As representa����es sociais da morte e do processo de morrer para profissionais que trabalham em unidade de terapia intensiva uti

This study aimed to seize the general social representations of doctors and nurses who work in ICUs on the process of death and dying. We also aimed to know the social representations of these professionals in relation to death and the process of dying of people who are under their care, identify factors that influence the construction of these representations and identify similarities and differences between the two professions. The study was conducted from the perspective of the Theory of Social Representations of Serge Moscovici and the Central Nucleus of Jean-Claude Abric. The study was conducted in the Intensive Care Unit of Natal Hospital Center, a private hospital of the city of Natal - Rio Grande do Norte. This is descriptive and exploratory research. Twenty-four (24) professionals were interviewed, twelve (12) nurses and twelve (12) doctors. Data were collected through two instruments: Test of Free Association of Words, semi-structured interview. Later, they were coded, categorized and analyzed according to Content Analysis of Bardin (1977). The words evoked after the use of inducing words - death and dying - and the interviews, led to three thematic categories: Death and dying as a biological event, death and dying as a psychosocial event, death and dying as a transcendental event. As final considerations, we believe that the social representations of the group are translated in death and dying as biological and psychosocial events and anchored in the transcendental aspects, we do not see obvious differences in the testimonies of doctors and nurses , and the factors that interfere the construction of these offices is the culture, including religion

Sofrimento ps��quico: representa����es sociais dos enfermeiros em ambiente hospitalar

We believe that the dissatisfaction arising from the lack of belief in the possibilities of change in the workplace, which cause difficulties to achieve professional results in the professional psychological distress that currently fits into the context of mental health. This is a qualitative, descriptive and representational research aiming to discover how the professional nurses represent the very psychological distress from work in the hospital environment. Aided and supported by specific objectives of identifying factors that generates this suffering and strategies for defense and confronting these professionals in the hospital. 22 nurses participated in this research, officials of the University Hospital Onofre Lopes, located in the city of Natal / RN, with length of service in the institution more than one year and less than five, and they accepted, by signing the Term of Free and Informed Consent, participate in the study. We use plurimethodological approach: a questionnaire, a semi-structured interview and the design-story with a theme adapted from Trinca with the support of the Theory of Social Representations and that nurses do in their psychological distress of the Central Core. We reviewed the data from the results generated by the ALCESTE software, based on hierarchical categorization downward, leading seven classes used as categories: Work process: completeness vs. incompleteness; labor contradiction of the nurse; qualitative aspects of interpersonal relationships; hospital surveillance: Challenges, muteness and neglect; Expectations, conflicts and feelings in the work process; Leisure: the other side of the work process, and Suffering generating aspects of in the work process. We consider the analysis of quarters generated by the program, which SLQ houses in the central core of the representations; the SRQ and the DLQ the intermediaries elements and the DRQ the peripheral elements that nurses do in their psychological distress. We analytically adequate results in the three belonging dimensions of social representations: the Subjectivity, the Intersubjectivity and Trans-subjectivity. We infer that the interpersonal relationship, the extra work, the deviation in the role of nurse show themself as the factors responsible for psychological distress of it. In that sense, the central core of SR of this profession is based on the level of trans-subjectivity and understood as a Social Representation controversy

