A comparative study of immigrants’ political participation in Sweden and the Netherlands

This study deals with immigrants’ political participation in Sweden and the Netherlands. Scholars have recognized low level of political participation of immigrants in Sweden compared to the Netherlands. The main goal of this study is to analyze the institutional influence, mainly from political parties over immigrants’ motivation for active electoral participation. The modified actor-context model uses here as the main theoretical framework. In addition, social capital theory employs to analyze immigrants’ voluntary organizational membership. This study confirms that, Swedish immigrants have the lower participation rate in the political sphere, at lest to a certain extent, than its counterparts the Dutch immigrants. This study also confirms the argument that contextual factors can influence actor’s motivations in integration-oriented action, and similarly it validates the necessity of enlargement of the actor-context model.

ANFIS BASED MODELS FOR ACCESSING QUALITY OF WIKIPEDIA ARTICLES

Wikipedia is a free, web-based, collaborative, multilingual encyclopedia project supported by the non-profit Wikimedia Foundation. Due to the free nature of Wikipedia and allowing open access to everyone to edit articles the quality of articles may be affected. As all people don’t have equal level of knowledge and also different people have different opinions about a topic so there may be difference between the contributions made by different authors. To overcome this situation it is very important to classify the articles so that the articles of good quality can be separated from the poor quality articles and should be removed from the database. The aim of this study is to classify the articles of Wikipedia into two classes class 0 (poor quality) and class 1(good quality) using the Adaptive Neuro Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) and data mining techniques. Two ANFIS are built using the Fuzzy Logic Toolbox [1] available in Matlab. The first ANFIS is based on the rules obtained from J48 classifier in WEKA while the other one was built by using the expert’s knowledge. The data used for this research work contains 226 article’s records taken from the German version of Wikipedia. The dataset consists of 19 inputs and one output. The data was preprocessed to remove any similar attributes. The input variables are related to the editors, contributors, length of articles and the lifecycle of articles. In the end analysis of different methods implemented in this research is made to analyze the performance of each classification method used.

Euroland - The effect of Euro on international trade : Are there winners and losers in this ''Euro-game''?

This paper examines whether European Monetary Union (EMU) countries share fairly the effect of their membership in Eurozone (EZ) or whether are winners and losers in this ''Euro-game''. By using panel data of 27 European Union (EU) Member States for the period 2001-2012 in the context of a gravity model, we focus on estimating the Euro’s effect on bilateral trade and we detect whether this effect differs across the Member States of EZ. Two estimation methods are applied: Pooled OLS estimator and Fixed Effects estimator. The empirical results come to the conclusion that the individual country effects differ and are statistically significant, indicating that EMU’s effect on trade differs across the Member States of EZ. The overall effect of the Euro is statistically insignificant, regardless the estimation method, demonstrating that the common European currency may have no effect on bilateral trade.

Intelligent Algorithms for a Hybrid FuelCell/Photovoltaic Standalone System : Simulation Of Hybrid FuelCell/Photovoltaic Standalone System

The Intelligent Algorithm is designed for theusing a Battery source. The main function is to automate the Hybrid System through anintelligent Algorithm so that it takes the decision according to the environmental conditionsfor utilizing the Photovoltaic/Solar Energy and in the absence of this, Fuel Cell energy isused. To enhance the performance of the Fuel Cell and Photovoltaic Cell we used batterybank which acts like a buffer and supply the current continuous to the load. To develop the main System whlogic based controller was used. Fuzzy Logic based controller used to develop this system,because they are chosen to be feasible for both controlling the decision process and predictingthe availability of the available energy on the basis of current Photovoltaic and Battery conditions. The Intelligent Algorithm is designed to optimize the performance of the system and to selectthe best available energy source(s) in regard of the input parameters. The enhance function of these Intelligent Controller is to predict the use of available energy resources and turn on thatparticular source for efficient energy utilization. A fuzzy controller was chosen to take thedecisions for the efficient energy utilization from the given resources. The fuzzy logic basedcontroller is designed in the Matlab-Simulink environment. Initially, the fuzzy based ruleswere built. Then MATLAB based simulation system was designed and implemented. Thenthis whole proposed model is simulated and tested for the accuracy of design and performanceof the system.

