Chronology for the EDML ice core from Dronning Maud Land, Antarctica, over the last 150 000 years

A chronology called EDML1 has been developed for the EPICA ice core from Dronning Maud Land (EDML). EDML1 is closely interlinked with EDC3, the new chronology for the EPICA ice core from Dome-C (EDC) through a stratigraphic match between EDML and EDC that consists of 322 volcanic match points over the last 128 ka. The EDC3 chronology comprises a glaciological model at EDC, which is constrained and later selectively tuned using primary dating information from EDC as well as from EDML, the latter being transferred using the tight stratigraphic link between the two cores. Finally, EDML1 was built by exporting EDC3 to EDML. For ages younger than 41 ka BP the new synchronized time scale EDML1/EDC3 is based on dated volcanic events and on a match to the Greenlandic ice core chronology GICC05 via 10Be and methane. The internal consistency between EDML1 and EDC3 is estimated to be typically ~6 years and always less than 450 years over the last 128 ka (always less than 130 years over the last 60 ka), which reflects an unprecedented synchrony of time scales. EDML1 ends at 150 ka BP (2417 m depth) because the match between EDML and EDC becomes ambiguous further down. This hints at a complex ice flow history for the deepest 350 m of the EDML ice core.

Actualización del relevamiento de suelos irrigados por el río Mendoza (Argentina)

Este trabajo actualiza un relevamiento de suelos del área regada por el río Mendoza (Argentina) cuyo muestreo edáfico -el de mayor intensidad en la zona- y sus análisis se efectuaron en 1974. Con un Sistema de Información Geográfica (SIG) se obtuvo un mapa digital operativo que fijó los límites -o unidades cartográficas- de los suelos, conociendo la precisión de las cartografías realizadas. La información básica sobre el recurso suelo servirá de base para posteriores investigaciones; por ej. su eventual degradación por el recurso hídrico utilizado. Método para establecer las unidades cartográficas del suelo: a) Recuperación digital de 2 475 datos puntuales tabulados. La tabla suministró el identificador de los mismos (id.) y la textura y salinidad de dos capas: 0-25 y 50-80 cm. b) Transferencia cartográfica de los atributos edáficos de la tabla para vincular la cartografía con la base asociada de datos. c) Definición de las unidades cartográficas y la extensión de cada atributo mediante el método de interpolación de los polígonos de Thiessen. d) Limitación de la extensión de la interpolación a una distancia máxima de 178 m, 10 ha. e) Diseño de mapas temáticos definitivos con tabulaciones cruzadas. Dichos mapas, a escala de semi-detalle, fueron previstos para planificaciones y recomendaciones de uso a nivel regional, no parcelario.

Modelización y generación de mapas del comportamiento espacial de Sporisorium reilianum ((Kühn) Langdon y Fullerton) en Estado de México, México

El presente estudio se realizó con la finalidad de modelizar la distribución espacial del carbón de la espiga del maíz causada por Sporisorium reilianum durante 2006 en el Estado de México y su visualización a través de la generación mapas de densidad. El muestreo se realizó en 100 parcelas georreferenciadas por cada localidad analizada. La incidencia de la enfermedad (porcentaje de plantas enfermas) se determinó al establecer cinco puntos parcela, en cada punto se contabilizaron 100 plantas. Se realizó el análisis geoestadístico para estimar el semivariograma experimental, una vez obtenido, se ajustó a un modelo teórico (esférico, exponencial o gaussiano) a través de los programas Variowin 2.2., su ajuste se validó a través de la validación cruzada. Posteriormente, se elaboraron mapas de agregación de la enfermedad con el método de interpolación geoestadística o krigeado. Los resultados indicaron que la enfermedad se presentó en 20 localidades de 19 municipios del Estado de México; todas las localidades presentaron un comportamiento espacial agregado de la enfermedad, 16 localidades se ajustaron al modelo esférico, dos al modelo exponencial y dos localidades se ajustaron al modelo gaussiano. En todos los modelos se lograron establecer mapas de agregación que permitirá adecuar las acciones de manejo en términos de puntos o sitios específicos.

Accumulation rates for western Dronning Maud Land from firn cores and snow pits

As a result of intensive field activities carried out by several nations over the past 15 years, a set of accumulation measurements for western Dronning Maud Land, Antarctica, was collected, based on firn-core drilling and snow-pit sampling. This new information was supplemented by earlier data taken from the literature, resulting in 111 accumulation values. Using Geographical Information Systems software, a first region-wide mean annual snow-accumulation field was derived. In order to define suitable interpolation criteria, the accumulation records were analyzed with respect to their spatial autocorrelation and statistical properties. The resulting accumulation pattern resembles well known characteristics such as a relatively wet coastal area with a sharp transition to the dry interior, but also reveals complex topographic effects. Furthermore, this work identifies new high-return shallow drilling sites by uncovering areas of insufficient sampling density.

