Funcionalidad familiar en pacientes con diabetes mellitus tipo 2 en Hospital ISSS Sonsonate

A pesar de existir diversidad de medicamentos para el manejo del paciente con diabetes mellitus tipo 2, persiste el descontrol. La familia juega un papel importante en la salud integral de cada uno de sus miembros y en la recuperación o en el control adecuado de la enfermedad. Objetivo: conocer la asociación entre el puntaje de evaluación de la funcionalidad familiar medido por el APGAR Familiar y el control glucémico en pacientes que consultan subsecuentemente por diabetes mellitus tipo 2 en el Hospital Regional de Sonsonate ISSS. Material y métodos: tipo de diseño del trabajo de investigación; descriptivo transversal. El universo son todas las personas con diabetes mellitus tipo 2 en el Hospital Regional de Sonsonate ISSS en el período de julio 2015 y la muestra fue de 192 personas, todos aquellos pacientes diabéticos que tienen cita de control subsecuente y a quienes por medio de una entrevista-cuestionario y previo consentimiento informado, se recolectó la información a través de un test de percepción de funcionalidad familiar y cuestionario epidemiológico. Resultados: del total de la población de la investigación, el 62% son del sexo femenino, el 36% se encontraron entre 61 y 70 años de edad, el estado civil correspondió a 72% casados o acompañados, el 28% de la población sabían leer y escribir o tenia estudios primarios y el resto con educación básica, media o superior; el 44% es beneficiaria, el 33% pensionada y el 23% cotizante, el 36% se encontraron con valor de glucosa en ayunas; controlados entre 70 - 120mg/dl y el resto, que es el 64% por arriba de esos valores, el 83% de las familias estudiadas fueron funcionales y 17% se encontraron entre disfunción moderada y severa.

The concept of low glycemic index and glycemic load foods as panacea for type 2 diabetes mellitus; prospects, challenges and solutions.

Background: This article examines the concepts of low glycemic indices (GIs) and glycemic load (GL) foods as key drivers in the dietary management of type 2 diabetes as well as their shortcomings. The controversies arising from the analysis of glycemic index (GI) and GL of foods such as their reproducibility as well as their relevance to the dietary management of type 2 diabetes are also discussed. Methods: Search was conducted in relevant electronic databases such as: Pubmed, Google Scholar, HINARI, the Cochrane library, Popline, LILACS, CINAHL, EMBASE, etc to identify the current status of knowledge regarding the controversies surrounding management of diabetes with low GI and GL foods. Conclusion: This article suggests that in view of discrepancies that surround the results of GI versus GL of foods, any assay on the GI and GL of a food with the aim of recommending the food for the dietary management of type 2 diabetes, could be balanced with glycated hemoglobin assays before they are adopted as useful antidiabetic foods.

Relationship between religiosity, religious coping and socio-demographic variables among out-patients with depression or diabetes mellitus in Enugu, Nigeria.

Background: Religion is a powerful coping strategy. Diabetes and depression are common conditions in our environment that induce psychological distress, thus requiring coping for better outcome. Studies indicate that increased religiosity is associated with better outcome in clinical and general populations. Therefore, studies of the distribution of religiosity and religious coping among these populations are essential to improve outcome. Objectives: To assess the association between religiosity, religious coping in depression and diabetes mellitus, and selected sociodemographic variables (age, gender and occupational status). Methods:Using simple random sampling we recruited 112 participants with diabetes and an equal number with depression consecutively, matching for gender. Religiosity was determined using religious orientation scale (revised), religious coping with brief religious coping scale and socio-demographic variables with a socio-demographic questionnaire. Results: Intrinsic religiosity was greater among older people with depression than among older people with diabetes(t=5.02,p<0.001); no significant difference among young people with depression and diabetes(t=1.47,p=0.15).Positive religious coping was greater among older people with depression than among older people with diabetes(t=2.31,p=0.02); no difference among young people with depression and diabetes(t=0.80,p=0.43). Females with depression had higher intrinsic religiosity scores than males with depression(t=3.85,p<0.001); no difference in intrinsic religiosity between females and males with diabetes(t=0.99,p=0.32).Positive religious coping was greater among participants with diabetes in the low occupational status(t=2.96,p<0.001) than those in the high occupational status. Conclusion: Religion is indeed a reliable coping method, most commonly used by the elderly and females with depression. Positive religious coping is more common among diabetic patients who are in the low occupational status.

