Concurrent versus simultaneous use of alcohol and non-medical use of prescription drugs: is simultaneous use worse for mental, social, and health issues?

Abstract This study investigated the difference between concurrent and simultaneous use of alcohol and non-medical use of prescription drugs (NMUPD) in relation to mental, social, and health issues. The 544 study participants of the Swiss ongoing Cohort Study on Substance Use Risk Factors (C-SURF) had a combined use of alcohol with NMUPD during the previous 12 months. Alcohol-related problems (i.e., dependence and consequences), as well as mental, social, and health concerns (i.e., depression, general mental/physical health, and social/health consequences), were assessed. The simultaneous use of alcohol and NMUPD proved to be a greater risk factor for mental, social, and health issues than concurrent use. This study adds information regarding simultaneous polydrug use, which results in distinct effects compared to concurrent use, including important social, psychosocial, and health-related consequences.

Internet i les multinacionals europees a l'Àsia Oriental

Aquest document identifica quins són els valors culturals (en forma d'imatges gràfiques) que fan servir les multinacionals europees en les pàgines web que adrecen als mercats de l'Àsia oriental. Rebat, per al cas estudiat, l'ús d'estratègies comunicatives adaptades a entorns culturals concrets com l'asiàtic i posa de manifest el poder de les multinacionals en la transmissió dels seus valors.

Proposta de pla d’ acció per la mitigació i l’ adaptació al canvi climàtic a la ciutat de Girona

La proposta general d’ aquest projecte és la presentació de les bases generals d’ un pla d’ acció per la mitigació i l’ adaptació al canvi climàtic a la ciutat de Girona, destinat a l’ administració local que permeti una millora de la situació actual en relació als possibles efectes i conseqüències del canvi climàtic.L’ estudi es basa en: l’ anàlisi dels efectes i conseqüències del canvi climàtic, un estudi de la situació actual de la ciutat de Girona i sobre les diferents percepcions i adaptacions de la població de Girona al canvi climàtic. Tot plegat destinat a l’ obtenció de les eines que ens permetin proposar possibles accions realitzar per part de l’ administració local

Describing ancient horizontal gene transfers at the nucleotide and gene levels by comparative pathogenicity island genometrics.

MOTIVATION: Lateral gene transfer is a major mechanism contributing to bacterial genome dynamics and pathovar emergence via pathogenicity island (PAI) spreading. However, since few of these genomic exchanges are experimentally reproducible, it is difficult to establish evolutionary scenarios for the successive PAI transmissions between bacterial genera. Methods initially developed at the gene and/or nucleotide level for genomics, i.e. comparisons of concatenated sequences, ortholog frequency, gene order or dinucleotide usage, were combined and applied here to homologous PAIs: we call this approach comparative PAI genometrics. RESULTS: YAPI, a Yersinia PAI, and related islands were compared with measure evolutionary relationships between related modules. Through use of our genometric approach designed for tracking codon usage adaptation and gene phylogeny, an ancient inter-genus PAI transfer was oriented for the first time by characterizing the genomic environment in which the ancestral island emerged and its subsequent transfers to other bacterial genera.

Extramediastinal surgical problems in heart transplant recipients.

