Reação de laranjeiras-doces quanto à resistência a Guignardia citricarpa

O objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar o comportamento de variedades de laranjas-doces quanto à resistência a Guignardia citricarpa, agente causal da mancha preta dos citros (MPC). Os ensaios foram conduzidos em dois campos, nos municípios de Rincão e Tambaú, SP. As mudas foram formadas em viveiro localizado na Estação Experimental de Citricultura de Bebedouro-SP. Para tal, foram utilizadas borbulhas de plantas cítricas existentes no Banco Ativo de Germoplasma de Citros da Estação Experimental de Citricultura de Bebedouro (EECB), Bebedouro-SP. Avaliou-se a severidade da doença por meio de escala de notas, de zero (ausência de sintomas) a seis (sintomas severos). A partir de tais dados, foi calculado o valor do índice de doença (ID). em 2007, no experimento de Rincão, dentre as 65 variedades avaliadas, apenas 59 produziram frutos, sendo constatada ausência de sintomas da doença em Castellana, Maçã e Olivelands. Nas demais variedades, os níveis de severidade variaram de 0,35 para Grada a 3,0 para China SRA-547. Para Tambaú, os valores de severidade variaram de 0,40 para a variedade Cadenera a 2,46 para Pera. No ano de 2008, em Rincão, todas as variedades mostraram-se suscetíveis. Os níveis de severidade verificados variaram de 0,18 para a variedade Belladona, e 3,92 para Vera 97. em Tambaú, somente a variedade Navelina não apresentou sintomas da MPC. Foi observado que, dentre as plantas que frutificaram, e com exceção daquelas cujos frutos mostraram-se assintomáticos, os valores de severidade variaram de 0,11 para a variedade Tua Mamede a 3,57 para Amares.

Morphological, behavioral and biological aspects of Azya luteipes Mulsant fed on Coccus viridis (Green)

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Reproductive indices in natural nests of giant Amazon river turtles Podocnemis expansa (Schweigger, 1812) (Testudines, Podocnemididae) in the Environmental Protection Area Meanders of the Araguaia river

Realizou-se a contagem dos ovos não eclodidos, dos filhotes vivos e mortos de Podocnemis expansa oriundos de 327 ninhos naturais, localizados nas praias da Área de Proteção Ambiental (APA) - Meandros do Rio Araguaia, onde se determinou a porcentagem de eclosão dos ovos (94,63%); não eclosão (5,37%); sobrevivência (94,24%) e mortalidade dos filhotes (5,76%), e a média de filhotes mortos durante os 15 dias no berçário (0,97%). A média do total de filhotes por ninho foi determinada pela soma do número de filhotes vivos e mortos divididos pelo total de ninhos, enquanto que a média do total de ovos por ninho foi determinada pela soma do número de filhotes vivos, mortos e ovos não eclodidos divididos pelo total de ninhos. Com isso, obtiveram-se os valores médios do número de filhotes vivos (88,98 ± 23,94); mortos (0,37 ± 0,93); ovos não eclodidos (5,07 ± 9,57), e total de ovos (94,42 ± 21,30). A eficiência reprodutiva da população selvagem de P. expansa pode ser afetada por muitos fatores ambientais, como temperatura, umidade e precipitação. Além disso, fatores influenciados pelo homem, como a presença de produtos químicos na água e a possibilidade de doenças infecciosas, também têm impacto significativo. Os dados dos índices reprodutivos obtidos neste estudo são indispensáveis para futuras investigações de anomalias de incubação.

