Os (des)caminhos da política urbana: uma avaliação crítica dos anos setenta

O objetivo deste trabalho é de sistematizar e reconstituir, a partir da experiência vivida, os caminhos percorridos pelo Estado, na tentativa de implantar uma política urbana. A abordagem, aqui adotada, é parcial, porque confere prioridade ao aspecto de concepção/implementação da Politica urbana, aprofundando-se na análise da dinâmica do poder executivo (intra burocrática), através da qual tiveram origem as sucessivas tomadas de posição do Estado, nesse campo. Foram consideradas, apenas as manifestações mais evidentes da vinculação da politica urbana com os agentes sociais.

La dimension personelle dans la formation des enseignants de l'enseignement de base du 1er cycle à Madère

Orientador Louis Marmoz

A dimensão europeia da educação: (des) construções ao nível do projecto educativo e do currículo do ensino secundário: um estudo de caso múltiplo

Defendemos a ideia de que factores como a globalização e a europeização, aliados a constantes critérios de convergência, cuja fuga se torna sinónimo de fracasso e distanciamento face a uma Europa que se pretende competitiva, apelam a um redesenhar das acções quer sociais como educativas. Esta investigação visa explorar e descrever os processos que ao nível das escolas de ensino secundário público do Concelho do Funchal consubstanciam a dimensão europeia da educação. A partir de um estudo de caso múltiplo recorremos à análise documental dos Projectos Educativos de Escola, bem como de dezoito Programas de disciplinas e das orientações para as áreas curriculares não disciplinares, focalizando a interpretação da Europa na acção da escola por intermédio das noções chave, dos temas e tópicos relativos à dimensão europeia da educação, segundo a Recomendação n.º R (83) 4 e a Resolução n.º 1 do Conselho da Europa. Concluiu-se que a dimensão europeia da educação é vivenciada nas escolas analisadas, pela variedade de actividades que exploram daquela dimensão, muito embora a visão educativa que o texto dos Projectos contempla não seja, na maioria dos casos, directa no propósito de valorização da dimensão europeia da educação. É uma questão formal que importa ser rectificada para que dentro deste discurso haja uma maior congruência entre a teoria e a prática. Já ao nível dos curricula verificou-se que é pela transversalidade da educação para a cidadania que a dimensão europeia da educação se personifica. Todavia, destacámos os Programas Nacionais em que a Europa é revisitada sob os temas e tópicos que a norma europeia recomenda, concluindo-se que pelas áreas ou domínios de referência subjacentes à visão geral do desenvolvimento dos conteúdos programáticos, há uma valorização de temáticas como a preservação da diversidade cultural e geográfica da Europa; o pluralismo linguístico e a riqueza sociocultural que daí advém; as alterações climáticas e o posicionamento da política comum europeia para as questões ambientais; a história e evolução da Europa e suas instituições, como ainda, a valorização de grandes temas como a consciencialização dos jovens para a cidadania europeia activa, sob os pilares da tolerância, solidariedade, cooperação, paz e democracia.

L`empreinte de la mer: identité des pêcheurs de Nazaré-Portugal: ethnologie d`une communauté de pêcheurs

Aliette Geistdoerfer

Quando a identidade os (des)une: a projecção social e cultural do Marítimo, Nacional e União na Madeira entre 1910-1926, 1945-1955 e 1974-1987/88

Este texto procura ser uma contribuição para a compreensão do fenómeno desportivo enquanto manifestação social, cultural e identitária, através do estudo e da análise dos trajectos, plurais e únicos, de três clubes desportivos madeirenses: Clube Sport Marítimo, Clube Desportivo Nacional e Clube Futebol União. O desporto, nascendo inicialmente com o objectivo de entretenimento, constitui, hoje, um pólo de coesão social, pois verificamos que os clubes desportivos de maior representatividade, apesar de fomentarem rivalidades, constituem-se como agentes de desenvolvimento cultural e identitário e projectam regiões e cidades muito além do nível local. Neste projecto, depois de se equacionar alguns pressupostos teóricos sobre o fenómeno desportivo centrámos a nossa atenção nos clubes desportivos regionais de maior representatividade e longevidade. Estes influenciam e são influenciados pelas representações sociais e culturais, pelo que o acompanhamento dos seus princípios, da sua missão e finalidade, das acções desenvolvidas e do seu percurso desde os primeiros anos da sua fundação até uma década após a conquista da autonomia política, administrativa, financeira, económica e fiscal da RAM, mostrou-se fundamental para uma análise cuidada e atenta. Centrando a nossa atenção nos períodos compreendidos entre 1910 e 1926, 1945 e 1955 e entre 1974 e 1987/88, o que se pretende saber, de facto, é se os clubes desportivos - Marítimo, Nacional e União - constituem-se como um fenómeno isolado ou representam em si um factor estruturante de desenvolvimento social, cultural e identitário do espaço insular. O presente trabalho trata-se de um contributo preliminar para um maior interesse pelo estudo académico de um fenómeno de ancestralidade respeitável, particularmente o desportivo.