Os significados do tabagismo constru��dos na din��mica social

The present study has the purpose of catching the significances of smoking in the social dinamics based on the Theory of Social Representations. It was developed among adults with ages from 20 to 59 years, low social and economic conditions, at Natal RN, Brazil. The Free-words Association Test was applied as the instrument of data collection and a semi-structured interview with the smokers and non-smokers, besides a structured interview with smokers, non-smokers and ex-smokers. All data was analyzed by the descriptive statistics using the Analysis of Content Technique of the thematic kind and by the softwares ALCESTE and EVOC 2000. Elaborations about smoking were marked by social, cultural and historical dimension, however they showed sensibility to changes and revealed positive and negative aspects of the habit. The analysis of the semi-structured interviews showed the following categories and under-categories respectively: Initiation of the habit (Friends and Family and Appreciation and Beauty); Psychosocial Implications of smoking (Personal relationship, Work and Financial); Behavior when facing smoking (Positive, Negative and Neutral); Smoking Effects (Smokers�� health and the other people health); Description about oral diseases ( Bad breath, Oral cancer and Dental problems); Smoking treatment (Physician and psychological, Supernatural and Difficulties). ALCESTE analysis presented 4 classes: Ambivalence between pleasure and get ill, Smoking as a trouble and danger to society, Social discrimination of smokers and Mouth as a place of reaffirmation of the discrimination. Those helped us to understand the psychosocial repercussion of the habit. On the social representation structure we identified as a probable central nucleus of the smoker group the categories Pleasure and Bad to the health and as peripheral elements Alcoholic Drink, Financial damage and Nervousness. For the non-smoker group the category Bad to the health comes first and Stop Smoking comes as a peripheral element. Finally, we hope that the knowledge of these representations can contribute to plan and/or to rethink over the professional practices and public policies related to smoking. Besides that, for an amplified comprehension of the study object the discussions over the identified representations should be deepen and amplified to other population and social groups

Por tr��s das grades :reflex��es sobre a experi��ncia do ser apenado na situa����o de priva����o de liberdade

This research has resulted of investigations appeared from our work experience as psychologist in a prison of the state Rio Grande do Norte. It deals with the meeting with prisoner in the search for the rescue of the human being dignity, discovering the being that finds annulled by backwards of the prison. The current debate on the prisoners in Brazil has as focus the creation of efficient strategies in the combat to the criminal acts, not being worried in understanding the historical and social conditions in the context in which such acts develop. Our objective was to reach an understanding of the experience of the prisoner in the situation of freedom deprivation in Natal (RN) city. Its significant social relevance meets in emphasized thematic which intends to be revealing of the not-said one of these citizens. The epistemological space and the vision of adopted human being support in the humanist ideas of the Centered Approach in the Person and construct self, central nucleus of the personality theory proposal by Carl Rogers. We opt to the phenomenological method as way of access to the singularity of the experience of each one of the participants, supporting us in the strategy of the narrative as expression of the lived world. The results had pointed that the investigated experience is through suffering, that is, the way to be in the world of prisoner in the situation of freedom deprivation is felt by him/her as difficult to support. This reality is had by him/her as difficult to control, having a negative emotional repercussion for the self, leading the citizen to the alienation of his/her existential flow in these circumstances. The reflections produced in this work take us to consider that the punishment practices on behalf of a normalization of the behavior, linked to the recovery idea, do not meet to the intention of the arrests, that come demonstrating to the inefficacy of the objectives shown in the law as well as the loss of the human being dignity

Uma an��lise da din��mica do p��ndulo eletromec��nico utilizando a teoria de pertuba����es

