Trade and poverty in latin american countries: conceptual and methodological challenges

This paper addresses topics - either relevant or confusing or needing more attention - related to measuring the trade and poverty nexus. It sheds a critical light on the existing material and suggests needed research lines. It starts with questions akin to the LAC realities; then, keeping this view, general methodological issues are also examined. In a broader perspective, further ideas for the research agenda are formulated. The main conclusion is that relevant findings still demand considerable efforts. Moreover, the Information-measurement-model-evaluation paradigm is not enough, policy guidelines being usually too general. In LAC, it must be extended and deepened, accounting more for the heterogeneity of cases, including, whenever possible, the physical constraints and incorporating new ways of integrating both the local and global perspectives. Other aspects, like the role of specific juridical measures, should play a role. How all this can be combined into more encompassing evaluations remains open

A importância do marketing na conquista e fidelização de clientes de shopping center

O presente trabalho tem por objetivo identificar a importância do uso das ferramentas do marketing para a obtenção de vantagens competitivas no mercado de shopping centers, aliada às principais formas de atuação e características desejadas pelo mercado de um gerente de marketing de shopping center. o estudo teve como base perspectivas teóricas e práticas. Efetuou-se um contra-ponto entre referenciais teóricos relacionados ao tema e uma pesquisa exploratória qualitativa, desenvolvida através de entrevistas pessoais em profundidade, compostas por perguntas abertas e direcionadas a superintendentes e gerentes de marketing de dez shoppings regionais, selecionados na praça do Rio de Janeiro. No referencial teórico foram abordados temas como Administração, Marketing, Plano de Marketing, e discussões sobre as principais ferramentas de trabalho para a gerência de marketing de shopping center. Quanto ao resultado das entrevistas, foram observados itens como a experiência de varejo dos entrevistados, marketing, características e competências necessárias a um gerente de marketing, ferramentas do marketing, até itens como a importância de um posicionamento/diferencial competitivo e a visão de ambos os públicos sobre um shopping center. Dentro de um contexto de gestão de negócios a importância do marketing é ressaltada, tanto por teóricos quanto por entrevistados, sendo o público investigado unânime em identificar a relação estabelecida entre um bom trabalho de marketing e a conquista da fidelização do cliente, além da visão de ser o marketing uma verdadeira ponte para a definição de imagem buscada pelo shopping. O marketing precisa ser uma maneira de pensar que esteja presente em cada funcionário da empresa. A diferença entre marketing institucional e promocional passa, principalmente, pela dicotomia imagem do shopping e ações que envolvam promoções. Na perspectiva dinâmica atual, a função gerencial ganha novas dimensões e a compreensão do trabalho do dirigente jamais pode ser feita exclusivamente pelo estudo da decisão em si, já que seu comportamento é determinado por fatores internos e externos à organização. A vivência em diferentes áreas de atuação ou mesmo em diferentes setores do shopping é essencial ao profissional de marketing. A ela deve estar aliada a formação técnica, além de características como: criatividade, liderança, caráter, percepção, iniciativa, organização, capacidade de articulação e informação/conhecimento sobre o mercado e suas mutações. O profissional de marketing tem que ser, ao mesmo tempo, um pesquisador de mercado, um psicólogo, um sociólogo, um economista, um comunicador e um advogado. O Plano de Marketing e a Pesquisa são citados como as principais ferramentas de um gerente de marketing de shopping center. Shopping center, na visão dos entrevistados, é mais do que um centro de compras, lazer / entretenimento e serviços, é um local de busca de sonhos e aspirações das mais variadas. Este estudo pode, ainda, ter sua continuidade efetuada, enfatizando-se, por exemplo, questões que discutam as formas de otimizar os resultados do uso das ferramentas do marketing em shopping center.

Neww challenges in the luxury universe: an exploratory study of the concept of luxury experience in the Brazilian market from the perspective of brands and consumers: a case study of Pati Piva.

