Le corps humain converti en gisement de ressources économiques – À propos de Le Corps-Marché, de Céline Lafontaine

Commentaire / Commentary

Identification of a new cell line permissive to porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus infection and replication which is phenotypically distinct from MARC-145 cell line

Background Airborne transmitted pathogens, such as porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV), need to interact with host cells of the respiratory tract in order to be able to enter and disseminate in the host organism. Pulmonary alveolar macrophages (PAM) and MA104 derived monkey kidney MARC-145 cells are known to be permissive to PRRSV infection and replication and are the most studied cells in the literature. More recently, new cell lines developed to study PRRSV have been genetically modified to make them permissive to the virus. The SJPL cell line origin was initially reported to be epithelial cells of the respiratory tract of swine. Thus, the goal of this study was to determine if SJPL cells could support PRRSV infection and replication in vitro. Results The SJPL cell growth was significantly slower than MARC-145 cell growth. The SJPL cells were found to express the CD151 protein but not the CD163 and neither the sialoadhesin PRRSV receptors. During the course of the present study, the SJPL cells have been reported to be of monkey origin. Nevertheless, SJPL cells were found to be permissive to PRRSV infection and replication even if the development of the cytopathic effect was delayed compared to PRRSV-infected MARC-145 cells. Following PRRSV replication, the amount of infectious viral particles produced in SJPL and MARC-145 infected cells was similar. The SJPL cells allowed the replication of several PRRSV North American strains and were almost efficient as MARC-145 cells for virus isolation. Interestingly, PRRSV is 8 to 16 times more sensitive to IFNα antiviral effect in SJPL cell in comparison to that in MARC-145 cells. PRRSV induced an increase in IFNβ mRNA and no up regulation of IFNα mRNA in both infected cell types. In addition, PRRSV induced an up regulation of IFNγ and TNF-α mRNAs only in infected MARC-145 cells. Conclusions In conclusion, the SJPL cells are permissive to PRRSV. In addition, they are phenotypically different from MARC-145 cells and are an additional tool that could be used to study PRRSV pathogenesis mechanisms in vitro.

Transient high level mammalian reovirus replication in a bat epithelial cell line occurs without cytopathic effect

Mammalian reoviruses exhibit a large host range and infected cells are generally killed; however, most studies examined only a few cell types and host species, and are probably not representative of all possible interactions between virus and host cell. Many questions thus remain concerning the nature of cellular factors that affect viral replication and cell death. In the present work, it was observed that replication of the classical mammalian reovirus serotype 3 Dearing in a bat epithelial cell line, Tb1.Lu, does not result in cell lysis and is rapidly reduced to very low levels. Prior uncoating of virions by chymotrypsin treatment, to generate infectious subviral particles, increased the initial level of infection but without any significant effect on further viral replication or cell survival. Infected cells remain resistant to virus reinfection and secrete an antiviral factor, most likely interferon, that is protective against the unrelated encephalomyocarditis virus. Although, the transformed status of a cell is believed to promote reovirus replication and viral “oncolysis”, resistant Tb1.Lu cells exhibit a classical phenotype of transformed cells by forming colonies in semisolid soft agar medium. Further transduction of Tb.Lu cells with a constitutively-active Ras oncogene does not seem cell growth or reovirus effect on these cells. Infected Tb1.Lu cells can produce low-level of infectious virus for a long time without any apparent effect, although these cells are resistant to reinfection. The results suggest that Tb1.Lu cells can mount an unusual antiviral response. Specific properties of bat cells may thus be in part responsible for the ability of the animals to act as reservoirs for viruses in general and for novel reoviruses in particular. Their peculiar resistance to cell lysis also makes Tb1.Lu cells an attractive model to study the cellular and viral factors that determine the ability of reovirus to replicate and destroy infected cells.

Broadband Cylindrical Dielectric Resonator Antenna Excited by Modified Microstrip Line

The impedance bandwidth of a high permittivity cylindrical dielectric resonator antenna excited by a micro strip line was significantly improved by modifying the feed geometry. The 10 dB return loss bandwidth is enhanced from 12 to 26% without much affecting the gain and other radiation properties of the antenna. Good agreement has been observed between the predicted and measured results

Line of Brillouin-Erbium Fiber Laser Utilizing a Fabry-Perot Cavity in L-band

In this paper, the generation of a multiwavelength laser source from a Brillouin -Erbium fiber laser in the long wavelength band (L-band) region is experimentally demonstrated. The proposed laser system utilizes a Fabrv-Perot cavity formed by fiber-loop mirrors. Twenty-four lines of Brillouin-Stokes with line spacings of 10 GHz are obtained in the L-band region

Broadband Cylindrical Dielectric Resonator Antenna Excited by Modified Microstrip Line

The impedance bandwidth of a high permittivity cylindrical dielectric resonator antenna excited by a micro strip line was significantly improved by modifying the feed geometry. The 10 dB return loss bandwidth is enhanced from 12 to 26% without much affecting the gain and other radiation properties of the antenna. Good agreement has been observed between the predicted and measured results

Performance Evaluation of Commercially Important Indian and Imported Fishing Hooks

Fishing Technology Division, Central Institute of Fisheries Technology

Weld line behaviour of polymer blends with special reference to PP/HDPE, PP/PS and HDPE/LDPE blends

Department of Polymer Science and Rubber Technology, Cochin University of Science and Technology

Anomalous profile of a self-reversed resonance line from Ba+ in a laser produced plasma from YBa2Cu307

A laser produced plasma from the multielement solid target YBa2Cu3O7 is generated using 1.06 μm, 9 ns pulses from a Q-switched Nd:YAG laser in air at atmospheric pressure. A time resolved analysis of the profile of the 4554.03 Å resonance line emission from Ba II at various laser power densities has been carried out. It has been found that the line has a profile which is strongly self-reversed. It is also observed that at laser power densities equal to or exceeding 1.6×1011 W cm−2, a third peak begins to develop at the centre of the self-reversed profile and this has been interpreted as due to the anisotropic resonance scattering (fluorescence). The number densities of singly ionized barium ions evaluated from the width of the resonance line as a function of time delay with respect to the beginning of the laser pulse give typical values of the order of 1019 cm−3. The higher ion concentrations existing at smaller time delays are seen to decrease rapidly. The Ba II ions in the ground state resonantly absorb the radiation and this absorption is maximum around 120 ns after the laser pulse.

Studies on some generalizations of line graph and the power domination problem in graphs

Department of Mathematics, Cochin University of Science and Technology

Studies on the exploratory trawl fishing and significance of selectivity in trawl fishing gear for conservation of marine fishery resources with special reference to the inshore waters off Mangalore

School of Industrial Fisheries, Cochin University of Science and Technology

Studies on Inland Fishing Gears of North Kerala

School of Industrial Fisheries,Cochin University of Science and Technology