P��s-gradua����o em Matem��tica - IBILCE

Representa����es de meio ambiente por crian��as da educa����o infantil

Este estudo teve por objetivo investigar as representa����es de crian��as da Educa����o Infantil (EI) sobre o meio ambiente, em interface com a Educa����o Ambiental, como forma de entender as rela����es que a crian��a tem de si com o meio ambiente, tendo como foco principal as id��ias e imagens que as crian��as fazem do meio ambiente. A pesquisa postula uma abordagem qualitativa com ��nfase �� metodologia da teoria da representa����o social de Serge Moscovici (1978), Jodelet et al. (2001), associado ao trabalho de percep����o ambiental, balizadas em Del Rio (1996); Tuan (1980, 1983). Para o processo de interven����o foram utilizadas estrat��gias de percep����es, efetivadas atrav��s um passeio explorat��rio e interpretativo do espa��o sala de aula, e do jogo das evoca����es, cujas ilustra����es foram inspiradas nas tipologias de ambiente segundo Sauv�� et al. (2000) e Sato (2004), evocadas sob a express��o indutora meio ambiente. Todas as atividades foram balizadas pelas express��es orais e pict��ricas das crian��as, dados esses analisados a partir do conte��do gr��fico e discursivo contidos nas constru����es sociais de meio ambiente, numa interpreta����o infantil. Os sujeitos da pesquisa foram 20 crian��as de 6 anos de idade, alunos da educa����o infantil de uma escola p��blica, situada no bairro Montese, na cidade de Bel��m (PA). Nas an��lises dos dados tornou-se evidente o valor topof��lico em rela����o aos ambientes, em especial, os do conv��vio escolar e familiar das crian��as, expressos pela afetividade, elemento fundamental de forma����o da identidade pessoal e de inter-rela����es com o meio ambiente. De acordo com as evoca����es, os resultados mostraram que as crian��as concebem o meio ambiente como problema na 1�� evoca����o, como biosfera na 2�� evoca����o, e por ��ltimo, como natureza. Na estrutura representacional, o ambiente como problema mostrou ser o N��cleo Central das representa����es sociais que, confirmados pelos desenhos e falas infantis, indicam o poder de veicula����o da m��dia em torno de suas concep����es, estes ancorados na necessidade de preservar (interven����o) o meio ambiente para garantir a vida no planeta.

Representa����es sociais de familiares sobre o atendimento das emerg��ncias psiqui��tricas

The reformist movements in the field of mental health have pointed battle flags, among which the prioritization of production of mental health care out of the asylum environment should be highlighted, aiming the reduction of psychiatric beds, greater control over the hospitalization, family co-participation and the rescue of the citizenship of the social players involved. With the progressive reduction of asylum beds, associated with a lot of structural problems in the health services, the occurrence of crises outside the hospital environment has been increasingly frequent, thus giving the family an important therapeutic role. In face of this scenario, there is an urgent need to understand the social construction of the care for psychiatric emergencies, identifying the meanings assigned by family members to their constituent aspects. This study seeks to answer the following research question: what are the social representations of family members about the care of psychiatric emergencies in the city of Mossor��, Rio Grande do Norte? Therefore, the aim is to analyze the social representations of family members about the care of psychiatric emergencies in the city of Mossor��, Rio Grande do Norte. This is an exploratory and descriptive study, with a mixed approach, making use of multimethods: for collection, the semi-structured interview and the Technique of Free Association of Words; for data analysis, the Thematic Analysis of Bardin and its steps was used, with the informational support of the softwares ALCESTE (Analyse Lexicale par Contexte d'un Ensemble de Segments de Texte) and Iramuteq (Interface de R pour les Analyses Multidimensionnelles de Textes et de Questionnaires); and the theoretical support of social representations. The study participants totaled 72, and they were selected from the following criteria: older than18 years, with degree of kinship with users suffering from some mental and behavioral disorder, and who have already witnessed a situation of crisis, rescued by the SAMU or other means and taken to the psychiatric hospital or general emergency room. Preliminary results point out: 1.Previous note of the research project with the aim to disseminate it in the scientific community and ensure the intellectual property of the work; 2.The contextual analysis of the care for emergencies in the study place. Reflection about the phenomenon provide a name to the care for the psychiatric emergencies, which is called immediate context; the technical and operational aspects that influence the care, as a specific/ general context; and mental health policies in Brazil are identified as metacontext; 3. The systematic review from randomized clinical trials in the databases PubMed, COCHRANE, LILACS, SciELO and SCIRUS, with the use of the descriptors: ���Physical restraint���, ���Psychiatric emergency services���, ���Restraint���, ���Physical and Emergency Services���, ���Psychiatric���. Only one work met the search protocol criteria: a short-term essay that records limited results about the proportion of people who are in restraint and seclusion. It does not show statistically significant results in relation to indications, contraindications and risks of the use of physical restraint; 4. The social representations of the care for psychiatric emergencies. The study results point to the presence of five thematic categories: 1. feeling in the face of the crisis/care; 2. thoughts and perspectives about the crisis/care; 3. centrality of care in the medical- medication-hospitalization triad; 4. the thinking/acting in the face of the use of physical restraint and police force; 5. periodicity of crises. The central core of the representation is in the first category, whilst the peripheral elements are in the third and fifth categories. The contrast zone is in the second and fourth categories. The sadness is the most prominent element of the structure. The social representations about the care for psychiatric crises are at a time of transition between the hegemonic and reformist models, with the traditional aspects being predominant, but already showing peripheral and contrast elements that point to a possible change in the representational field.