Habitus, representações sociais e a construção do ser professora da educação infantil da cidade de Campina Grande - PB

We present here the results of a study whose objectives were to identify the social representation of being a professor of early childhood education in Campina Grande - PB, in the public state and municipal levels, and detect structural diagrams of a possible mental habitus of professorial faculty of education child, which would form the basis for the construction of this representation. As a theoretical base, we adopted the model developed by Domingos Sobrinho (1998, 2000, 2003, 2010, 2011), which articulates the Theory of Social Representations, Serge Moscovici, and the foundations and concepts of Pierre Bourdieu praxiology. It is based also on the Central Nucleus Theory, which focuses on the structural approach of social representations. Thus, puts in evidence the relational dynamics and symbolic, through which individuals come into contact, describe, understand and reproduce the outside world in his image and likeness. 199 teachers participated in the study of child care and pre-schools of Campina Grande - PB and 109 of the state. The methods and techniques used were: a) participant observation of everyday life of teachers of kindergartens and preschools, b) semi-structured interview, c) free associations of words with inducing the expression 'being a professor of early childhood education is ...' and d) semi-structured questionnaire. The data were analyzed in the case of interviews through the categorical content analysis, as proposed by Bauer (2010); free-associations, using the software Ensemble L'Analyse des Programmes Permettant evocations (EVOC), developed by Vergès (2002), which combines frequency and average order of recall (or association) and the questionnaire data, the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS). It was verified the existence of a unique social representation shared by the population studied, but its content is structured differently. For local teachers, the centrality of the content is given by the elements commitment, dedication, responsibility, and rewarding teachers for this state revolves around the elements of love, patience, and rewarding responsibility. However, it is constructed mainly based on the related produced by a religious habitus and maternal habitus, which are part of the genesis of the establishment of professorial habitus in focus, among other cultural references of secondary influence. We conclude that a teacher of early childhood education actually researched, is materialized in the practices of educating and caring, in a clear fusion of the role of teacher and mother

A rotina de crianças de zero a dois anos na educação infantil e as especificidades infantis

In current upbringing production, children are often conceived as rightful subjects, and concrete and singular people, marked by specificities that schools must respect, mainly their personal wholeness, their care and attention needs, as well as their abilities to learn and produce culture. In the educational practices frame, routine is considered to have a definitive roll in time, space and activities structuring, as with actions and relations of subjects involved. In that perspective, this research aims to analyze routines of zero to two years old children in the upbringing context, relating to their childish specificities. Anchored in the qualitative approach, a Case Study was developed, according the procedures of daily routine observation and semi-structured interviews with six nursery teachers of CMEI Centro Municipal de Educação Infantil, Natal-RN, the research field. The data analysis was based in Speech Analysis principles. The teachers utterances regarding routine and it s roll in the frame revealed significances related to control/regulation of actions theirs and students aiming to streamline tasks; learning relative to routine itself, time and school practices. Thus, prospects of discipline and exercise of power of teachers over students surges, reducing their possibilities to participate. These conceptions reflect the daily routine of the kids and their teachers. By analyzing the methods of routine operation in the time/space/activities frame of CMEI, it was possible to perceive its homogenization of actions and rhythms, not only of the group s children, but the whole institution, which creates, many times, a controlling character that contains/prevents children s initiative. However, it was also possible to observe that in routine recesses, when it s relaxed, and other spaces, times and actions are provided, kids have the opportunity to experience and create different ways of action and relation with time, materials, other kids and teachers, being, as such, respected their specificities. We highlight the importance of reflections regarding routine in upbringing context, as to comprehend it s functions and the need for it s construction to take a multiple character that respects the plurality of situations and singularities of children as persons

Avaliação da dor pós-operatória: análise em pacientes submetidos a cirurgias abdominais em um hospital universitário de Natal/RN