High resolution bathymetric compilation for Potter Cove, WAP, Antarctica, with links to data in ArcGIS format

The bathymetry raster with a resolution of 5 m x 5 m was processed from unpublished single beam data from the Argentine Antarctica Institute (IAA, 2010) and multibeam data from the United Kingdom Hydrographic Office (UKHO, 2012) with a cell size of 5 m x 5 m. A coastline digitized from a satellite image (DigitalGlobe, 2014) supplemented the interpolation process. The 'Topo to Raster' tool in ArcMap 10.3 was used to merge the three data sets, while the coastline represented the 0-m-contour to the interpolation process ('contour type option').

Contusotruncana contusa abundances and morphotypes in the cretaceous mid-latitude South Atlantic

Spatial and temporal patterns in test size and shape (test conicity and spiral roundness) and absolute abundance (accumulation rate) of the planktonic foraminifer Contusotruncana contusa were studied in the South Atlantic Ocean (DSDP sites 356, 516, 525 and 527) during an interval corresponding to the last 800 kyr of the Cretaceous. The variation in absolute abundance of C. contusa was characterised by alternating periods of high and low abundance; some of these periods were traceable across the entire mid-latitude South Atlantic Ocean. While the mean spiral roundness did not show any interpretable patterns, a sudden increase of the mean test size and mean test conicity occurred between 65.3 and 65.2 Ma (based on linear interpolation within the Cretaceous part of Subchron C29R) at all sites studied, indicating a poleward migration followed by rapid withdrawal of the low-latitude C. contusa morphotypes from the mid-latitude South Atlantic Ocean. We suggest that this event was caused by a short period of surface-water warming in the southern mid-latitudes corresponding to the brief high-latitude warming event and associated faunal migrations in the Boreal and Austral realms.

Nota complementaria a "La escritura proverbial de Santillana"

Este trabajo se propone complementar el artículo de Miguel Ángel Pérez Priego, "La escritura proverbial de Santillana" (1992), en el que aborda la cuestión desde la variación estilística que significaron los Proverbios o Centiloquio en la producción poética del Marqués de Santillana. Al inscribir el poema en la categoría genérica del proverbio, Pérez Priego reconoce las características propias de la escritura proverbial en el texto de Santillana, al mismo tiempo que destaca el uso estilístico diferenciado de proverbios y refranes según los tipos de poemas que los contienen. A partir del estudio de la interpolación de paremias en sus poesías doctrinales más extensas, en composiciones líricas representativas y en textos prosísticos, podemos aportar otro aspecto distintivo del discurso proverbial del poeta: la confluencia de la tradición paremiológica medieval y de nuevos paradigmas humanistas. Esto es resultado de la vasta erudición y conocimiento de la Antigüedad clásica, así como del continuo interés por la cultura popular, que caracterizan la obra y formación del Marqués de Santillana

Nota complementaria a "La escritura proverbial de Santillana"

Este trabajo se propone complementar el artículo de Miguel Ángel Pérez Priego, "La escritura proverbial de Santillana" (1992), en el que aborda la cuestión desde la variación estilística que significaron los Proverbios o Centiloquio en la producción poética del Marqués de Santillana. Al inscribir el poema en la categoría genérica del proverbio, Pérez Priego reconoce las características propias de la escritura proverbial en el texto de Santillana, al mismo tiempo que destaca el uso estilístico diferenciado de proverbios y refranes según los tipos de poemas que los contienen. A partir del estudio de la interpolación de paremias en sus poesías doctrinales más extensas, en composiciones líricas representativas y en textos prosísticos, podemos aportar otro aspecto distintivo del discurso proverbial del poeta: la confluencia de la tradición paremiológica medieval y de nuevos paradigmas humanistas. Esto es resultado de la vasta erudición y conocimiento de la Antigüedad clásica, así como del continuo interés por la cultura popular, que caracterizan la obra y formación del Marqués de Santillana

Geochemistry of DSDP Hole 91-596

Geochemical analyses of sediments from the top 24.5 m of Deep Sea Drilling Project hole 596 (23°51.20'S, 169°39.27'W) show great variability in the composition of pelagic clays accumulated in the South Pacific since the late Cretaceous. Elemental associations indicate that most of this variability can be attributed to variations in abundances of six sediment end-member components: detrital (eolian), andesitic (volcanic), hydrothermal, hydrogenous, phosphate (fish debris), and biogenic silica. We develop a sedimentation model which is used to infer processes that might have influenced the accumulation rates of these components over the last 85 million years. The accumulation of eolian detritus in the South Pacific shows some similarities to that observed in the North Pacific and has been largely controlled by global climate trends in the Cenozoic. Much of the variation in the accumulation of other sediment components likely reflects the paleoceanographic evolution of the South Pacific. The most notable change in the sedimentary environment occurred at about the Paleogene/Neogene boundary. At that time, significant changes in the color, mineralogy, and chemistry of the sediment probably reflect major shifts in climate mode as well as oceanic circulation in the central South Pacific region.