A verdade (des)construída: a inserção da homossexualidade na comunidade cristã Nova Esperança, em Natal

The religious plurality has been increasingly intense in Brazil, while it has served as an object of study in various fields of knowledge. In this context, this paper aims to point out the general heterogeneity among experienced growth of Protestant and evangelical denominations, especially those who claim to be inclusive by attending to human diversity, seeking to understand the relationship between religion and homosexuality. Specific objectives aim to understand the functioning and speeches produced by Comunidade Cristã Nova Esperança in Natal. The theoretical framework was seated in the works of Bento (2008), Lima (2009), Goffman (2001), Natividade (2008), Musskopf (2008), Helminiak (1998), Foucault (1997), among others. We tried to discuss the trajectory and how is the process of organization of the Comunidade Cristã Nova Esperança in Natal, the social advances that have reached homosexuals in our country, how this institution has contributed to the shift in paradigm in Christianity in respect to matters pertaining to religion and homosexuality, and the meaning of being a homosexual christian from the viewpoint perceived by social subjects living this experience

Estética do apocalipse: (re) considerações acerca da (des) arborização urbana de Natal e seu contributo à saúde pública

This study intends to establish a relation between environmental degradation, particularly the devastation of the green canopy, and public health. Utilizing a mapping of the trees included in the researched area, each individual tree was analyzed according to its age, taxonomic listing, architecture, shape and size (determined by aesthetic/convenience reasons or deformed by pruning). Initially investigated were the covert reasons lying underneath the constant aggression against trees (which many times seem to contain elements of hatred and contempt) within the urban environment. In addition to that, the aspects concerning environmental modifications and the consequent impact on public health were also assessed. Two main problems promptly emerged as a result of the removal of trees: a) without a canopy to protect the areas, they became subject to winds directly blown from SW Africa and impregnated with aerosol partic les, which are common causes for respiratory disorders and, b) direct UV solar radiation, which causes some types of skin cancers and eye disorders. To reach such results, we studied the origins and formation of UV radiation induced cancers and searched for the UV radiation spectra of action, e.g., usual intensity and quantity reaching clear and shadowed spaces in a certain area and its consequences. In a second instance, we also searched for pertinent data resources in order to confirm the increase of skin cancer cases due to exposure to UV radiation and the relation between the destruction of the green canopy and the above mentioned problems. We believe that a few significant results have been achieved by this study, namely: the relation between a culture based on medieval beliefs and its consequences on the environment; how this culture exploits and deforms nature in pursuit of financial and psychological interests to a point of transforming the landscape into a copy of something devoid of any relation to latitude and altitude; and above all, the indifference concerning the alarming results carried by these modifications

IIRSA: outro passo na pilhagem, exploração e (des) integração dos povos e territórios sul-americanos