It is an exploratory and descriptive study made by a quantitative approach, developed among February and May 2010, aiming to assess the pain of patients underwent abdominal surgeries in a University Hospital, in Natal/RN; to identify the local and intensity of the pain based on Numerical Estimative Scale; to analyze the pain related to the sensorial-discriminative, motivational-affective and cognitive-assessment dimensions, using the McGill Questionnaire pain; to establish a relation between the pain process and age, gender, religion, and king of surgery; to identify the medicines efficiency used to control postoperative pain. The sample was composed by 253 patients underwent abdominal surgeries. The results showed a total of 63.63% females between 38 and 47 years of age (21.34%); illiterates (21.73%); married (64.03%), living in Natal and surroundings (67.97%) and Catholics (74.30%). In their first assessment, 84.19% showed postoperative pain; the pain was considered light in 18.97% of them, moderate in 21.74% and severe in 43.48%. The mean number of descriptors chosen through the McGill Questionnaire Pain was 10.78 (DP= 6.09) and pain rating 23.65 (DP= 15.93). The descriptors selected with higher frequency were: sickening pain (69.01%), tired (65.25%), thin (62.44%), bored (58.69%), ardor (46.48%), pointed (38.50%) and colic (35.21%). In their second assessment, 57.71% of patients didn t relate any postoperative pain and 42.29% were still complaining about the pain. After taking analgesic medication, just 41.90% of patients who had complete pain relief. The Pharmacological groups most used were: simple analgesic (37.86%), weak opioids (32.98%), AINES (19.85%) and strong opioid (9.31%). It was not found a significant postoperative pain variation related to the sexes, religion and kind of surgery. It was concluded there were a high level in the number of patients with postoperative pain, mainly in a severe scale. Less than half of patients had the pain relief. Then, it was observed there was not coherence between the pain intensity and the analgesic it was used. To solve or relieve this kind of problems is necessary a permanent education to the health professionals who works in this area

Acidentes de Trabalho : análise em profissionais de enfermagem que atuam nas unidades de terapia intensiva e urgência Natal/RN

It is a descriptive-exploratory research, with a quantitative approach, aiming to characterize typical occupational accident suffered by the professionals from nursery group, in the Intensive Care Units and Emergency in a hospital in Natal-RN, trying to identify the factors that contribute to those accidents; to identify some information taken by those professionals related to the accident risks; to know the procedures taken after each accident. This sample is composed by 176 professionals that are 44 nurses and 132 nursing technicians/auxiliaries, collected from March to April 2010. The results related to the personal characterization of the nursery group showed that 31 (18.61%) are between the 36-40 years of age; 148 (84.09%) females and 96 (55.68%) had finished High School. Related to the professional characterization, 53 (30.11%) are nurses, and 123 (69.88%) nursing technicians and auxiliaries; 44 (25.00%) are working as nurses, and 132 (75.00%) as nursing technicians and auxiliaries; 45 (25.56%) are working in the nursery area between 15 to 20 years and 11 months; 53 (30.11%) are in this institution between 10 to 14 years and 11 months; 79 (44.88%) work in the ICU; 55 (31.25%) are working in this area from 1 to 4 years and 11 months; 110 (62.50%) like to work in this area; 161 (91.47%) work 30 to 40 hours per week; 90 (51,13%) have another employment. Related to knowledge about typical occupational accident, 167 (94.88%) said they know about it; 96 (54.54%) know the accident rules; 103 (58.52%) think it is important to talk about this subject in the nursery courses; 92 (52.27%) said this subject is important to be discussed in the work and 372 (87.73%) think education is necessary to reduce accident. Related to the data about accidents, 104 (59.09%) have suffered typical occupational accident, among them 69 (39.20%) have suffered it once; 47 (36.19%) did not register any accident; 60 (57.69%) were caring some patient during the accident; 47 (45.19%) of them occurred in the ICU; 50 (48.07%) professionals were working during the night period; 69 (66.34%) have suffered perforation; 86 (82.69%) had upper limbs affected; 64 (61.53%) were affected by needle; about the reason of the accident, 89 (60.54%) said it occurred due to carelessness. Related to the accident evolution, 88 (85.57%) did not need to remain off work after accident; 13 (81.25%) remained off work during 15 days; 87 (83.65%) had no sequelae and for 101 (97.11%) it was not necessary rehabilitation. We conclude that typical occupational accident can occur with young workers who admit a knowledge about the subject, however they do almost nothing to prevent it. We believe this research has contributed to the characterization of this kind of accident suffered by the nursery group of a public hospital in Natal, and it can stimulate the creation and reformulation of personal protection against typical occupational accident suffered by nursery professionals