Representa����es sociais do trabalho: uma an��lise comparativa entre jovens trabalhadores e n��o trabalhadores

O trabalho na adolesc��ncia �� justificado, dentre outros aspectos, pela necessidade econ��mica das fam��lias. Os objetivos deste estudo foram analisar o conte��do e a estrutura da representa����o social do trabalho na adolesc��ncia, entre estudantes trabalhadores e n��o trabalhadores, entre catorze e dezoito anos; comparar as representa����es nos dois grupos estudados; verificar se as cogni����es participantes do n��cleo central das representa����es caracterizadas se confirmam em uma segunda t��cnica de estudo das representa����es. A amostra foi composta por 724 alunos do ensino m��dio da rede p��blica de ensino da cidade de S��o Paulo. A coleta de dados foi realizada atrav��s da t��cnica de evoca����es livres de palavras, utilizando o termo indutor "trabalho", e da realiza����o de 21 grupos focais. Os resultados revelam que a representa����o do trabalho, em ambos os grupos, foi associada a significados morais e psicossociais positivos. Do ponto de vista metodol��gico, a maioria dos elementos classificados como participantes do n��cleo central da representa����o foram confirmados nos diferentes eixos tem��ticos da an��lise de conte��do dos grupos focais.

Motiva����es e expectativas dos alunos de um Curso Superior de Enfermagem

A profundidade das transforma����es sociais em curso, juntamente com o desenvolvimento tecnol��gico e cient��fico, t��m causado, na ��ltima d��cada, constantes altera����es no desenvolvimento da Enfermagem como profiss��o. Desta forma, o presente estudo, de car��ter descritivo, n��o experimental e anal��tico, surgiu com o prop��sito de entender as motiva����es e expectativas dos alunos que buscam hoje a profissionaliza����o de enfermagem, na observ��ncia de um crescimento na aloca����o dos seus servi��os nos ��ltimos anos; sempre no intuito de compreender se os fatores financeiros e de garantia de emprego est��o hoje como elemento de superioridade para a escolha da profiss��o. Para tanto, question��rios individuais foram aplicados aos alunos matriculados nas classes do primeiro (T.1: n=35) e ��ltimo semestre letivo (T.2: n=35), colocando em foco se as motiva����es para a escolha do curso teriam significa����es diferentes entre estas. Diferen��as estatisticamente significantes n��o foram encontradas entre as turmas que fizeram parte desta pesquisa. Em ambos os grupos, pudemos observar que um expressivo percentual dos entrevistados (T.1= 85%; T.2=88,6%) concordou que quest��es humanit��rias foram, de alguma forma, incentivadoras para a escolha do Curso. Quando os mesmos grupos foram indagados quanto �� op����o do Curso, pela garantia de emprego, tamb��m se constatou que tal aspecto foi freq��entemente mencionado como influente nas prefer��ncias dos discentes pela profiss��o (T.1= 71,44%; T.2=45,71%), embora com menor magnitude quando comparado ao anterior. Face ao exposto, diante da metodologia adotada e dos resultados obtidos, conclu��mos que a imagem da Enfermagem como uma atividade caritativa e de ajuda divide hoje o espa��o com um trabalho cient��fico sistematizado, motivado pelo mercado de trabalho e pelo crescimento pessoal. Os valores de doa����o e ideais religiosos n��o aparecem aqui abdicados, mas sim especificados e inovados nos conceitos de humaniza����o, cuidado e rela����o interpessoal, pontos norteadores dos saberes necess��rios aos profissionais de sa��de da atualidade. Entretanto, a garantia de emprego �� atualmente percebida como uma das raz��es determinantes para a escolha de ���ser enfermeiro���. Acreditamos que a amplia����o do mercado de trabalho no setor sa��de e a dinamicidade da cultura, explicitadas no desenvolvimento da Enfermagem, n��o est��o negando o ���cuidar��� como o n��cleo central deste of��cio, mas atribuem certas caracter��sticas espec��ficas de atividade cient��fica a esta profiss��o.