Att bli, att vara och att ha varit - om ingångar i och utgångar ur Jehovas vittnen i Sverige

Summary To become, to be and to have been: about the  Jehovah’s Witnesses The Watchtower Bible and Tract Society, in the following text referred to as the Jehovah’s Witnesses or “the organisation”, is a worldwide Christian organisation with about 6.7 million members. The organisation has many times, without any success so far, proclaimed Armageddon when they expect Jehovah to return to Earth. They interpret the Bible in their own, often very literal way, and require their members to live according to these interpretations. Among the consequences of this, members are forbidden to vote, to do military service or to receive blood transfusions. Apart from attending the three weekly meetings, members are expected to be active in missionary work, known as “publishing”. If a member fails to do a certain number of hours’ publishing, he or she risks being deprived of active membership status Sweden in general is considered to be a society where the population is not very religious. The formerly state-governed Lutheran church has lost its influence and the vast majority of ordinary Swedes do not visit church on other occasions than weddings, funerals or christenings. Expressing one’s own religious values has become somewhat of a private matter where publicity is seldom appreciated, which is contrary to the practice of the Jehovah’s Witnesses. This is one of the reasons why the Jehovah’s Witnesses are commonly perceived by average Swedes as a “suspicious” religious organisation. The aim and methods of the study This dissertation seeks to describe and investigate the entering and leaving of a highly structured and hierarchical religious community, exemplified in this case by the Jehovah’s Witnesses. What are the thoughts and aspirations of someone who is considering becoming a Jehovah’s Witness? What are the priorities and what experiences seem important when a person is going through such a process? And when this person has finally reached his or her goal of becoming a member, is it the same motivation that makes him or her stay in the organisation for longer periods of time, possibly for the rest of their lives, or does it change during the process of entering, or does this motivation change its character during the transition from entering to being a regular member? Why do some of the members change their attitude to the Jehovah’s Witnesses from rejoicing to bitterness? And how does this process of exit manifest itself? In what way is it different from the process of entry? The respondents in this study were chosen from both active members of the Jehovah’s Witnesses in Sweden and those who have left the organisation for personal reasons. Repeated interviews with ten active members of the organisation have been conducted in the course of the study and compared to equal numbers of former members. The interviews have been semi-structured to deal with questions of how a person has come into contact with the organisation; how they retrospectively experienced the process of entry; the reasons for becoming a member. Questions have also been asked about life in the organisation. The group of “exiters” have also been asked about the experience of leaving, why they wanted to leave, and how this process was started and carried out. In addition to this I have analysed a four-year diary describing the time inside and the process of leaving the organisation. This has given me an extra psychological insight into the inner experience of someone who has gone through the whole process. The analysis has been done by categorising the content of the transcribed interviews. An attempt to outline a model of an entry and exit process has been made, based on ideas and interpretations presented in the interviews. The analysis of the diary has involved thorough reading, resulting in a division of it into four different parts, where each part has been given a certain key-word, signifying the author’s emotional state when writing it. A great deal of the information about the Jehovah’s Witnesses has been collected through discussion boards on the Internet, informal talks with members and ex-members, interviews with representatives of the organisations during visits to its different offices (Bethels), such as St. Petersburg, Russia, and Brooklyn, New York, USA. The context Each organisation evolves in its own context with its own norms, roles and stories that would not survive outside it. With this as a starting point, there is a chapter dedicated to the description of the organisation’s history, structure and activities. It has been stated that the organisation’s treatment of its critical members and the strategies for recruiting new members have evolved over the years of its history. At the beginning there was an openness allowing members to be critical. As the structure of the organisation has become more rigid and formalised, the treatment of internal critics has become much less tolerated and exclusion has become a frequent option. As a rule many new members have been attracted to the organisation when (1) the day of Armageddon has been pronounced to be approaching; (2) the members of the organisation have been persecuted or threatened with persecution; and (3) the organisation has discovered a “new market”. The processes for entering and exiting How the entering processes manifest themselves depends on whether the person has been brought up in the organisation or not. A person converting as an adult has to pass six phases before being considered a Jehovah’s Witness by the organisation. These are:  Contact with the Jehovah’s Witnesses, Studying the bible with members of the organisation, Questioning, Accepting, Being active as publisher (spreading the belief), Being baptised.  For a person brought up in the organisation, the process to full membership is much shorter:   Upbringing in the organisation, Taking a stand on the belief, Being baptised. The exit process contains of seven phases:   Different levels of doubts, Testing of doubts, Turning points, Different kinds of decisions, Different steps in executing the decisions, Floating, a period of emotional and cognitive consideration of membership and its experiences, Realtive neutrality.   The process in and the process out are both slow and are accompanied with anguish and doubts. When a person is going through the process in or out of the organisation he or she experiences criticism. This is when people around the adept question the decision to continue in the process. The result of the criticism depends on where in the process the person is. If he or she is at the beginning of the process, the criticism will probably make the person insecure and the process will slow down or stop. If the criticism is pronounced in a later phase, the process will probably speed up. The norms of the organisation affect the behaviour of the members. There are techniques for inclusion that both bind members to the organisation and shield them off from the surrounding society. Examples of techniques for inclusion are the “work situation” and “closed doors”. The work situation signifies that members who do as the organisation recommends – doing simple work – often end up in the same branch of industry as many other Jehovah’s Witnesses. This often means that the person has other witnesses as workmates. If the person is unemployed or moves to another town it is easy to find a new job through connections in the organisation. Doubts and exclusions can lead to problems since they entail a risk of losing one’s job. This can also result in problems getting a new job. Jehovah’s Witnesses are not supposed to talk to excluded members, which of course mean difficulties working together. “Closed doors” means that members who do as the organisation recommends – not pursuing higher education, not engaging in civil society, working with a manual or in other way simple job, putting much time into the organisation – will, after a long life in the organisation, have problems starting a new life outside the Jehovah’s Witnesses. The language used in the organisation shows the community among the members, thus the language is one of the most important symbols. A special way of thinking is created through the language. It binds members to the organisation and sometimes it can work as a way to get back into the normative world of the organisation. Randall Collins’s (1990, 2004) thoughts about “emotional energy” have enabled an understanding of the solidarity and unity in the organisation. This also gives an understanding of the way the members treat doubting and critical members. The members who want to exit have to open up the binding/screening off. A possible way to do that is through language, to become aware of the effect the language might have. Another way is to search for emotional energy in another situation. During the exit process, shame might be of some importance. When members become aware of the shame they feel, because they perceive they are “acting a belief”, the exit process might accelerate.