Superação da dormência em sementes de Caesalpinia pyramidalis Tul

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Profundidades de semeadura para emergência de plântulas de juazeiro

Juazeiro (Zizyphus joazeiro Mart.) é uma árvore brasileira típica dos sertões nordestinos. Endêmica da Caatinga, ela ocorre nos diversos Estados do Nordeste do Brasil e apresenta grande potencial econômico e é importante para a região semi-árida. Assim, este estudo teve como objetivo determinar a melhor profundidade de semeadura para a emergência de plântulas de Zizyphus joazeiro. O experimento foi realizado em casa-de-vegetação, tendo como substrato areia lavada e esterilizada contida em bandejas de plástico, com 4 repetições de 25 unidades de dispersão cada uma, nas seguintes profundidades (um, dois, três, quatro e cinco centímetros). A semeadura de juazeiro em ambiente protegido deve ser feita na profundidade entre 1,0 e 1,6cm, resultando em elevado aproveitamento das unidades de dispersão. A profundidade de 1cm resultou em menor tempo para a germinação total.

Adubação com nitrogênio e potássio em mudas de goiabeira em viveiro comercial

The fertilization takes key role at the production of fruit seedlings in order to ensure a good development and early production. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of nitrogen and potassium on the growth of guava seedlings. Herbaceous stakes of guava, Paluma cultivar, were rooted in a mist room, in polyethylene bags containing substrate. The experiment was conducted in a commercial nursery, in randomized blocks and a factorial scheme 4x4, with four doses of nitrogen (0, 552, 828 and 1104 mg dm(-3)) and four doses of potassium (0, 726, 1,089 and 1,452 mg dm(-3)) in three replications and three plants for parcel. During the filling of the bags (1,5 dm(-3)), were added 100 mg dm(-3) of superphosphate, while fertilizers containing nitrogen and potassium were split into three times. After 120 days, the seedlings were evaluated. There was a significant effect of nitrogen in the variables height, stem diameter, number of leaves, SPAD index, dry weight of leaves, stems, total, Dickson quality index, and nitrogen accumulation. The fertilization with potassium did not influence the biometric parameters, SPAD index and Dickson quality index.

Detecção de polimorfismo em porta-enxertos para citros

Objetivando a verificação da existência de plântulas originadas de embrião zigótico em viveiros comerciais de mudas cítricas, realizou-se o presente trabalho, utilizando a técnica de fAFLP e quatro espécies de porta-enxertos para citros. Verificou-se uma base genética estreita entre as espécies testadas, além de grande variabilidade entre os materiais, independentemente do viveiro em que foram coletados, o que permite concluir que a seleção visual, comumente realizada nos viveiros, é ineficiente.

Aspectos morfológicos de folhas na diferenciação de variedades de carambola

Em certas espécies vegetais, a distinção entre variedades pode ser realizada com base em aspectos morfológicos das folhas, o que permite a diferenciação mesmo quando não apresentam flores e/ou frutos. O presente trabalho foi realizado objetivando a distinção entre variedades de caramboleira (Averrhoa carambola L.) através de aspectos foliares. Foram avaliadas quatro variedades de caramboleira: Arkin, B-10, Golden Star e Hart, com quatro repetições de 10 folhas cada. Pelos resultados obtidos no presente trabalho, conclui-se que há diferenças morfológicas foliares entre as variedades de caramboleira, permitindo a sua distinção, especialmente em condições de viveiro.

