Éducation et instruction; enseignement supérieur.

Mode of access: Internet.

Des dispositions des innées de l'ame et de l'esprit : du matérialisme, du fatalisme et de la liberté morale, avec des réflexions sur l'éducation et sur la législation criminelle /

Mode of access: Internet.

Histoire universelle de la pédagogie : refermant les systèmes d'éducation et les méthodes d'enseignement des temps anciens et modernes... /

Mode of access: Internet.

Dialogue entre la France, le monde et Robert Owen : sur la nécessité d'un changement total dans nos systèmes d'éducation et de gouvernement /

Mode of access: Internet.

L'éducation et la solidarité; travaux présentés au troisième Congrès international d'éducation morale.

Mode of access: Internet.

Attachement des enfants en famille d’accueil : contribution de la santé mentale et de la sensibilité interactive du parent d’accueil ainsi que des caractéristiques du placement

Cette étude a pour objectif d’’examiner les rôles de la sensibilité interactive (SI) et des symptômes liés à la dépression du parent sur la sécurité d’’attachement (SA) des enfants de 12 à 42 mois placés en famille d’’accueil. Certaines caractéristiques propres à la situation de placement sont également analysées comme étant des modérateurs potentiels de la relation entre la SI et la SA, soit le nombre de placements vécus par l’’enfant, l’’âge de celui-ci lors du placement ainsi que la durée du placement. Le type de famille d’’accueil dans lequel vit l’’enfant est analysé comme étant en lien avec la sécurité d’’attachement par le biais d’une médiation de la SI. L’’échantillon est composé de 41 enfants. Les résultats permettent d’’identifier la SI comme étant un facteur prépondérant pour la SA de l’’enfant, alors que les symptômes de dépression ne semblent pas contribuer à celle-ci. Les caractéristiques du placement ne modèrent pas le lien trouvé entre la SI et la SA, ce qui renforce l’importance des facteurs plus proximaux pour l’’enfant, comme la SI. Le lien entre le type de famille d’’accueil et la SA semble médiatisé par la SI.

Non-Deteriorating Choice

We analyze an alternative to the standard rationalizability requirement for observed choices by considering non-deteriorating selections. A selection function is a generalization of a choice function where selected alternatives may depend on a reference (or status quo) alternative in addition to the set of feasible options. A selection function is non-deteriorating if there exists an ordering over the universal set of alternatives such that the selected alternatives are at least as good as the reference option. We characterize non-deteriorating selection functions in an abstract framework and in an economic environment.

Investment Under Demand Uncertainty: the Newsboy Problem Revisited.

In this article we study the effect of uncertainty on an entrepreneur who must choose the capacity of his business before knowing the demand for his product. The unit profit of operation is known with certainty but there is no flexibility in our one-period framework. We show how the introduction of global uncertainty reduces the investment of the risk neutral entrepreneur and, even more, that the risk averse one. We also show how marginal increases in risk reduce the optimal capacity of both the risk neutral and the risk averse entrepreneur, without any restriction on the concave utility function and with limited restrictions on the definition of a mean preserving spread. These general results are explained by the fact that the newsboy has a piecewise-linear, and concave, monetary payoff witha kink endogenously determined at the level of optimal capacity. Our results are compared with those in the two literatures on price uncertainty and demand uncertainty, and particularly, with the recent contributions of Eeckhoudt, Gollier and Schlesinger (1991, 1995).

Tests of Conditional Asset Pricing Models in the Brazilian Stock Market

In this paper, we test a version of the conditional CAPM with respect to a local market portfolio, proxied by the Brazilian stock index during the 1976-1992 period. We also test a conditional APT model by using the difference between the 30-day rate (Cdb) and the overnight rate as a second factor in addition to the market portfolio in order to capture the large inflation risk present during this period. The conditional CAPM and APT models are estimated by the Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) and tested on a set of size portfolios created from a total of 25 securities exchanged on the Brazilian markets. The inclusion of this second factor proves to be crucial for the appropriate pricing of the portfolios.

The Macroeconomic Effects of Infrequent Information with Adjustment Costs

In the last decade, the potential macroeconomic effects of intermittent large adjustments in microeconomic decision variables such as prices, investment, consumption of durables or employment – a behavior which may be justified by the presence of kinked adjustment costs – have been studied in models where economic agents continuously observe the optimal level of their decision variable. In this paper, we develop a simple model which introduces infrequent information in a kinked adjustment cost model by assuming that agents do not observe continuously the frictionless optimal level of the control variable. Periodic releases of macroeconomic statistics or dividend announcements are examples of such infrequent information arrivals. We first solve for the optimal individual decision rule, that is found to be both state and time dependent. We then develop an aggregation framework to study the macroeconomic implications of such optimal individual decision rules. Our model has the distinct characteristic that a vast number of agents tend to act together, and more so when uncertainty is large. The average effect of an aggregate shock is inversely related to its size and to aggregate uncertainty. We show that these results differ substantially from the ones obtained with full information adjustment cost models.

Cognition in Seemingly Riskless Choices and Judgments.

We instillate rational cognition and learning in seemingly riskless choices and judgments. Preferences and possibilities are given in a stochastic sense and based on revisable expectations. the theory predicts experimental preference reversals and passes a sharp econometric test of the status quo bias drawn from a field study.

Arbitrage-Based Pricing when Volatility is Stochastic.

The paper investigates the pricing of derivative securities with calendar-time maturities.

Investment Under Demand Uncertainty: the Newsboy Problem Revisited.

In this article we study the effect of uncertainty on an entrepreneur who must choose the capacity of his business before knowing the demand for his product. The unit profit of operation is known with certainty but there is no flexibility in our one-period framework. We show how the introduction of global uncertainty reduces the investment of the risk neutral entrepreneur and, even more, that the risk averse one. We also show how marginal increases in risk reduce the optimal capacity of both the risk neutral and the risk averse entrepreneur, without any restriction on the concave utility function and with limited restrictions on the definition of a mean preserving spread. These general results are explained by the fact that the newsboy has a piecewise-linear, and concave, monetary payoff witha kink endogenously determined at the level of optimal capacity. Our results are compared with those in the two literatures on price uncertainty and demand uncertainty, and particularly, with the recent contributions of Eeckhoudt, Gollier and Schlesinger (1991, 1995).

Moral Hazard and Marshallian Inefficiency: Evidence from Tunisia.

In the presence of moral hazard, received agency theory predicts the Marshallian inefficiency of agricultural tenancy contracts, meaning that inputs per hectare on sharecropped land will differ from that on owned land. in this paper, we test for the presence of Marshallian inefficiency using a unique data set collected in the Tunisian village of El Oulja in 1993.

Corruption, croissance économique et pauvreté : cas des pays méditerranéens

L’objectif de ce papier est d’étudier l’incidence des inégalités de revenu, de la croissance économique et de la corruption sur la pauvreté. Pour ce faire, nous développons, tout d’abord, une revue de la littérature sur le lien entre croissance et pauvreté. Ensuite, nous soulevons l’importance du rôle des institutions dans l’amélioration de la croissance économique et la lutte contre la pauvreté. Enfin, nous étudions l’incidence des ces facteurs sur la pauvreté pour un échantillon des sept pays méditerranéens pour la période 1995-2007. Les résultats dégagés prouvent que la croissance est pro-pauvre et que la corruption nuit à la croissance économique et aggrave la pauvreté.