L'anticoagulation du patient âgé en fibrillation atriale: que prescrivent les cardiologues, les gériatres et les médecins généralistes [Anticoagulation in the aged patient with atrial fibrillation: What are prescribing cardiologists, geriatricians and general practitioners?].

OBJECTIVE: To assess prescribing of anticoagulants in atrial fibrillation (AF) in the elderly, both a quantitative point of view (rate of anticoagulation) and qualitative (type of anticoagulation). Determinants of prescribing and non-prescribing were also analysed. METHODS: Prospective survey of practice, based on one clinical case and questionnaire conducted in 60 practitioners (20 cardiologists [C], 20 geriatricians [G] and 20 general practitioners [GP]). RESULTS: In reading the clinical case, 88.3% of physicians would have initiated a treatment; three types of treatments would have been chosen: AVK (68.3%), ODA (20.0%) and platelet antiaggregant (11.7%). Criteria taken into account to initiate anticoagulation varied according to the specialty. Cardiologists considered more the age criteria (C: 95.0%, G: 75.0%, MG: 60.0%; P<0.05), diabetes (C: 90.0%, G: 60.0%, MG: 55.0%; P<0.05), hypertension (C: 85.0%, G: 55.0%, MG: 60.0%; P<0.05) and female gender (C: 80.0%, G: 35.0%, MG: 25.0%; P<0.05). The quality of renal function was however a more secondary criteria (C: 15.0%, G: 5.0%, MG: 0.0%; P<0.05). General practitioners considered most frequently the presence of underlying heart disease (C: 35.0%, G: 5.0%, MG: 45.0%; P<0.05) as well as usual cardiovascular risk factors (overweight, dyslipidaemia; P<0.05). Risk of bleeding, however, was observed by 76.7% of physicians in the clinical situation presented (C: 70.0%, G: 75.0%, MG: 85.0%; P<0.05). CONCLUSION: This survey confirms that the FA remains under anticoagulated in the elderly and the barriers to the prescription of oral anticoagulation are often without rational basis.

Study of Johnsons Glacier (Livingston Island, Antarctica) by means of shallow ice cores and their tephra and by analysis of 137Cs content

With the aim of monitoring the dynamics of the Livingston Island ice cap, the Departament de Geodinàmica i Geofísica of the Universitat de Barcelona began ye a r ly surveys in the austral summer of 1994-95 on Johnsons Glacier. During this field campaign 10 shallow ice cores were sampled with a manual ve rtical ice-core drilling machine. The objectives were: i) to detect the tephra layer accumulated on the glacier surface, attributed to the 1970 Deception Island pyroclastic eruption, today interstratified; ii) to verify wheter this layer might serve as a reference level; iii) to measure the 1 3 7Cs radio-isotope concentration accumulated in the 1965 snow stratum; iv) to use the isochrone layer as a mean of verifying the age of the 1970 tephra layer; and, v) to calculate both the equilibrium line of the glacier and average mass balance over the last 28 years (1965-1993). The stratigr a p hy of the cores, their cumulative density curves and the isothermal ice temperatures recorded confi rm that Johnsons Glacier is a temperate glacier. Wi n d, solar radiation heating and liquid water are the main agents controlling the ve rtical and horizontal redistribution of the volcanic and cryoclastic particles that are sedimented and remain interstratified within the g l a c i e r. It is because of this redistribution that the 1970 tephra layer does not always serve as a ve ry good reference level. The position of the equilibrium line altitude (ELA) in 1993, obtained by the 1 3 7Cs spectrometric analysis, varies from about 200 m a.s.l. to 250 m a.s.l. This indicates a rising trend in the equilibrium line altitude from the beginning of the 1970s to the present day. The va rying slope orientation of Johnsons Glacier relative to the prevailing NE wind gives rise to large local differences in snow accumulation, which locally modifies the equilibrium line altitude. In the cores studied, 1 3 7Cs appears to be associated with the 1970 tephra laye r. This indicates an intense ablation episode throughout the sampled area (at least up to 330 m a.s.l), which probably occurred synchronically to the 1970 tephra deposition or later. A rough estimate of the specific mass balance reveals a considerable accumulation gradient related to the increase with altitude.