Acompanhamento da constru����o de um edif��cio de escrit��rios: torre ocidente do centro comercial colombo

O presente relat��rio de est��gio tenta traduzir quatro meses de est��gio acad��mico realizado na constru����o da Torre Ocidente do Centro Comercial Colombo expondo quer o trabalho realizado, quer as mat��rias analisadas e estudadas ao longo deste per��odo. Este est��gio foi cumprido no ��mbito do Trabalho Final de Mestrado do curso de Engenharia Civil, no Instituto Superior de Engenharia de Lisboa. A empreitada poder-se-�� dividir em duas partes distintas: o refor��o do n��cleo central da estrutura ao n��vel dos pisos previamente erigidos, sendo os seus elementos constituintes em bet��o armado; e a estrutura dita elevada, na qual o n��cleo central tem o seu desenvolvimento at�� �� cobertura do edif��cio, enquanto a periferia �� constitu��da por vigas e pilares met��licos, em conjunto com lajes colaborantes. ��, na sua ess��ncia, uma estrutura mista. Dado que ocorreu um per��odo de aproximadamente 15 anos entre a constru����o do Centro Comercial e as torres, existiu a oportunidade de complementar e ajustar o comportamento estrutural das torres, refor��ando desta forma o embasamento das mesmas. Este refor��o consistiu na constru����o de novos elementos verticais (paredes), devidamente ligadas ao ensoleiramento geral da estrutura conjunta e dispostas de forma a conferir maior capacidade resistente ao efeito da ac����o s��smica. Embora o in��cio da constru����o do esqueleto da estrutura elevada estivesse prevista para estar inclu��do no per��odo de est��gio, isso n��o se verificou. Foi contudo, analisado durante o seu per��odo, o m��todo construtivo a ser usado (pouco usual em Portugal para a constru����o de edif��cios) e o projecto de estabilidade da mesma, assim como alguns dos elementos que a constituem. Est�� inclu��do tamb��m neste relat��rio, a descri����o de trabalhos an��logos ao ��mbito do Trabalho Final de Mestrado executado ao longo do per��odo de est��gio.

Reabilita����o de um edif��cio situado na zona hist��rica do Bairro Alto, Rua da Rosa n�� 15