Nota complementaria a "La escritura proverbial de Santillana"

Este trabajo se propone complementar el artículo de Miguel Ángel Pérez Priego, "La escritura proverbial de Santillana" (1992), en el que aborda la cuestión desde la variación estilística que significaron los Proverbios o Centiloquio en la producción poética del Marqués de Santillana. Al inscribir el poema en la categoría genérica del proverbio, Pérez Priego reconoce las características propias de la escritura proverbial en el texto de Santillana, al mismo tiempo que destaca el uso estilístico diferenciado de proverbios y refranes según los tipos de poemas que los contienen. A partir del estudio de la interpolación de paremias en sus poesías doctrinales más extensas, en composiciones líricas representativas y en textos prosísticos, podemos aportar otro aspecto distintivo del discurso proverbial del poeta: la confluencia de la tradición paremiológica medieval y de nuevos paradigmas humanistas. Esto es resultado de la vasta erudición y conocimiento de la Antigüedad clásica, así como del continuo interés por la cultura popular, que caracterizan la obra y formación del Marqués de Santillana

Revised geomagnetic polarity timescale for the late Oligocene to early Miocene of ODP Site 177-1090

At Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) Site 1090 (subantarctic South Atlantic), benthic foraminiferal stable isotope data (from Cibicidoides and Oridorsalis) span the late Oligocene through early Miocene (~24-16 Ma) at a temporal resolution of ~5 ky. Over the same interval, a magnetic polarity stratigraphy can be unequivocally correlated to the geomagnetic polarity time scale (GPTS), thereby providing direct correlation of the isotope record to the GPTS. In an initial age model, we use the newly derived age of the Oligocene/Miocene (O/M) boundary of 23.0 Ma of Shackleton et al. (2000, doi:10.1130/0091-7613(2000)28<447:ACAFTO>2.0.CO;2), revised to the new astronomical calculation (La2003) of Laskar et al (2004, doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2004.04.005) to recalculate the spline ages of Cande and Kent (1995, doi:10.1029/94JB03098). We then tune the Site 1090 dekta18O record to obliquity using La2003. In this manner, we are able to refine the ages of polarity chrons C7n through C5Cn.1n. The new age model is consistent, within one obliquity cycle, with previously tuned ages for polarity chrons C7n through C6Bn from Shackleton et al. (2000) when rescaled to La2003. The results from Site 1090 provide independent evidence for the revised age of the Oligocene/Miocene boundary of 23.0 Ma. For early Miocene polarity chrons C6AAr through C5Cn, our obliquity-scale age model is the first to allow a direct calibration to the GPTS. The new ages are generally within one obliquity cycle of those obtained by rescaling the Cande and Kent (1995) interpolation using the new age of the O/M boundary (23.0 Ma) and the same middle Miocene control point (14.8 Ma) used by Cande and Kent (1995).

Physical oceanography of CTD stations in the Persian Gulf

The following tables show physical and chemical data observed by the "Meteor" in the Persian Gulf and the Strait of Hormus. This study was performed in accordance with the general programme of the International Indian Ocean Expedition (IIOE) during the oeriod from March 25th until April 16th, 1965. The water temperature was measured by reversing thermometers; in most cases two instruments were used simultaneously. The absolute mean temperature difference of this double measurement is 0.0153 °C. The salinity was determined both by salinometer and by titration. In this case of the density, the specific volume anomaly, the dynamic depth anomaly, the sound velocity and the interpolation for standard depths were carried out by the National Oceanographic Data Center (NODC), Washington.

Environmental variables and multivariate seabed classification maps via k means clustering of Potter Cove, Antarctica, link to input and result files in GeoTIFF format

This study subdivides the Potter Cove, King George Island, Antarctica, into seafloor regions using multivariate statistical methods. These regions are categories used for comparing, contrasting and quantifying biogeochemical processes and biodiversity between ocean regions geographically but also regions under development within the scope of global change. The division obtained is characterized by the dominating components and interpreted in terms of ruling environmental conditions. The analysis includes in total 42 different environmental variables, interpolated based on samples taken during Australian summer seasons 2010/2011 and 2011/2012. The statistical errors of several interpolation methods (e.g. IDW, Indicator, Ordinary and Co-Kriging) with changing settings have been compared and the most reasonable method has been applied. The multivariate mathematical procedures used are regionalized classification via k means cluster analysis, canonical-correlation analysis and multidimensional scaling. Canonical-correlation analysis identifies the influencing factors in the different parts of the cove. Several methods for the identification of the optimum number of clusters have been tested and 4, 7, 10 as well as 12 were identified as reasonable numbers for clustering the Potter Cove. Especially the results of 10 and 12 clusters identify marine-influenced regions which can be clearly separated from those determined by the geological catchment area and the ones dominated by river discharge.