RNA-dependent RNA polymerase-2 mutant.

The Arabidopsis genome contains a highly complex and abundant population of small RNAs, and many of the endogenous siRNAs are dependent on RNA-Dependent RNA Polymerase 2 (RDR2) for their biogenesis. By analyzing an rdr2 loss-of-function mutant using two different parallel sequencing technologies, MPSS and 454, we characterized the complement of miRNAs expressed in Arabidopsis inflorescence to considerable depth. Nearly all known miRNAs were enriched in this mutant and we identified 13 new miRNAs, all of which were relatively low abundance and constitute new families. Trans-acting siRNAs (ta-siRNAs) were even more highly enriched. Computational and gel blot analyses suggested that the minimal number of miRNAs in Arabidopsis is approximately 155. The size profile of small RNAs in rdr2 reflected enrichment of 21-nt miRNAs and other classes of siRNAs like ta-siRNAs, and a significant reduction in 24-nt heterochromatic siRNAs. Other classes of small RNAs were found to be RDR2-independent, particularly those derived from long inverted repeats and a subset of tandem repeats. The small RNA populations in other Arabidopsis small RNA biogenesis mutants were also examined; a dcl2/3/4 triple mutant showed a similar pattern to rdr2, whereas dcl1-7 and rdr6 showed reductions in miRNAs and ta-siRNAs consistent with their activities in the biogenesis of these types of small RNAs. Deep sequencing of mutants provides a genetic approach for the dissection and characterization of diverse small RNA populations and the identification of low abundance miRNAs.

中国南部狭腹胡蜂的生物学与地理分布（膜翅目：胡蜂总科）

１９８９—１９９１年与日本京都大学合作，对我国南部狭腹胡蜂区系、生态、行为学等方面进行了研究。本文主要报道狭腹胡蜂的生物学与地理分布。研究结果表明狭腹胡蜂的栖息和巢室建筑分野外和住宅两种环境。密侧狭腹胡蜂Ｐａｒｉｓｃｈｎｏｇａａｔｅｒｍｅｌｌｙｉ（Ｓａｕ．）的蜂巢密度在３０—１００ｍ２之间的住户内，平均为８．２５巢，最高１６巢，最低为２巢。巢室材料分植物纤维和土两类。在东径９９１５’一１０４９８，北纬２０　０６’－２２　５５，之间范围内，除分布在海拔１０００ｍ以上类群外，一年四季都可进行活动，无越冬现象、分布范围最北限止于贵州东北部。

Operating charts for the brushless doubly-fed machine (BDFM)

The Brushless Doubly-Fed Machine (BDFM) is an electrical machine that allows brushless operation in many applications where the Doubly-Fed Induction Generator (DFIG) is currently used. In recent years work on BDFM control means that the machine can now be run stably across its working range. However, little work has been done to define the working area in which BDFM can safely be operated without exceeding its material and stability limits. This paper sets out the theoretical backing for an operating chart of an ideal BDFM similar to that of the synchronous machine. It goes on to show that though the ideal chart gives the right form, non-ideal parameters (especially the finite magnetizing inductances) significantly effect the locations of the limits. Some preliminary experimental data obtained for a 225 frame size machine support the form of the chart. Finally it is shown how the operating chart can be used to chose appropriately sized converters for the BDFM. © 2009 IEEE.

黄河裸裂尻鱼群体遗传结构和Cyt b序列变异

测定了来自黄河上游和柴达木盆地托索湖的裸裂尻鱼共16个个体的Cytb基因全序列(1141bp),探讨了种群结构和遗传多样性。用MEGA2.1软件分析了碱基组成和序列变异;以青海湖裸鲤、花斑裸鲤和极边扁咽齿鱼为外类群,用PAUP*4.0b10程序构建了单倍型NJ树;用Arlequin Ver.2000程序计算了群体间遗传变异值(Fst)和Nm值以及群体分化概率值。结果显示,来自柴达木水系托索湖的裸裂尻鱼没有形成单系群,Fst=0.204(P<0.05),Nm=1.95。初步判断,黄河和柴达木水系托索湖的裸裂