797 resultados para saltos aquáticos
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Aquatic ecosystems are suffering many impacts caused by human activities resulting from the activities occurring around them. With technological progress observed in recent years, this environment has received large amounts of chemicals from industries, agriculture and urban area that affect the aquatic biota. Among these sources of contamination, the oil industry has contributed to the pollution of aquatic environments with both effluents as produced water well as oil spills and their derivatives having toxicity to various organisms. With all the environmental issues has increased concern about water quality and has been used ecotoxicological tests with aquatic organisms to ecosystems to assess the toxicity of chemicals present in the water. In this context the microcrustacea Daphnia similis stands out as a freshwater organism very representative of the aquatic fauna of rivers and high sensitivity to environmental impacts. Thus, the present study aimed to evaluate the lethal toxicity of crude oil and produced water on this microcrustacea. The results showed that the microcrustacea presented high sensitivity to contaminants primarily crude oil. There was also the influence of environmental variables pH and temperature on the survival of organisms
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As atividades humanas vêm causando grandes pressões nos ecossistemas aquáticos continentais e nos organismos que ai vivem, sendo os peixes o grupo mais afetado. Para compreender o grau de impacto sofrido por uma comunidade é necessário conhecer como esta se encontra estruturada. Este estudo foi organizado em dois capítulos: 1) dedicado a compreender aspectos relacionados à comunidade de peixes da represa de Barra Bonita; 2) análise sobre a estrutura genética do curimba (P. lineatus) no rio Tietê, em diversos segmentos antes e depois das barragens. A estrutura da comunidade de peixes reflete a integridade ecológica do ecossistema, uma vez que diversos comportamentos dependem de determinadas condições ambientais. Por se tratar de um ambiente modificado e exposto a diversos agentes impactantes, estudos sobre a comunidade de peixes na represa de Barra Bonita (rio Tietê) se tornam essenciais para verificar as condições ambientais, auxiliando na gestão deste ecossistema. Para uma análise mais profunda das condições ambientais deste ecossistema, foi realizada também uma análise genética da população do curimba (Prochilodus lineatus), uma vez que o conhecimento da estrutura populacional é fundamental para auxiliar no manejo e conservação das populações de peixes nativos. Os resultados das análises populacionais mostraram que a comunidade de peixes encontrada é típica de ambientes represados, sendo formada por uma maioria de espécies de pequeno e médio porte, do tipo restrategistas, com desova parcelada, sedentárias e que apresentam uma alta plasticidade trófica. No entanto, a presença de espécies com algum grau de ameaça mostra que a região ainda mantém espécies sensíveis mantidas provavelmente pelos tributário que deságuam no rio Tietê. Mesmo a comunidade sendo formada por uma maioria de espécies autóctones, a presença de espécies não nativas nos faz pensar sobre a falta de valorização e conhecimento...
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It is known that there is a wide variety of bioavailable trace metals in aquatic systems, and its determination is fundamental to predict impacts to organisms in these environments. However, the determination of the total concentration of chemicals in aquatic systems, despite its importance, does not provide necessary information for decision making or even may lead to misinterpretation of the procedures and potential risks to the system in question. This study aimed to use the technique of diffusion in thin films by concentration gradients (DGT) to evaluate the anion exchange membrane Whatman DE 81 as binder alternative in determining Cr (VI). Experiments were carried out to determine the diffusion coefficients for the material used diffusion (agarose gel). The behaviors of the binders were analyzed before the main variables of the systems, immersion time, pH and ionic strength. Then was made the assessment of potential interferences, to finally proceed with testing using actual samples in the laboratory and in situ
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Surface water quality models have been developed since 1925, when Streeter e Phelps created first order equations that represent the balance between DO and BOD. Since then, and specially after the ‘60s, new computational technologies evolved, making it possible to create more complex models, which try to represent, through mathematics, natural phenomena like eutrophication and rivers self-depuration. As main objective of such models is the understanding of aquatic systems and the relationship between them and the environment, so that it can support decision makers in creating water manage plans and in elaborating environmental projects of such resources. Regarding to that, it is of crucial importance the understanding of the models structures, so that one can choose the most appropriate model for the river in question. While one-dimensional models like QUAL2K are more appropriate for long and narrow rivers, bi- or tridimensional models (CE-QUAL-W2, WASP and CEQUAL- ICM) are more commonly used in wide and slower rivers, with higher lateral and/or vertical mixes rates. Besides, the more complex is the river studied more complex the model should be, which demands more costs and time for the model to be applied
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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
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The species Pimelodus maculatus is one of the most abundant fish in many artificial reservoirs. Shows feeding plasticity and exploits all trophic levels in aquatic ecosystems. This study aimed to analyze and compare aspects of the diet of P. maculatus in two important tributaries (Taquari and Veados rivers) in the upper Paranapanema River system, and also investigate possible differences in the condition factor using its feeding habit as reference. Samplings were carried out every three months during 2011 and 2012 in two tributaries of Jurumirim's dam. After biometric analysis, fish were dissected to remove the stomachs that were fixed in formaldehyde 10% and conserved in alcohol 70%. The stomach content was analyzed under stereomicroscope and the food items were identified until the least possible taxonomic level. The diet was characterized based on the Alimentary Index (IAi). Feeding strategy and aspects of species autoecology were evaluated by the relation between abundance of prey-specific (Pi) and occurrence frequency (Fo) of the prey, and also was calculated the niche width of Levin (B). The condition factor was also established and values obtained in samples of both rivers were compared, correlating them with diet of the species
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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)
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Pós-graduação em Biotecnologia Animal - FMVZ