Coalition Formation through Motivation and Trust

Cooperation is the fundamental underpinning of multi-agent systems, allowing agents to interact to achieve their goals. Where agents are self-interested, or potentially unreliable, there must be appropriate mechanisms to cope with the uncertainty that arises. In particular, agents must manage the risk associated with interacting with others who have different objectives, or who may fail to fulfil their commitments. Previous work has utilised the notions of motivation and trust in engendering successful cooperation between self-interested agents. Motivations provide a means for representing and reasoning about agents' overall objectives, and trust offers a mechanism for modelling and reasoning about reliability, honesty, veracity and so forth. This paper extends that work to address some of its limitations. In particular, we introduce the concept of a clan: a group of agents who trust each other and have similar objectives. Clan members treat each other favourably when making private decisions about cooperation, in order to gain mutual benefit. We describe mechanisms for agents to form, maintain, and dissolve clans in accordance with their self-interested nature, along with giving details of how clan membership influences individual decision making. Finally, through some simulation experiments we illustrate the effectiveness of clan formation in addressing some of the inherent problems with cooperation among self-interested agents.

Impact of the 1980 election on ideological liberal organizations

Throughout this section, I sought to establish a nexus between interest group theory and empirical observations. This in turn, would provide the framework from which I would set forth a series of hypotheses concerning the impact of the deviating 1980 elections on ideological liberal organizations. What I found in fact, was not just a link but a near perfect correlation between theory and practice, each reinforcing the other and pointing to the same ineluctable conclusion: The upshot of the Reagan/New Right landslide of 1980 was a dramatic renaissance of American liberalism. A renaissance so pervasive that ideological liberal organizations stand to benefit tremendously in terms of sustaining membership and raising funds. Moreover, it promises to facilitate the formation of liberal lobbying coalitions and enhance their capacity to cultivate grass roots support.

