Elasticity, stability, and ideal strength of beta-SiC in plane-wave-based ab initio calculations

On the basis of the pseudopotential plane-wave method and the local-density-functional theory, this paper studies energetics, stress-strain relation, stability, and ideal strength of beta-SiC under various loading modes, where uniform uniaxial extension and tension and biaxial proportional extension are considered along directions [001] and [111]. The lattice constant, elastic constants, and moduli of equilibrium state are calculated and the results agree well with the experimental data. As the four SI-C bonds along directions [111], [(1) over bar 11], [11(1) over bar] and [111] are not the same under the loading along [111], internal relaxation and the corresponding internal displacements must be considered. We find that, at the beginning of loading, the effect of internal displacement through the shuffle and glide plane diminishes the difference among the four Si-C bonds lengths, but will increase the difference at the subsequent loading, which will result in a crack nucleated on the {111} shuffle plane and a subsequently cleavage fracture. Thus the corresponding theoretical strength is 50.8 GPa, which agrees well with the recent experiment value, 53.4 GPa. However, with the loading along [001], internal relaxation is not important for tetragonal symmetry. Elastic constants during the uniaxial tension along [001] are calculated. Based on the stability analysis with stiffness coefficients, we find that the spinodal and Born instabilities are triggered almost at the same strain, which agrees with the previous molecular-dynamics simulation. During biaxial proportional extension, stress and strength vary proportionally with the biaxial loading ratio at the same longitudinal strain.

Capillary Effect on Vertically Excited Surface Wave in Circular Cylindrical Vessel

In a vertically oscillating circular cylindrical container, singular perturbation theory of two-time scale expansions was developed in inviscid fluids to investigate the motion of single free surface standing wave including the effect of surface tension.

Interferometric Measurement of Density in Nonstationary Shock Wave Reflection Flow and Comparison with CFD

We present density measurements from the application of interferometry and Fourier transform fringe analysis to the problem of nonstationary shock wave reflection over a semicircular cylinder and compare our experimental measurements to theoretical results from a CFD simulation of the same problem. The experimental results demonstrate our ability to resolve detailed structure in this complex shock wave reflection problem, allowing visualization of multiple shocks in the vicinity of the triple point, plus visualization of the shear layer and an associated vortical structure. Comparison between CFD and experiment show significant discrepancies with experiment producing a double Mach Reflection when CFD predicts a transitional Mach reflection.

Modeling Study on the Characteristics of Laminar and Turbulent Argon Plasma Jets Impinging Normally upon a Flat Plate in Ambient Air

Modeling study is performed to compare the flow and heat transfer characteristics of laminar and turbulent argon thermal-plasma jets impinging normally upon a flat plate in ambient air. The combined-diffusion-coefficient method and the turbulence-enhanced combined-diffusion-coefficient method are employed to treat the diffusion of argon in the argon-air mixture for the laminar and the turbulent cases, respectively. Modeling results presented include the flow, temperature and argon concentration fields, the air mass flow-rates entrained into the impinging plasma jets, and the distributions of the heat flux density on the plate surface. It is found that the formation of a radial wall jet on the plate surface appreciably enhances the mass flow rate of the ambient air entrained into the laminar or turbulent plasma impinging-jet. When the plate standoff distance is comparatively small, there exists a significant difference between the laminar and turbulent plasma impinging-jets in their flow fields due to the occurrence of a large closed recirculation vortex in the turbulent plasma impinging-jet, and no appreciable difference is found between the two types of jets in their maximum values and distributions of the heat flux density at the plate surface. At larger plate standoff distances, the effect of the plate on the jet flow fields only appears in the region near the plate, and the axial decaying-rates of the plasma temperature, axial velocity and argon mass fraction along the axis of the laminar plasma impinging-jet become appreciably less than their turbulent counterparts.

The cellular structure of a two-dimensional H2/O2/Ar detonation wave

In this paper, the cellular structure of a two-dimensional detonation wave in a low pressure H2/O2/Ar mixture calculated with a detailed chemical reaction model, high order scheme and high resolution grids is investigated. The regular cellular structure is produced about 1 ms after introducing perturbations in the reaction zone of a steady one-dimensional detonation wave. It is found from the present resolution study that the discrepancies concerning the structure type arising from the coarser grid employed can be resolved using a sufficiently fine grid size of 0.05 mm and below and shows a double-Mach-like strong-type configuration. During the structure evolution process, the structure configuration does not change much in the periods before and after the triple point collision. Through the triple point collision, three regular collision processes are observed and are followed by a quick change to the double-Mach-like configuration. The simulated structure tracks show that there are three different tracks associated with different triple points or the kink on the transverse wave. Comparisons with previous work and experiments indicate the presence of a strong structure for an ordinary detonation.