Alteration of the bone tissue material properties in type 1 diabetes mellitus: A Fourier transform infrared microspectroscopy study

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Stable Incretin Mimetics Counter Rapid Deterioration of Bone Quality in Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus.

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Diabetes mellitus among tuberculosis patients: a cross sectional study from Pakistan

Background: The co-occurrence of diabetes mellitus (DM) and tuberculosis (TB) is largely associated with high frequency of morbidity. Objective: To determine the prevalence of DM among TB patients and describe the socio-demographic and behavioral factors associated with TB-DM co-occurrence . Methods: We enrolled 500 TB patients from September, 2014 to August 2015 at four major public sector hospitals of Lahore, Pakistan. A questionnaire was used to collect information regarding associated socio-demographic and behavioral factors of the patients. We monitored the fasting blood sugar of each patient by using a semi automated clinical chemistry analyzer followed by an HbA1c level check of all hyperglycemic patients. Results: The prevalence of TB-DM co-occurrence was 14.8%. The prevalence of TB-DM was higher (62.2%) among males. The >57 year age group had the highest proportion of patients (35.1%), with co-existent TB-DM. Most were illiterate (73.0%) and unemployed (48%). Moreover, among the 74 patients positive for TB-DM had a history of smoking. Age and education level were significantly associated with DM-TB while gender, occupation and smoking were not associated. Conclusion: The study revealed a 14.8% prevalence of DM among TB patients. This was associated with several socio-demographic factors, including age, unemployment, literacy and polluted environment. Thus, poor and unhealthy lifestyles were the factors associated with DM among immunologically compromised individuals due to TB.

Modulation of immune cells and Th1/Th2 cytokines in insulin-treated type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Background: The role of the immune system in insulin resistance associated with type 2 diabetes has been suggested. Objectives: We assessed the profile of Th1/Th2 cytokines along with the frequencies of immune cells in insulin-treated type 2 diabetic patients (T2DP). Methods: 45 T2D patients and 43 age-matched healthy subjects were selected. Serum concentrations of T-helper type 1 (Th1) and Th2 cytokines and the frequencies of innate and adaptive immunity cells were assessed. Results: T2DP were hyperglycemic and showed high level of insulin, normal levels of triglycerides and total-cholesterol and without any change in HDL-cholesterol.Compared to healthy subjects, T2DP exhibited significant decreased frequencies of neutrophils, without any change in monocytes, eosinophils and natural killer cells. The percentages of total lymphocytes (CD3+) and CD8+-T-cells decreased whereas those of regulatory T-cells increased without any change in CD4+ T-cells in T2DP. Interestingly, the frequencies of effector CD4+-T and B-cells increased in T2DP. Serum concentrations of IL-2, IFN-γ and IL-4 decreased while IL-10 significantly enhanced in T2DP, suggesting a differentiation of CD4+T helper cells towards IL-10-producing- Teff-cells in these patients. Conclusion: Insulin-treated type 2 diabetes is associated with anti-inflammatory profile consistent with differentiation of CD4+-Th-cells towards IL-10-producing-Teff-cells, concomitant with increased frequencies of Treg and B-cells, and this may probably offer prevention against certain infections or autoimmune/inflammatory diseases.

Stroke in patients with diabetes mellitus: a study from North Western Nigeria.