Otto Klitgord and Andrew Clauson

Otto Klitogord (left) is depicted awarding the Hon. Andrew Clauson (right) with membership in TPS - June 26, 1952. Otto Klitgord was the first president of the New York City College of Technology. He was named director of the New York State Institute of Applied Arts and Sciences when it was formed in the 1946 and became president in the 1950s when the administration was reorganized. Klitgord served until 1960, making his tenure as president the longest in City Tech's history.

Fall 2011

Inside this Issue: Sharyn McCrumb 11/3A Few Words from Dean HerringA Note from the ChairFriends of Dacus Library Membership Application

Summer 2011

Inside this Issue: Sharyn McCrumb 11/3Business Meeting Items, 10/7/2011 Dorothy M. MedlinMap and Parking for Events of Oct. 7 and Nov. 3 Membership FormA Note from the Chair

Spring 2011

Inside this Issue: Dean’s WelcomeChanges in the Library: Physical and MetaphysicalLibrary Board Members Board Actions 3/2/11 Shetuni BookDDA, not Dada Bi-Lo BoostersMembership List Membership FormNote from the Chair

Utilização de Multicast na Disseminação de Escritas em Ambientes Replicados

Este trabalho trata da utilização de protocolos de comunicação de grupo para a disseminação de escritas em arquivos replicados. A replicação de arquivos tem como objetivo aumentar a disponibilidade dos dados mesmo mediante a ocorrência de alguma falha. Existem duas abordagens principais para a replicação de arquivos: a da cópia primária e das cópias ativas. Em ambas as abordagens é necessário que seja mantida a integridade dos dados replicados, de forma que todos cópias dos arquivos replicados estejam no mesmo estado. Essa integridade pode ser mantida pela escolha correta de uma estratégia de disseminação de escritas. Como os servidores que mantém cópias do mesmo arquivo formam um grupo de replicação, a disseminação de escritas pode ser feita através de comunicação de grupos. Neste trabalho são apresentados os sistemas de comunicação de grupo xAMp, da Universidade de Lisboa; Totem, Universidade da Califórnia; Transis da Universidade de Hebréia de Jerusalém; Horus, da Universidade de Cornell e Newtop da Universidade de Newcastle. Todos os sistemas descritos possuem características de comunicação de grupo e membership que permitem a sua utilização na disseminação de escritas para arquivos replicados. Este trabalho descreve, também, o protótipo PDERM (Protótipo para a Disseminação de Escritas em arquivos Replicados, através de Multicast), implementado para analisar o comportamento de um sistema de comunicação de grupo, o xAMp, na disseminação de escritas em arquivos replicados pela estratégia da cópia primária. Foi analisado o aspecto da manutenção da integridade das réplicas mesmo na ocorrência de falha do servidor primário.

Estimativa da área impermeável dentro da bacia hidrográfica do Arroio Diluvio (porto Alegre/RS) através de técnicas de sensoriamento remoto e geoprocessamento