Analytical Interaction of the Acoustic Wave and Turbulent Flame

A modified resonance model of a weakly turbulent flame in a high-frequency acoustic wave is derived analytically. Under the mechanism of Darrieus-Landau instability, the amplitude of flame wrinkles, which is as functions of the expansion coefficient and the perturbation wave number, increases greatly independent of the 'stationary' turbulence. The high perturbation wave number makes the resonance easier to be triggered but weakened with respect to the extra acoustic wave. In a closed burning chamber with the acoustic wave induced by the flame itself, the high perturbation wave number is to restrain the resonance for a realistic flame.

Comparison of existing poroelastic models for wave damping in a porous seabed

Mechanism of wave-seabed interaction has been extensively studied by coastal geotechnical engineers in recent years. Numerous poro-elastic models have been proposed to investigate the mechanism of wave propagation on a seabed in the past. The existing poro-elastic models include drained model, consolidation model, Coulomb-damping model, and full dynamic model. However, to date, the difference between the existing models is unclear. In this paper, the fully dynamic poro-elastic model for the wave-seabed interaction will be derived first. Then, the existing models will be reduced from the proposed fully dynamic model. Based on the numerical comparisons, the applicable range of each model is also clarified for the engineering practice.

Analysis of Wave-Induced Effective Stresses of Seabed

波浪作用下海床的稳定性分析是海洋工程地质评价的重要内容。海床的稳定性可通过计算分析其随时间变化的有效应力场来评估。建议了一个周期载荷作用下土体的本构模型,并用于计算波浪作用下海床的应力与变形。采用Biot固结理论和有限单元法,分析了海床的动态应力场与孔隙水压力场。波浪作用下两种渗透系数时有效应力的动态变化过程结果对比,反映了渗透消散作用对海床有效应力变化的影响。

Investigation of Dynamic Fracture Toughness under Compressive-Shear Combinede Stress Wave Loading

提出亚微秒单脉冲应力波载荷作用下II型裂纹的平板冲击实验技术。加载率为dK/dt-10~8MPa·m~{”/d}·s~{-1}。实验中由锰铜应力片和弹性波理论分别测定和计算了压应力；通过微观分析确定了动态裂纹的平均扩展长度；引进等效应力强度因子,用动态断裂理论确定了60号钢的动态断裂韧性K_{Id}和K_{IId}；建立了亚微秒冲击载荷作用下确定材料动态断裂韧性的方法。

Stability and Liqueafaction Analysis of Seabed to Wave Loading

波浪作用下海床的稳定性与液化分析是海底管线、防波堤和海洋平台设计中必须仔细考虑的问题。推荐了一个循环荷载作用下土体的弹塑性实用本构模型,并给出了一种粉土的模型参数。该模型直接根据初始应力状态和循环应力的大小与作用时间计算土体的塑性应变增量,在有限元计算中不需要引入弹塑性矩阵。采用Biot理论和有限单元法,计算了粉土海床在波浪作用下的孔隙水压力和有效应力的变化过程,并对海床的稳定性和液化进行了分析。计算结果与波浪槽实验反映的规律是相符的。

Stress Wave Propagation in a Gradient Elastic Medium

The gradient elastic constitutive equation incorporating the second gradient of the strains is used to determine the monochromatic elastic plane wave propagation in a gradient infinite medium and thin rod. The equation of motion, together with the internal material length, has been derived. Various dispersion relations have been determined. We present explicit expressions for the relationship between various wave speeds, wavenumber and internal material length.

Wave-soil-pipe coupling effect on submarine pipeline on-bottom stability

Wave-soil-pipe coupling effect on the untrenched pipeline stability on sands is for the first time investigated experimentally. Tests are conducted in the U-shaped water tunnel, which generates an oscillatory how, simulating the water particle movements with periodically changing direction under the wave action. Characteristic times and phases during the instability process are revealed. Linear relationship between Froude number and non-dimensional pipe weight is obtained. Effects of initial embedment and loading history are observed. Test results between the wavesoil-pipe interaction and pipe-soil interaction under cyclic mechanical loading are compared. The mechanism is briefly discussed. For applying in the practical design, more extensive and systematic investigations are needed.

Abel Inversion of Axially-Symmetric Shock Wave Flows

Finite-fringe interferograms produced for axisymmetric shock wave flows are analyzed by Fourier transform fringe analysis and an Abel inversion method to produce density field data for the validation of numerical models. For the Abel inversion process, we use basis functions to model phase data from axially-symmetric shock wave structure. Steady and unsteady flow problems are studied, and compared with numerical simulations. Good agreement between theoretical and experimental results is obtained when one set of basis functions is used during the inversion process, but the shock front is smeared when another is used. This is because each function in the second set of basis functions is infinitely differentiable, making them poorly-suited to the modelling of a step function as is required in the representation of a shock wave.