Luxury has evolved over the centuries; new challenges have created questions of appropriate strategies for brands. Experience and authenticity became important aspects in the field: consumers are enjoying more material comfort and there is a trend of a cultural shift for personal fulfillment and aspiration through experience. The biggest challenge for today's luxury marketers is to not only talk to the target, but to understand how the target is shifting, while not alienating consumers and damaging the brand´s image. Considering managers and consumers perspectives separately, it would be possible to conclude that their perceptions are congruent, as many studies have presented. However, if perspectives are put together and compared, different realities could emerge. This exploratory research is based on a case study that describes both perspectives of their perception on luxury experience, consumer behavior and consumption motivations, and luxury retailing. It was developed interviews with the brand owner and 10 brand´s consumers, and also indirect observations in the brands distribution formats. In the brand perspective, the case study has shown that luxury experience involves the construction of brand experience strategy based on products, multiple retail channels, consumer engagement, personal activity, exploration of five senses and other forms. In the consumer´s perspective, results revealed that brand consumers interviwed have different luxury experience perceptions and expectations; however, what is common is that service and quality must be maintained and they reflected the overall experience. Additionally, luxury retailing influences directly the consumer´s perception that must integrate multiple channels to fulfill personal demands. The research makes contributions for both actors - brand and consumer, in the sense that translates theoretical concepts of the experience itself and tries to clarify aspects that are still unknown and explored through the exploration of ways to detect the alignment between brand and consumer expectations of the experience.

Combinação social e construção de equipes: um estudo sobre os fatores relevantes para o processo de composição de equipes na educação executiva brasileira

A composição de equipes é um tema recorrente em diferentes áreas do conhecimento. O interesse pela definição das etapas e variáveis relevantes desse processo, considerado complexo, é manifestado por pesquisadores, profissionais e desenvolvedores de Sistemas de Informação (SI). Todavia, enquanto linhas teóricas, oriundas dos estudos organizacionais, buscam a consolidação de modelos matemáticos que reflitam a relação entre variáveis de composição de equipes e o seu desempenho, teorias emergentes, como a de Combinação Social, acrescentam novos elementos à discussão. Adicionalmente, variáveis específicas de cada contexto, que no caso dessa pesquisa é a educação executiva brasileira, também são mencionadas como tendo relevância para estruturação de grupos. Dado o interesse e a variedade de vertentes teóricas que abordam esse fenômeno, essa pesquisa foi proposta para descrever como ocorre a construção de equipes docentes e identificar as variáveis consideradas relevantes neste processo. Um modelo teórico inicial foi desenvolvido e aplicado. Dada a característica da questão de pesquisa, foi utilizada uma abordagem metodológica exploratório-descritiva, baseada em estudos de casos múltiplos, realizados em quatro instituições de ensino superior brasileiras, que oferecem cursos de educação executiva. A coleta e a análise de dados foi norteada pelos métodos propostos por Huberman e Miles (1983) e Yin (2010), compreendendo a utilização de um protocolo de estudo de caso, bem como o uso de tabelas e quadros, padronizados à luz do modelo teórico inicial. Os resultados desse trabalho indicam, majoritariamente, que: as teorias de Combinação Social e as teorias de Educação adicionam elementos que são relevantes ao entendimento do processo de composição de equipes; há variáveis não estruturadas que deixam de ser consideradas em documentos utilizados na avaliação e seleção de profissionais para equipes docentes; e há variáveis de composição que só são consideradas após o fim do primeiro ciclo de atividades das equipes. Com base nos achados empíricos, a aplicação do modelo teórico foi ajustada e apresentada. As contribuições adicionais, as reflexões, as limitações e as propostas de estudos futuros são apresentadas no capítulo de conclusões.

Peat humic substances enriched with nutrients for agricultural applications: Competition between nutrients and non-essential metals present in tropical soils

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Genetic similarity between staphylococcus sp isolated from human and hospital settings, and susceptibility to different antimicrobials

Foram coletadas 143 amostras de mãos de humanos e camas hospitalares, através de swabs no caldo BHI, em um hospital escola da cidade de Ribeirão Preto/SP. As amostras coletadas foram incubadas a 37ºC por 24 horas e após este período as culturas foram semeadas em placas de Petri contendo agar Staphylococcus Médium 110. As colônias típicas do gênero Staphylococcus foram colhidas e estocados a 4ºC até o momento de elaboração das provas de catalase, manitol, hemólise, DNAse e coagulase. As cepas isoladas foram analisadas através da técnica de RAPD-PCR para verificar o grau de similaridade. A sensibilidade das cepas isoladas foi testada frente a 10 diferentes antibióticos. Das 92 cepas de Staphylococcus sp isoladas, 67 (72,8%) foram identificados como Staphylococcus coagulase-negativas e 25 (27,2%) como Staphylococcus coagulase-positivas. A análise de similaridade mostrou uma grande heterogeneidade entre as cepas, entretanto foram isoladas algumas cepas com 100% de similaridade. Resistência a oxacilina foi encontrada em 39 (42%) cepas. Duas cepas de estafilococos coagulase-negativos mostraram-se resistentes a vancomicina. Onze cepas (12%) de estafilococos foram consideradas multirresistentes. Medidas de desinfecção das mãos de pessoal e dos leitos hospitalares e a racionalização do uso indiscriminado de antibióticos podem contribuir para a queda da transmissão de patógenos e diminuição da pressão de seleção, e conseqüentemente diminuindo a freqüência e letalidade das infecções nosocomiais.