Efeito do sombreamento e do substrato sobre a germinação e o crescimento de plântulas de Acacia mangium e Acacia mearnsii

The speed and uniform germination of seeds, followed by the prompt seedling emergence, are highly desirable characteristics in seedling production. Studies aiming to enable the use of organic waste such as sewage sludge and pine bark in the supply chain represent a current demand. The aim of this study was to identify conditions of shading and substrate which are more favorable to the process of seed germination and seedling growth of Acacia mangium and Acacia mearnsii. After overcoming dormancy in hot water, the seeds were sown in three substrates: substrate plantmax commercial forest (control), pine bark and pine bark mixed with biosolids (1:1). The tubes were placed in a tree nursery under three shading conditions: 50%, 30% and 0% (full sun). The evaluated parameters were: speed and germination percentage (daily until 30 days) and shoot length of seedlings (weekly from 75 to 150 days). The experiment was a completely randomized design with treatments in a factorial 3 x 3 and the results were submitted to regression analysis. The highest germination was obtained in the sowing of Acacia mangium in pine bark at 30% shading and commercial substrate at 30 and 50% shading for Acacia mearnsii in pine bark under 50% shading or commercial substrate in full sun. For both species, seedlings grew faster and reached larger size in the final substrate of pine bark with biosolids and in any condition of shading (30 e 50 %) and full sun, anticipating the production of seedlings.

Avaliação de doses e produtos corretores da acidez em variáveis biométricas na produção de mudas de maracujazeiro

A utilização de produtos corretores da acidez do solo e a crescente busca por novos insumos agrícolas são de suma importância para uma agricultura sustentável e ecologicamente viável. O presente trabalho foi conduzido no viveiro de mudas do Setor de Fruticultura da Universidade Federal de Lavras (UFLA), Lavras, Estado de Minas Gerais. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi blocos casualizados em esquema fatorial 3 x 4, sendo três produtos, quatro doses e três repetições, as doses foram calculadas de modo que se atingisse a saturação estabelecida, de acordo com a concentração de cada produto. As doses foram: zero, metade, completa e o dobro da dose recomendada. A incubação foi realizada para o silício e calcário, e o Lithothamnium, pela liberação rápida, foi apenas incorporado ao solo. As características avaliadas foram: crescimento da parte aérea (mm), tamanho do sistema radicular (mm), número de folhas, matéria seca da parte aérea (mg), matéria seca da raiz (mg) e matéria seca total (mg). Os três produtos em questão proporcionaram mudas de qualidade, sendo a dose de 1,4 vezes a recomendada, a melhor para formação de mudas de maracujazeiro.

Uso de aditivos em rações para suínos nas fases de creche, crescimento e terminação

Este trabalho foi conduzido com o objetivo de verificar o efeito da adição de antibiótico, probiótico, prebiótico e gluconato de sódio para suínos no período de 28 a 142 dias de idade, correspondente às fases de creche, crescimento e terminação. Foram utilizados 168 leitões desmamados aos 21 dias de idade, distribuídos em delineamento inteiramente casualizado em 42 baias com quatro suínos machos castrados em cada unidade experimental, com seis repetições e sete dietas: ração basal (controle negativo); ração basal + antibiótico; ração basal + probiótico; ração basal + prebiótico; ração basal + probiótico + prebiótico (simbiótico); ração basal + gluconato de sódio; ração basal + gluconato de sódio + probiótico. O desempenho dos animais diferiu entre as dietas e foi melhor nos animais que receberam ração com aditivos no período de 28 a 142 dias de idade. Entre os aditivos, o simbiótico foi mais eficiente, pois promoveu os melhores resultados de ganho de peso e conversão alimentar. do mesmo modo, a adição de gluconato de sódio + probiótico, prebiótico e probiótico nas rações foi mais eficiente que a adição de antibiótico. A utilização dos aditivos avaliados em substituição ao antibiótico não compromete as características de carcaça e a morfometria intestinal. A associação do probiótico e prebiótico (simbiótico) estudados melhora o desempenho dos suínos nas fases de creche, crescimento e terminação.