La llamada Iniciativa para la Integración de Infraestructura Regional Suramericana (IIRSA) es un acuerdo multinacional celebrado entre los 12 países de América del Sur desde el año 2000, materializado a través de 10 ejes de comercialización orientados a la construcción de varios proyectos de infraestructura, que incluye la construcción de una enorme red de energía, de comunicación y transporte. Estos proyectos han sido financiados principalmente por los organismos multilaterales (BID, CAF, FONPLATA) profundizando la dependencia económica y política de los países involucrados, en especial mediante el aumento de la deuda externa, las empresas transnacionales garantizarán la infraestructura necesaria para la explotación más acentuada de nuestros recursos naturales y de la mano de obra barata, asegurando el abastecimiento de sus mercados. En este sentido, el discurso de crecimiento económico regional creará los mecanismos necesarios para la reproducción ampliada del sistema capitalista, mediante la promoción de la liberalización de los mercados internacionales, tales como intenta los Estados Unidos a través del Área de Libre Comercio de las Américas. En realidad, es un Desarrollo Regional de los países del Norte, un plan estratégico de ordenamiento territorial construido por transnacionales y dictado por el imperialismo de Norteamérica. Bajo la dirección del gobierno de Brasil ha sido implementado sigilosamente, para que los jefes de Estado, sin nombrarlo, ejecuten sus planes de desarrollo como parte de esta tan evidente estrategia de saqueo, entusiasmados y convencidos de que serán generosamente recompensados. Proclaman e inauguran proyectos de infraestructura que las empresas multinacionales y transnacionales consideran indispensables para el saqueo de los recursos naturales que aún quedan, después de cinco siglos de explotación continua de América Latina. En este sentido, nuestra investigación se volvió hacia el análisis de lo sector energético de lo Eje Perú-Brasil-Bolivia, por considerarlo de suma importancia para el mantenimiento de la explotación y consolidación hegemónica de las corporaciones multinacionales en América Latina

Representações sociais de professor partilhadas por licenciados a partir de imagens de professor

This investigation had the teacher as object of study, whose objective was to know and analyze the teacher‟s Social Representations (SR) shared by undergraduates, as from images of this professional (teachers´ photos of several levels and school systems). It was searched out the process of depreciation or estimation, in which the teaching profession has been passing, trying to catch, specifically, possible existing correlations among such SR and the reflections in the attitudes developed by these students about their own development and professional practice. The data collection was carried out at the Federal University of Piauí Teresina with 165 undergraduates (15 from each course). It was applied a semi-structured interview, mediated by iconographic grouping (SALES, 2000, 2007), outlining a methodological widening of the studies fulfilled by (ROAZZI, 1995). It was used the function Factor Analysis, available in the SPSS (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences) for the analysis of the quantitative data, and it was proceeded a content analysis through the categorical analysis technique (BARDIN, 1977) for the analytical procedures of the qualitative data. It was resorted to the SR theory (MOSCOVICI, 1978) for the data interpretation and the Theory of Signs (PEIRCE. 1995) in the understanding of the decodification processes of signs that were present in the photos worked. It became evident that the undergraduates perceived the teaching profession inserted in a hierarchical scale of values (positive/negative), directly related to the school system and the teaching level, in which the teacher works. Most undergraduates share teacher‟s SR of negative content, consolidating the hegemonic SR about the teacher‟s social depreciation, although some of them imagine themselves, in the future, inserted among the teachers more appraised, showing that the SR orientate the positive and negative attitudes about the teacher. The presence of SR that mobilize the interviewers‟ attitudes in opposite senses related to the teacher, offer evidence of the necessity of future studies that can use a methodology more focused to understand other motivation factors that the undergraduates give evidence of having to the course they have chosen, besides the ones inferred by the SR caught in this investigation, as well as to establish a correlation between the teacher‟s SR (positive and negative) and the social economic level of the interviewers that share them. Such data revealed itself necessary since the literature signalizes for a relation between the course chosen and the applicant‟s social-economic level, and that the applicants‟ objective conditions to the licenciature courses are related to the subjective hopes that their group supplies

Habitus, representações sociais e a construção do ser professora da educação infantil da cidade de Campina Grande - PB