A prática pedagógica de professores de alunos com transtorno de déficit de atenção/hiperativadade

This study is inserted at the Line of Strategical Research of Thinking and Knowledge production which scientific projects about the relation of thinking and knowledge production are realized. The accomplishment of this dissertation involved an empiric research at a school of the municipal district of Natal RN. Our purpose was to investigate the practice of the staff working with students who present Disabilities and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity (DADH) at regular classes due to the organization of thinking in pedagogical strategies. The object of this study is presented at the center of the questions which involves the conscious analysis of the problems and needs that emerge at the school. Considering the specialty of the theme, we choose a methodology whose focus is the dialogue and the sharing of meanings with the partners of this research through the observation of the activities developed at class/school and interviews/conversations with six teachers of first and second cycles of primary education. According with the study, some theoretician presumptions of Mr. Freire (2001), Mr. Nóvoa (1995), Mr. Bohm (2005) and son on. The results reveled at the research indicate the fragility of a continuous formation directed to the development of critical-reflexive thinking of the teachers.The teachers revel conceptions due to formation, pedagogical practices and the relation with the parents and coordinators, through their performances and speeches, allowing us to identify some pedagogical strategies used. We identified some negative response about the process of learning-developing of these pedagogical strategies such as the one we call unconcern . The strategy of sitting the student at the front row chairs can have positive and negative responses depending on the way the teacher act and follow the student. Other strategies identified as positive response bringers at the learning-developing process and that should be reinforced by the staff are the playful and the group assignments . At this perspective, the school needs to develop a collective project between the pedagogical team and teachers to overcome the needs of all students, and as a consequence, of the staff and improve the positive strategies, minimizing the negative ones and allowing the organizations of new strategies that promotes the improvement of learning-teaching process of the students with DADH

A inserção da equipe da Estratégia Saúde da Família em um Centro Municipal de Educação Infantil na promoção da saúde da criança

The joint enters the teams of the Strategy Health of Family (ESF) and the Municipal Center of Infantile education (CMEI) blunts as a form to assure the monitoring and promotion to the health of the children of 2 the 5 years when entering the day-care center environment/daily pay-school. It was traced as objective: To analyze the actions developed for the team of the Strategy Health of the Family in the promotion the health of the child, taken care of in a CMEI. Description-exploratory is to a study, qualitative nature, the type research-action. Developed in a CMEI and the USF of the quarter of New City, Natal-RN. The population was constituted by the professionals of the team of the ESF and the CMEI and parents. During the stages of the research-action diverse techniques had been used as the individually interview and in group, focal group, comment participant, and daily of field. The analysis of the data occurred by means of the content analysis, in the thematic modality, proposal for Bardin (1977) and description of the stages of the research-action. In the stage of situational diagnosis that it investigates the reality lived deeply for the citizens of ESF and CMEI how much to the health of the child seven categories had emerged that they enclosed: the context of the attention child in the CMEI identifying the actions that already came being developed for the ESF in the CMEI; the functioning of the CMEI and its routine of activities; the paper of the CMEI in the care the child; the daily one of the ESF, how much to the care to the health of the child of 2 the 5 years involving the diverse difficulties faced for the ESF; difficulties faced in daily of the CMEI for the care the child of 2 the 5 years; paper of joint ESF and CMEI for the confrontation of the difficulties; e action of health to be developed that they had subsidized the stage of planning of the research-action. During the stages of planning and implementation of the actions the actions of education in health with professionals of the CMEI and parents had been materialize and the actions of direct attention the health of the child. In the stage of evaluation of the actions for the involved citizens one searched to ahead understand the perception of the actions developed and perspective of continuity of the actions, through 4 boarded subjects for the citizens. For all the passage of the research-action it can be inferred that joint ESF and CMEI is a necessary initiative ahead of the current situation of the services of health for the promotion of an integral attention the health of the child, but that the teams of the ESF not yet make use of material conditions and staff enough to develop actions that exceed the limits of the USF, being necessary for this the reinforcement of the joints mainly with the Federal University of the Rio Grande of the North.

