Legendagem versus dobragem na tradução e interpretação na Europa de hoje: impacto sócio-linguístico em Portugal e outros países europeus europeus

Nos dias de hoje, o Inglês é cada vez mais a lingua franca em todo o mundo. Não só os programas e os filmes nos canais que encontramos na nossa TV por cabo utilizam maioritariamente o Inglês, mas também a Internet. Mas será esse um sinal negativo para as línguas com menos expressão no mundo? Será o Português uma delas? E como é com outras línguas menos faladas no mundo do que o Português? Esta proposta pretende aflorar o impacto que a tradução pode ter na sociedade, ou seja, qual será o efeito - se positivo ou negativo - de numas sociedades se utilizar a legendagem, e noutras a dobragem de filmes, programas e/ou notícias. Tendo como base a nossa experiência pessoal em vários países, onde a legendagem ou, ao invés, a dobragem são uma constante, focaremos algumas teorias contrastantes. Discutiremos também hipóteses que justifiquem a preferência de cada povo ao escolher uma das técnicas e a influência que cada uma tem na sua própria sociedade. Será também discutida a influência da televisão no quotidiano de cada povo e a técnica utilizada na Europa no mundo televisivo ligado às crianças. A que ponto um programa para crianças deve ser legendado ou antes dobrado? Será que a criança aprenderá mais facilmente uma língua estrangeira se a ouvir, tendo a possibilidade de ler as legendas na sua língua materna? Terá ela mais facilidade em aprender a ler se os programas que ela visionar forem regularmente legendados em vez de dobrados? Ademais, convém referir nesta abordagem a importância da legendagem ou dobragem para pessoas com necessidades especiais. Será igualmente abordado o impacto da influência anglo-saxónica no dia-a-dia linguístico do indivíduo; se haverá risco para uma determinada língua começar a inter-relacionar-se com o Inglês, unicamente porque se apostou mais na dobragem do que na legendagem ou vice-versa.

Cardiopatía chagásica en pacientes de área endémica versus contagiados en forma ocasional

El objetivo del trabajo fue comparar el grado de compromiso cardíaco entre dos poblaciones de chagásicos, con residencia permanente en área endémica y con exposición ocasional al parásito y con contagio por vía no vectorial (transfusional, connatal, y otras). Los resultados mostraron que los infectados ocasionales presentan menor presencia de cardiopatía; y cuando presentan cardiopatía, tienen menor prevalencia de miocardiopatía dilatada que los infectados con residencia permanente en el área endémica. También se plantea el rol del parásito, la cantidad de infecciones, los mecanismos inmuno-patogénicos desarrollados, la calidad de vida y el tipo de tareas laborales en la diferente evolución de estos pacientes.

Qualidade de Ensino versus Qualificação Docente: binómio nem sempre impossível

O presente artigo pretende mostrar que, no cenário pré- Bolonha, em que se vivia numa época de aparente prosperidade económica, que se veio a revelar uma bolha especulativa semelhante à que teve lugar nos anos 20 do século passado, o ensino poderia considerar-se, detentor de alguma qualidade, apesar de, por vezes, continuar a seguir os cânones tradicionais expositivos do magisterdixit(Ardions 2011). A conjuntura económica obrigou a que fossem estancados projectos, pelo estrangulamento económico, afectando também as instituições de Ensino Superior. Uma tal situação conduziu ao retorno de muitos docentes de qualidade pedagógico-científica inquestionável, aos seus postos nos estabelecimentos do Ensino Secundário, perdendo, deste modo o vínculo de colaboradores. No cenário pós Bolonha esta situação ainda mais se agudizou, uma vez que o que se preconizou, em teoria, esbateu as realidades e tipicidades de cada país. Na prática, a diminuição do número de anos de ensino não conduziu a uma melhoria do ensino, (Ardions, 2011), mas esbarrou com vários problemas, cimentando diversas assimetrias e idiossincrasias que se irão detalhar, sempre a par com os cortes a nível económico. Esta conjuntura terá repercussão na gestão das instituições, fruto da perspectiva economicista que impera nos dias de hoje e que se reflecte em muitas decisões dos seus órgãos. Esta situação, bem como outras que se irão elencar, levam a uma desmotivação, a um desencanto da massa crítica que se encontra nos estabelecimentos de nível ensino, que opta por ficar passiva, sob pena de ser vista como oponente de um laxismo institucional que teima em persistir. Daí que se questionea razão de apenas se aferir, até agora,a Qualidade da Avaliação, da Certificação e da Acreditação e não a da Qualificação docente, nos diversos órgãos que têm nas suas mãos os destinos da Instituições.