Background: Stroke is one of the major causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide and apart from being exceedingly harmful in diabetics, stroke is a disabling disorder. The study was undertaken to describe the clinical characteristics, outcome pattern and predictors of mortality in a cohort of diabetic patients presenting with stroke in two tertiary health facilities in North Western Nigeria. Method: Out of all stroke patients seen from June 2007 to February 2011, persons with diabetes mellitus presenting with stroke in the emergency unit of the two tertiary hospitals in Kano were consecutively recruited for the study. Classification of stroke into hemorrhagic and infarctive subtypes was based on brain computerized tomography (CT), brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and World Health Organization (WHO) criteria. Follow-up period was for thirty days. Result: Out of the five hundred and thirty six stroke patients seen during the study period, 85 (15.9%) patients, comprising 48 (56.5%) males, had diabetes. Thirty eight (44.7%) of the identified diabetics were previously undiagnosed. Sixty four (75.3%) had infarctive stroke. One-month case fatality rate was 30.6%. Factors associated with death included male sex, past history of TIA, abnormal respiratory pattern, hemorrhagic stroke, aspiration pneumonitis, and worsening GCS. Aspiration pneumonitis and worsening GCS were independent predictors of one month mortality of stroke in the patients. Conclusion: In DM patients studied, infarctive stroke was more common, case fatality was 30.6%. Male gender, past history of TIA, abnormal respiratory pattern, hemorrhagic stroke, aspiration pneumonitis, and worsening Glasgow Coma Score (GCS) were associated with mortality. Aspiration pneumonitis and worsening GCS were independent predictors of one month mortality of stroke in diabetic patients.

Use of GLP-1 mimetic in type 2 diabetes mellitus: is it the end of fragility fractures?

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Diabetes mellitus na comunidade do Instituto Politécnico de Bragança: caracterização e conhecimentos

Dada a relevância da Diabetes mellitus (DM) como um problema de saúde pública pretendeu-se caracterizar a DM e o conhecimento na comunidade do Instituto Politécnico de Bragança (IPB). Para tal, desenvolveu-se um estudo descritivo e transversal, com aplicação de um questionário. A prevalência de DM foi de 3,4%. Destes, 30,8% faz uso de insulina e 46,2% de antidiabéticos orais, 61,8% tem antecedentes familiares, 37,0% consome álcool e 36,2% tabaco. A grande maioria (97,7%) diz saber o que é a DM e 69,5% afirmam conhecer a terapêutica. A prevalência de DM é muito baixa e os conhecimentos acerca da doença são razoáveis.

A new stable GIP-Oxyntomodulin hybrid peptide improved bone strength both at the organ and tissue levels in genetically-inherited type 2 diabetes mellitus

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Efecto del ajuste del tratamiento al alta en los resultados a 30 días en los pacientes con diabetes mellitus atendidos por hipoglucemia en un servicio de urgencias hospitalario

Fundamento. Determinar si ajustar el tratamiento antidiabético al alta se relaciona con los resultados a 30 días en los pacientes con diabetes mellitus atendidos por hipoglucemia en un servicio de urgencias (SU). Método. Estudio observacional de cohorte retrospectivo. Se incluyeron todos los pacientes con diabetes mellitus con hipoglucemia dados del alta desde SU entre 2012-2014. La variable resultado fue un evento adverso por cualquier causa a los 30 días. Resultados. El estudio se realizó en 203 pacientes con edad media de 69,7 (DE 18,9) mayoritariamente con diabetes mellitus tipo 2. El diagnóstico de hipoglucemia fue principal en 162 (79%) y se realizó ajuste terapéutico en 98 (48%) casos. El no ajuste de tratamiento fue un factor independiente asociado con un evento adverso a los 30 días (OR=2,82; IC 95%=1,34-5,93; p=0,006). Conclusiones. No ajustar el tratamiento antidiabético al alta del SU podría ser un factor independiente de sufrir un resultado adverso a los 30 días en los pacientes con diabetes mellitus que presentaron hipoglucemia en un SU.