Embora o t��tulo desta Disserta����o seja ���Reabilita����o de um edif��cio situado na zona hist��rica do Bairro Alto, Rua da Rosa, n��15���, ser��o apresentados associados a este tema diversos sub-temas a saber, tais como: O enquadramento hist��rico que deu origem ao estado actual do Bairro Alto, desde os prim��rdios do nascimento do aglomerado urbano. Inventaria����o e levantamento das tipologias representativas dos edif��cios que constituem o n��cleo central do Bairro Alto. Inventaria����o e levantamento das patologias representativas dos edif��cios com a identifica����o da sua origem e contribui����o para a degrada����o do edificado. As motiva����es que concorreram para a constru����o neste Bairro de edif��cios de base Monumental, de uma riqueza patrimonial que chegou aos nossos tempos, fruto das trocas comerciais no advento da ��poca dos Descobrimentos e refer��ncias aos condicionamentos legais que s��o colocados ��s opera����es reabilita����o dos edif��cios deste bairro. Abordagem �� evolu����o demogr��fica no Bairro, assim como ao seu enquadramento, em termos s��cio-profissionais e da regenera����o da sua popula����o, com base em resultados apurados nos censos �� popula����o. Numa fase posterior, apresentar-se-�� um estudo s��ntese de reabilita����o de um edif��cio situado na Rua da Rosa, n��15, que n��o inclui a elabora����o de projecto espec��fico, integrado em quarteir��o tipo. Ser��o apresentadas conclus��es finais, atrav��s da extrapola����o da solu����o para o edif��cio em estudo, em primeiro lugar para o quarteir��o onde o edif��cio se encontra integrado e depois para a restante ��rea central do Bairro Alto. Ser��o tamb��m efectuadas refer��ncias aos constrangimentos a uma adequada requalifica����o dos edif��cios, que deveria ter por base a unidade ���quarteir��o���, fruto em grande medida da excessiva densidade de constru����o, assim como da ocupa����o excessiva dos solos, que ultrapassa todos os limites admiss��veis do ponto de vista urban��stico e que entra em ���conflito��� com os actuais regulamentos urban��sticos aplic��veis ��s novas zonas a urbanizar, pelo que e em face da transpar��ncia, �� urgente a elabora����o de um Regulamento que n��o levantasse duvidas aos promotores imobili��rios, quando tencionassem intervir em opera����es de reabilita����o no edificado.

Speculum Musicae - Iconografia Musical na Arte do final da Idade M��dia em Portugal

Disserta����o de Doutoramento em Hist��ria da Arte ��� Medieval

Interac����o estrutura/funda����o/terreno: influ��ncia das vigas de funda����o no comportamento de edif��cios fundados em estacas

Disserta����o apresentada na Faculdade de Ci��ncias e Tecnologia da Universidade Nova de Lisboa para a obten����o do grau de Mestre em Engenharia Civil - Estruturas e Geotecnia

Rede urbana e desenvolvimento na Regi��o Aut��noma da Madeira

Tese de doutoramento apresentada para cumprimento dos requisitos necess��rios �� obten����o do grau de Doutor em Geografia e Planeamento Territorial, Especialidade em Planeamento e Ordenamento do Territ��rio.

A Multiple Criteria Utility-based Approa h for the Unit Commitment with Wind Power and Pumped Storage Hydro

The integration of wind power in eletricity generation brings new challenges to unit commitment due to the random nature of wind speed. For this particular optimisation problem, wind uncertainty has been handled in practice by means of conservative stochastic scenario-based optimisation models, or through additional operating reserve settings. However, generation companies may have different attitudes towards operating costs, load curtailment, or waste of wind energy, when considering the risk caused by wind power variability. Therefore, alternative and possibly more adequate approaches should be explored. This work is divided in two main parts. Firstly we survey the main formulations presented in the literature for the integration of wind power in the unit commitment problem (UCP) and present an alternative model for the wind-thermal unit commitment. We make use of the utility theory concepts to develop a multi-criteria stochastic model. The objectives considered are the minimisation of costs, load curtailment and waste of wind energy. Those are represented by individual utility functions and aggregated in a single additive utility function. This last function is adequately linearised leading to a mixed-integer linear program (MILP) model that can be tackled by general-purpose solvers in order to find the most preferred solution. In the second part we discuss the integration of pumped-storage hydro (PSH) units in the UCP with large wind penetration. Those units can provide extra flexibility by using wind energy to pump and store water in the form of potential energy that can be generated after during peak load periods. PSH units are added to the first model, yielding a MILP model with wind-hydro-thermal coordination. Results showed that the proposed methodology is able to reflect the risk profiles of decision makers for both models. By including PSH units, the results are significantly improved.