Improving management skills through business simulation

A survey was conducted among students of the Accounting and Administration undergraduate degree at ISCAP – IPP (School of Accounting and Administration of Polytechnic Institute of Porto) in order to understand their perception value of their course Business Simulation (BS). This course is provided in a business environment where students can learn by doing through the management of a company as they were in the real life, but risk-free. The learning tasks are provided in an action-oriented format to maximize the learning process. Students learn by doing a set of tasks every session and have also to produce reports and presentations during the course. BS is part of the undergraduate degree of Accounting and Administration at ISCAP – IPP since the beginning of 2003. The questionnaire we used captured the students’ perception about general and specific skills and competencies considered important for managers and accountants in the real life, about the methodology used in the course, which is totally different from the traditional form, and also about the adequacy of the course included as part of the undergraduate degree. The results showed that students’ perception is highly positive and almost all of them think they improve the skills needed for a job during the course. These results are consistent with [1] Adler and Milne’s research in which the authors found that students agree with the use of action-oriented learning tasks in order to provide them the needed attitudes, skills, and knowledge. The improvement of group skills is the most important issue for students, which can be understandable as BS is the only course from the degree in Accounting and Administration they really have to work in groups.

Sistemas de caudal variável versus caudal constante em sistemas de AVAC: (água)

O principal objectivo deste trabalho foi determinar se o uso de instalações a caudal de água variável – doravante designado por CV – em sistemas de AVAC domésticos é sempre, independentemente da dimensão da mesma, uma mais-valia em termos de consumos anuais de energia eléctrica, de custos associados à aquisição e exploração do equipamento, quando comparado com um sistema convencional de caudal constante – doravante designado por CC. Começou-se por estudar uma instalação de um apartamento T3, calculando as suas cargas térmicas, determinando o perfil de carga do sistema durante o ano, dimensionando a rede hidráulica, simulando os consumos anuais dos dois sistemas e por fim fazendo uma análise do retorno do investimento feito na solução a CV. O procedimento foi repetido até que, com o aumento do número de apartamentos T3, a resposta ao consumo das bombas circuladoras e ao retorno financeiro da instalação a CV fosse positiva, sendo que o número total de fogos T3 simulados foi de dez. Conclui-se que em certas instalações a CV se obteve um consumo de energia eléctrica superior ao da instalação a CC, fruto da necessidade do uso de duas electrobombas circuladoras (uma no circuito primário e outra no secundário). Esta situação verificou-se nas instalações que comportam um número de fogos T3 igual a 4, sendo que apenas a partir de 5 fogos T3 é que os consumos anuais de uma instalação a CC são superiores aos registados com uma instalação a CV. Por outras palavras, pode concluir-se que a partir das 20 unidades ventiloconvector (com potências compreendidas entre os 0,8 kW e 2,0 kW, que correspondem, respectivamente, caudais de 137 l/h e 364 l/h) os sistemas a CV começam a ser mais vantajosos do ponto de vista energético. No que ao retorno financeiro diz respeito, conclui-se que existe retorno, num espaço compreendido entre os 4 e os 9 anos, sempre que as instalações comportem um número de fogos superior a 6, ou seja, que contenham um número de unidades ventiloconvector instaladas superior a 24.

Custo histórico versus justo valor

Oriêntador: Mestre Carlos Pedro

Desilication of MOR zeolite: Conventional versus microwave assisted heating

MOR zeolites were modified via desilication treatments with NaOH, under conventional and microwave heating. The samples were characterized by powder X-ray diffraction, (27)Al and (29)Si NMR spectroscopy. TEM and N(2) adsorption at -196 degrees C. The acidity of the samples and the space available inside the pores were evaluated through a catalytic model reaction, the isomerization of m-xylene, for which the profiles of the coke thermal decomposition were also analyzed. Powder X-ray diffraction and (29)Si and (27)Al MNR results show that in comparison with conventional heating, microwave irradiation (a less time consuming process) leads to identical amount of Si extraction from the zeolite framework. With this treatment. in addition to the customary mesopores development promoted by conventional heating, a partial conversion of the zeolite microporosity into larger micropores, is observed. The microwave irradiated and conventionally heated samples show different catalytic behavior in the m-xylene isomerization model reaction. It was observed that, by controlling the experimental conditions, it is possible to obtain samples with catalytic properties closer to the parent material, which is also confirmed by the respective coke analysis. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

MASGriP – a Multi-Agent Smart Grid Simulation Platform

The increasing number of players that operate in power systems leads to a more complex management. In this paper a new multi-agent platform is proposed, which simulates the real operation of power system players. MASGriP – A Multi-Agent Smart Grid Simulation Platform is presented. Several consumer and producer agents are implemented and simulated, considering real characteristics and different goals and actuation strategies. Aggregator entities, such as Virtual Power Players and Curtailment Service Providers are also included. The integration of MASGriP agents in MASCEM (Multi-Agent System for Competitive Electricity Markets) simulator allows the simulation of technical and economical activities of several players. An energy resources management architecture used in microgrids is also explained.