The Association between Skipping Breakfast and Biochemical Variables in Sedentary Obese Children and Adolescents

Objective To investigate the relationship between skipping meals and biochemical variables in obese children and adolescents.Study design The sample was composed of 174 obese children and adolescents, aged between 6 and 16 years (80 male and 94 female). Body composition was assessed by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry, fasting blood glucose, and lipid profile were measured after 12 hours fasting. The frequency of skipping breakfast, lunch, or dinner was assessed through a face-to-face interview carried out with the parents.Results The prevalence of eating breakfast daily was low in boys (47.5%) and girls (44.7%). A higher frequency of eating breakfast was negatively correlated with glucose (r = -0.16; P = .026), triglycerides (r = -0.19; P = .011), and very low density lipoprotein cholesterol (r = -0.21; P = .005). In the multivariate model, the weekly frequency of eating breakfast remained negatively associated with glucose (beta = -0.975; P = .017), triglycerides (beta = -7.792; P = .017), and very low density lipoprotein cholesterol (beta = -1.870; P = .009) independent of age, sex, trunk fatness, and parents' education.Conclusion Skipping meals, mainly breakfast, is associated with glucose and lipid levels in obese children and adolescents. (J Pediatr 2012;161:871-4).

Positronium interaction and its Bose-Einstein condensation

We present the actual state of affairs and future perspectives in the study of a quantum system of a collection of positronium (Ps) atoms. The interaction of a Ps atom with other atoms and molecules and specially with another Ps atom is described in some detail as Ps-Ps interaction should play a crucial role in the dynamics of an assembly of Ps atoms. Using a simple model-exchange potential, we could describe the available experimental results of Ps scattering reasonably well. The present scenario of the observation of Ps2 molecule, Ps Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) and the annihilation laser from a Ps BEC is presented. Possibilities of a Ps BEC formation via laser cooling of Ps atoms and via Ps formation in cavities are considered and difficulties with each procedure discussed (C) 2009 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim

Reproductive behavior and parental roles of the cichlid fish Laetacara araguaiae

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Epidemiological aspects of enteroparasitosis at daycare centers in the city of Botucatu, State of São Paulo, Brazil

Estimou-se a prevalência e a incidência de parasitas intestinais em crianças e funcionários de 5 creches municipais em Botucatu/SP. Foram realizados dois estudos seccionais em 2002 (N=379) e 2003 (N=397) e um estudo longitudinal observacional, onde as crianças de 2002 e 2003 foram seguidas por um ano. Foram aplicados questionários nos funcionários e nos pais das crianças, onde foram coletadas as seguintes variáveis: nível sócio-econômico, hábitos sanitários, moradia, idade, sexo e presença de animais domésticos. Foram realizados exames coproparasitológicos nas crianças das creches. A prevalência de enteroparasitas em 2002 foi de 76,74% e 34% em 2003. As variáveis associadas à presença de enteroparasitas no ano de 2002 foram: localização das creches (OR=0,27 IC=0,15-0,47), renda familiar (OR=4,38 IC=1,91-10,04), sexo (OR=0,52 IC=0,32-0,85), faixa etária (OR=2,08 IC=1,06-4,08) e presença de animais domésticos na casa (OR=1,85 IC=1,10-3,11); em 2003, as variáveis foram: creche localizada em bairro periférico (OR=0,49 IC=0,31-0,78), renda familiar (OR=3,69 IC=2,19-6,24), nível educacional da mãe (OR=6,19 IC=1,81-21,21), sexo (OR=0,36 IC=0,36-0,93) e presença de animais domésticos (OR=1,68 IC=1,01-2,79). A coorte foi integrada por 253 crianças apresentando incidência de 23,22%. Os dados deste estudo evidenciam situações de risco em populações específicas (creches) e poderiam ser utilizados por Instituições que promovem o cuidado com as crianças.

Symbolic power, robotting, and surveilling

Symbolic power is discussed with reference to mathematics and formal languages. Two distinctions are crucial for establishing mechanical and formal perspectives: one between appearance and reality, and one between sense and reference. These distinctions include a nomination of what to consider primary and secondary. They establish the grammatical format of a mechanical and a formal world view. Such views become imposed on the domains addressed by means of mathematics and formal languages. Through such impositions symbolic power of mathematics becomes exercised. The idea that mathematics describes as it prioritises is discussed with reference to robotting and surveillance. In general, the symbolic power of mathematics and formal languages is summarised through the observations: that mathematics treats parts and properties as autonomous, that it dismembers what it addresses and destroys the organic unity around things, and that it simplifies things and reduces them to a single feature. But, whatever forms the symbolic power may take, it cannot be evaluated along a single good-bad axis.

Experimental Basis and New Insights for Cell Therapy in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Caribbean social structures and the changing world of men

Includes bibliography