Neste trabalho foram realizadas classificações utilizando-se as bandas 1 a 5 e 7 dos sensores Landsat 5 TM (1987) e Landsat 7 ETM+ (2000). A caracterização espectral dos materiais foi realizada em laboratório utilizando um espectrorradiômetro, e através das bandas 1 a 5 e 7 dos sensores Landsat 5 TM (1987) e Landsat 7 ETM+ (2000). A transformação dos dados multiespectrais de imagens de sensoriamento remoto é uma maneira de reduzir o volume de dados através da identificação de classes de interesse numa imagem digital. No intuito de verificar condições de melhoramento na classificação de alvos urbanos em imagens digitais, identificados por procedimentos já conhecidos, como a classificação pela Máxima Verossimilhança, escolheu-se um classificador baseado na lógica fuzzy. O classificador utilizado foi o Fuzzy Set Membership classification - Fuzclass, que faz parte de um conjunto de classificadores não-rígidos disponíveis no programa Idrisi 32. Uma vez que informações sobre o desempenho de produtos deste classificador em áreas urbanas são escassas, foram conduzidos ensaios de comparação de resultados obtidos por este classificador com a verdade terrestre, representada por uma imagem de alta resolução espacial do satélite QuickBird. As áreas teste selecionadas desta imagem atendem ao critério de inalterância das condições de ocupação para o intervalo temporal considerado A comparação feita, permite concluir que o classificador apresenta limitações na classificação de áreas urbanas devido ao comportamento espectral semelhante dos materiais que fazem parte dessa cobertura. A utilização de uma classe única para identificar áreas impermeáveis foi a solução adotada para contornar este óbice. O emprego de áreas teste possibilitou acertar a escolha do grau de possibilidade de presença da classe no pixel (PPCP). Uma comparação entre os resultados apresentados na classificação de áreas impermeáveis, com base nos classificadores Máxima Verossimilhança e Fuzclass, demonstrou um desempenho melhor do classificador fuzzy, em função do nível de PPCP ajustado durante a análise comparativa Landsat e Quickbird nas áreas teste. Um procedimento alternativo de estimativa de áreas impermeáveis em bacias urbanas é apresentado no final.

Implementação de mecanismo de sincronismo virtual: experiência com Java

Este trabalho relata as atividades de estudo, projeto e implementação de uma aplicação distribuída que explora mecanismos básicos empregados em comunicação de grupo. O estudo é focado no desenvolvimento e uso dos conceitos de sincronismo virtual e em resultados aplicáveis para tolerância a falhas. O objetivo deste trabalho é o de demonstrar as repercussões práticas das principais características do modelo de sincronismo virtual no suporte à tolerância a falhas. São preceitos básicos os conceitos e primitivas de sistemas distribuídos utilizando troca de mensagens, bem como as alternativas de programação embasadas no conceito de grupos. O resultado final corresponde a um sistema Cliente/Servidor, desenvolvido em Java RMI, para simular um sistema distribuído com visões de grupo atualizadas em função da ocorrência de eventos significativos na composição dos grupos (sincronismo virtual). O sistema apresenta tratamento a falhas para o colapso (crash) de processos, inclusive do servidor (coordenador do grupo), e permite a consulta a dados armazenados em diferentes servidores. Foi projetado e implementado em um ambiente Windows NT, com protocolo TCP/IP. O resultado final corresponde a um conjunto de classes que pode ser utilizado para o controle da composição de grupos (membership). O aplicativo desenvolvido neste trabalho disponibiliza seis serviços, que são: inclusão de novos membros no grupo, onde as visões de todos os membros são atualizadas já com a identificação do novo membro; envio de mensagens em multicast aos membros participantes do grupo; envio de mensagens em unicast para um membro específico do grupo; permite a saída voluntária de membros do grupo, fazendo a atualização da visão a todos os membros do grupo; monitoramento de defeitos; e visualização dos membros participantes do grupo. Um destaque deve ser dado ao tratamento da suspeita de defeito do coordenador do grupo: se o mesmo sofrer um colapso, o membro mais antigo ativo é designado como o novo coordenador, e todos os membros do grupo são atualizados sobre a situação atual quanto à coordenação do grupo.

Relativização da coisa julgada nas ações declaratórias de paternidade

O presente trabalho objetiva apresentar à problemática envolvendo a existência de dois direitos fundamentais constitucionalmente garantidos (direito à filiação e a coisa julgada) que, devido ao surgimento de uma técnica científica, o exame de DNA, passouse a refletir qual direito deve prevalecer diante do outro e de uma possível relativização da coisa julgada material. Para tanto se faz necessário a análise dos princípios constitucionais envolvidos na relação, o princípio da segurança jurídica e, por outro lado, o princípio da dignidade da pessoa humana. Trata-se de um movimento que envolve uma ampla discussão doutrinária, bem como a jurisprudência competente, que serão devidamente apresentados.