A simulation tool for demand response programs implementation

The design and development of simulation models and tools for Demand Response (DR) programs are becoming more and more important for adequately taking the maximum advantages of DR programs use. Moreover, a more active consumers’ participation in DR programs can help improving the system reliability and decrease or defer the required investments. DemSi, a DR simulator, designed and implemented by the authors of this paper, allows studying DR actions and schemes in distribution networks. It undertakes the technical validation of the solution using realistic network simulation based on PSCAD. DemSi considers the players involved in DR actions, and the results can be analyzed from each specific player point of view.

Multi-agent simulation of continental, regional, and micro electricity markets

Renewable based power generation has significantly increased over the last years. However, this process has evolved separately from electricity markets, leading to an inadequacy of the present market models to cope with huge quantities of renewable energy resources, and to take full advantage of the presently existing and the increasing envisaged renewable based and distributed energy resources. This paper proposes the modelling of electricity markets at several levels (continental, regional and micro), taking into account the specific characteristics of the players and resources involved in each level and ensuring that the proposed models accommodate adequate business models able to support the contribution of all the resources in the system, from the largest to the smaller ones. The proposed market models are integrated in MASCEM (Multi- Agent Simulator of Competitive Electricity Markets), using the multi agent approach advantages for overcoming the current inadequacy and significant limitations of the presently existing electricity market simulators to deal with the complex electricity market models that must be adopted.

Agent-based simulation of electronic marketplaces with decision support

This paper presents a Multi-Agent Market simulator designed for analyzing agent market strategies based on a complete understanding of buyer and seller behaviors, preference models and pricing algorithms, considering user risk preferences and game theory for scenario analysis. The system includes agents that are capable of improving their performance with their own experience, by adapting to the market conditions, and capable of considering other agents reactions.

An integrated approach for distributed energy resource short term scheduling in smart grids considering realistic power system simulation

The large increase of distributed energy resources, including distributed generation, storage systems and demand response, especially in distribution networks, makes the management of the available resources a more complex and crucial process. With wind based generation gaining relevance, in terms of the generation mix, the fact that wind forecasting accuracy rapidly drops with the increase of the forecast anticipation time requires to undertake short-term and very short-term re-scheduling so the final implemented solution enables the lowest possible operation costs. This paper proposes a methodology for energy resource scheduling in smart grids, considering day ahead, hour ahead and five minutes ahead scheduling. The short-term scheduling, undertaken five minutes ahead, takes advantage of the high accuracy of the very-short term wind forecasting providing the user with more efficient scheduling solutions. The proposed method uses a Genetic Algorithm based approach for optimization that is able to cope with the hard execution time constraint of short-term scheduling. Realistic power system simulation, based on PSCAD , is used to validate the obtained solutions. The paper includes a case study with a 33 bus distribution network with high penetration of distributed energy resources implemented in PSCAD .

Electricity Markets Simulation: MASCEM Contributions to the Challenging Reality

Electricity Markets are not only a new reality but an evolving one as the involved players and rules change at a relatively high rate. Multi-agent simulation combined with Artificial Intelligence techniques may result in sophisticated tools very helpful under this context. Some simulation tools have already been developed, some of them very interesting. However, at the present state it is important to go a step forward in Electricity Markets simulators as this is crucial for facing changes in Power Systems. This paper explains the context and needs of electricity market simulation, describing the most important characteristics of available simulators. We present our work concerning MASCEM simulator, presenting its features as well as the improvements being made to accomplish the change and challenging reality of Electricity Markets.

Multi-agent electricity market simulation with dynamic strategies & virtual power producers

Distributed energy resources will provide a significant amount of the electricity generation and will be a normal profitable business. In the new decentralized grid, customers will be among the many decentralized players and may even help to co-produce the required energy services such as demand-side management and load shedding. So, they will gain the opportunity to be more active market players. The aggregation of DG plants gives place to a new concept: the Virtual Power Producer (VPP). VPPs can reinforce the importance of these generation technologies making them valuable in electricity markets. In this paper we propose the improvement of MASCEM, a multi-agent simulation tool to study negotiations in electricity spot markets based on different market mechanisms and behavior strategies, in order to take account of decentralized players such as VPP.

Energy and ancillary services joint market simulation

In order to develop a flexible simulator, a variety of models for Ancillary Services (AS) negotiation has been implemented in MASCEM – a multi-agent system competitive electricity markets simulator. In some of these models, the energy and the AS are addressed simultaneously while in other models they are addressed separately. This paper presents an energy and ancillary services joint market simulation. This paper proposes a deterministic approach for solving the energy and ancillary services joint market. A case study based on the dispatch of Regulation Down, Regulation Up, Spinning Reserve, and Non-Spinning Reserve services is used to demonstrate that the use of the developed methodology is suitable for solving this kind of optimization problem. The presented case study is based on CAISO real AS market data considers fifteen bids.