We present here the results of a study whose objectives were to identify the social representation of being a professor of early childhood education in Campina Grande - PB, in the public state and municipal levels, and detect structural diagrams of a possible mental habitus of professorial faculty of education child, which would form the basis for the construction of this representation. As a theoretical base, we adopted the model developed by Domingos Sobrinho (1998, 2000, 2003, 2010, 2011), which articulates the Theory of Social Representations, Serge Moscovici, and the foundations and concepts of Pierre Bourdieu praxiology. It is based also on the Central Nucleus Theory, which focuses on the structural approach of social representations. Thus, puts in evidence the relational dynamics and symbolic, through which individuals come into contact, describe, understand and reproduce the outside world in his image and likeness. 199 teachers participated in the study of child care and pre-schools of Campina Grande - PB and 109 of the state. The methods and techniques used were: a) participant observation of everyday life of teachers of kindergartens and preschools, b) semi-structured interview, c) free associations of words with inducing the expression 'being a professor of early childhood education is ...' and d) semi-structured questionnaire. The data were analyzed in the case of interviews through the categorical content analysis, as proposed by Bauer (2010); free-associations, using the software Ensemble L'Analyse des Programmes Permettant evocations (EVOC), developed by Vergès (2002), which combines frequency and average order of recall (or association) and the questionnaire data, the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS). It was verified the existence of a unique social representation shared by the population studied, but its content is structured differently. For local teachers, the centrality of the content is given by the elements commitment, dedication, responsibility, and rewarding teachers for this state revolves around the elements of love, patience, and rewarding responsibility. However, it is constructed mainly based on the related produced by a religious habitus and maternal habitus, which are part of the genesis of the establishment of professorial habitus in focus, among other cultural references of secondary influence. We conclude that a teacher of early childhood education actually researched, is materialized in the practices of educating and caring, in a clear fusion of the role of teacher and mother

Gêneros do discurso e escrita: o que as coleções didáticas de português (des)prestigiam no ensino da produção textual?

Through the examination of official indicators, it can be observed that writing is pointed out as one of the main problems concerning formal basic education. However, this teaching-learning object is one of the central objectives at school, having an essential role in different curricular components as well as in the interaction demands required by society. Such paradox indicates, therefore, the relevance of investigations which analyze the intrinsic elements of child development as written text producer. Hence, the main purpose of this research consists of analyzing the treatment given to the types of discourse and the teaching situations in which the written text are produced, concerning Portuguese language didactic material collections approved by Programa Nacional do Livro Didático (PNLD 2010) the Brazilian program of didactic book and worked at elementary school. Such materials correspond to the collections adopted in municipal education system schools from Natal, RN which were below the official education indicator IDEB 2009. Thus, the questions that guide this work are: 1. During writing production lessons, is the diversity of types of discourse effectively worked on didactic collections? 2. Which are the types of discourse and the social spheres prioritized when teaching writing production? 3. How is the situation addressed in the production of the written text should be produced? For this research, we retook the authors Bakhtin, Bunzen, Faraco, Freire, Rodrigues, Rojo, Schneuwly e Dolz and we made a list of all types of discourse and spheres contemplated in the propositions of the writing production in didactical books, concerning the eight collections which compounds the first moment of analysis. Then, we verified how the situation of production is oriented by examining two didactic collections if and how they express the elements referring to the social-historical, functional and linguistic-discursive context of the text to be produced. The data obtained indicate: lack of diversification of types of discourse in the collection that compounds the Aggregate Sample of the research; the conception of a diversity based on the didactic of visiting; the recognition of all canonical and hegemonic types of text as one of the privileged objects of study; the centralization on the standard variety of the language and the devaluation of the representative types of cultural diversity; the shortage of productions which retrace to written language related to different technologies of communication and information; and the little emphasis on the types of discourse related to public language practices. As for the situations of production, it is observed the predominance of the school as a producer of dialogic relationships, whose propositions present, for example, text addressees, enunciative positions, support and contexts of restricted circulation, especially at school. Two divergent situations are observed among the collections: the lack of a work in which the situation of production is under the perspective of the types of discourse as object of teaching-learning; the concept of the types of discourse as object of reflection, presenting a differentiated didactic orientation towards the situation of production. This research contributes, therefore, with a mapping of the existence and the treatment of the types of discourse on propositions of writing production in didactic books; with the critical analysis of the approach of written activities, considering the elements of the historical-social, functional and linguistic-discursive context; thus, through teaching, research and public policies, use and selection of didactic material for the area

A política de educação de jovens e adultos desenvolvida pela APEART no Parana: recontando sua história e seus princípios, seus passos e (des)compassos

Pós-graduação em Educação - FFC

Um painel com cangalhas e bicicletas: os (des)caminhos da modernidade no alto sertão da Bahia (Caetité, 1910-1930)

Pós-graduação em História - FCHS