BACKGROUND: As heart transplantation has gained wide acceptance, a growing number of recipients are at risk of experiencing extramediastinal surgical problems. STUDY DESIGN: We retrospectively reviewed our experience in the diagnosis and management of surgical problems occurring in 94 consecutive patients having heart transplantation. During the period of the study, we progressively adopted a policy of low-level immunosuppression, aiming toward monotherapy with cyclosporine. RESULTS: Seventy-four extramediastinal surgical problems developed in 44 of 94 patients (47%). The type of problems were gastrointestinal in 17 of 74 (23%), vascular in 13 of 74 (17.5%), urogenital in 8 of 74 (11%), and neurologic in 4 of 74 (5.5%). There were also 9 of 74 cases of trauma (12%), 9 of 74 skin tumors (12%), and 14 of 74 miscellaneous diseases (19%). Sixty-two surgical diseases occurring in 40 patients required 75 surgical interventions, 11 of them (15%) on an emergency basis. Operations were performed for 12 of 74 neoplasms (16%) and 12 of 74 infectious or potentially infectious diseases (16%). Surgical diseases occurred most commonly within the first 6 months after transplantation (20 of 74; 27%). Complications occurred in 8 of 75 surgical interventions (9%). A high proportion of surgical disease was potentially related to immunosuppressive therapy (37 of 74; 50%) or to transplantation itself (7 of 74; 9%). CONCLUSIONS: Extramediastinal diseases after heart transplantation involve most surgical specialties. Most of them are potentially linked with either the immunosuppressive therapy or the transplantation procedure, supporting our low-level immunosuppression policy. Expectant management is not justified in this population, who withstands operations well both early and late after transplantation.

La guerre : récit épisodique d'un siège au XVIe siècle / par Carlo Du Monge,... ; illustrations de V. Poirson. suivi de : Le secret du fer / par J. Protche de Viville,.... Les Lansquenets / par Ernest d'Hervilly,...

Comprend : Les Lansquenets ; Le secret du fer

Central Iowa Juvenile Detention Center in Eldora Iowa, June 30, 2001 & June 30, 2002

Other Audit Reports

Repression and Protest Structural Models and Strategic Interactions

The recent wave of upheavals and revolts in Northern Africa and the Middle East goes back to an old question often raised by theories of collective action: does repression act as a negative or positive incentive for further mobilization? Through a review of the vast literature devoted to this question, this article aims to go beyond theoretical and methodological dead-ends. The article moves on to non-Western settings in order to better understand, via a macro-sociological and dynamic approach, the causal effects between mobilizations and repression. It pleads for a meso- and micro-level approach to this issue: an approach that puts analytical emphasis both on protest organizations and on individual activists' careers.

Taloudellisen hyvinvoinnin lisääminen säästäväisen elämäntavan avulla

Puhe maalaisliiton valtakunnallisessa kekrijuhlassa Ylihärmässä 1.11.1953

Positive contrast visualization of iron oxide-labeled stem cells using inversion-recovery with ON-resonant water suppression (IRON)

In proton magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) metallic substances lead to magnetic field distortions that often result in signal voids in the adjacent anatomic structures. Thus, metallic objects and superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO)-labeled cells appear as hypointense artifacts that obscure the underlying anatomy. The ability to illuminate these structures with positive contrast would enhance noninvasive MR tracking of cellular therapeutics. Therefore, an MRI methodology that selectively highlights areas of metallic objects has been developed. Inversion-recovery with ON-resonant water suppression (IRON) employs inversion of the magnetization in conjunction with a spectrally-selective on-resonant saturation prepulse. If imaging is performed after these prepulses, positive signal is obtained from off-resonant protons in close proximity to the metallic objects. The first successful use of IRON to produce positive contrast in areas of metallic spheres and SPIO-labeled stem cells in vitro and in vivo is presented.

Algunas apendicularias de la costa peruana

Examinan las apendiculares provenientes de 12 muestras de plancton efectuadas en la costa peruana, entre Callao y Eten en 1960. Según los datos adjuntos, las colecciones han sido practicadas con una red standard, a una profundidad de 0-15 metros, siendo la duración de la colección a 20 minutos.

Constraints and non-existence of rational expectations equilibria

In this article we show that in the presence of trading constraints, such as short sale constraints, the standard definition of a Rational Expectations Equilibrium allows for equilibrium prices that reveal information unknown to any active trader in the market. We propose a new definition of the Rational Expectations Equilibrium that incorporates a stronger measurability condition than measurability with respect to the join of the information sets of the agents and give an example of non-existence of equilibrium. The example is robust to perturbations on the data of the economy and the introduction of new assets.

Tulo- ja omaisuusverotus, 2K

Puhe