Accessory phases as a tool to investigate magmatic underplating in polymetamorphic metasediments : an example from a fossil lower crust : Ivrea Verbano zne, NW Italy

The Ivrea and the Strona-Ceneri zones, NW italy and S Switzerland, offer the possibility to study the continental crust of the Southern Alps. Because of its high metamorphic degree and the abundant Permo- Carboniferous mafic intrusions, the Ivrea Zone is classically interpreted an exposed section trough the Permian lower crust. The present work is focused here on metasedimentary slices (septa) intercalated within Permian gabbro (mafic complex). In particular I studied the evolution of accessory phases such as rutile and zircon and the chemistry of the metasediments. The septa build an irregular and discontinuous band that cut obliquely the mafic complex from its deepest part (N) to its roof (S). The chemistry of the metasediments evolves along the band and the chemical evolution can be compared with that observed in the country-rock surrounding the mafic intrusion to the NE and overprinted by a main regional metamorphic event. This suggests that the degree of chemical depletion of the septa was mainly established during the same regional metamorphic event. Moreover it suggests that incorporation of the septa within the gabbro did not modify their original stratigraphie distribution within the crust. It implies that the mafic complex has been emplaced following a dynamic substantially different from the classic model of « gabbro glacier » (Quick et al., 1992; Quick et al., 1994). It is more likely that it has been emplaced by repeated injections of sills at different depths during a protracted period of time. Zircon trace elements and U-Pb ages suggest that regional metamorphism occurred 330-320Ma, the first sills in the deepest part of the Mafic Complex are injected at ~300Ma, the mafic magmas reached higher levels in the crust at 285Ma and the magmatic activity continued locally until 275Ma. The ages of detrital cores in zircons fix the maximal sedimentation age at ~370Ma, this age corresponds therefore with the maximal age of the incorporation of the Ivrea zone within the lower crust. I propose that the Ivrea zone has been accreted to the lower crust during the Hercynian orogeny sensu lato. The analysis of detrital ages suggests that the source terrains for the Ivrea zone and those for the Strona-Ceneri zone have a completely different Palaeozoic history. The systematic analysis of rutile in partially molten metasediments of the Ivrea zone reveals the occurrence of two generations. The two generations are characterized by a different chemistry and textural distribution. A first generation is formed during pro-grade metamorphism in the restitic counterpart. The second generation is formed in the melts during cooling at the same time that part of the first generation re-equilibrate. Re-equilibration of the first generation seems to be spatially controlled by the presence of fluids. Locally the second generation forms overgrowths on the first generation. Considered the different diffusivity of U and Pb in rutile, U heterogeneities have important implication for U-Pb dating of rutile. ID-TIMS and LA-ICPMS dating coupled with a careful textural investigation (SEM) suggest that rutile grains are characterized by multiple path along which Pb diffusion can occur: volume diffusion is an important process, but intragrain and subgrain boundaries provide additional high diffusivity pathways for Pb escape and reduce drastically the effective diffusion length. -- La zone d'Ivrea et la zone de Strona-Ceneri, en Italie nord-occidentale et Suisse méridionale, offrent la possibilité d'étudier la croûte continentale des Alpes du Sud. En raison du haut degré métamorphique et l'abondance d'intrusions mafiques d'âge Permo-Carbonifère [complexe mafique), la zone d'Ivrea est interprétée classiquement comme de la croûte inférieure permienne. Ce travail ce concentre sur des bandes metasédimentaires (septa) incorporées dans les magmas mafiques lors de l'intrusion. Les septa forment une bande irrégulière qui coupe obliquement le complexe mafique du bas (N) vers le haut (S). La chimie des septa évolue du bas vers le haut et l'évolution chimique se rapproche de l'évolution observé dans la roche encaissante l'intrusion affecté par un événement métamorphique régionale. Cette relation suggère que le degré d'appauvrissement chimique des septa a été établit principalement lors de l'événement métamorphique régional. De plus l'incorporation dans les gabbros n'a pas perturbée la distribution stratigraphique originelle des septa. Ces deux observations impliquent que le métamorphisme dans la roche encaissante précède la mise en place du gabbro et que cette dernière ne se fait pas selon le modèle classique (« gabbro glacier » de Quick et al., 1992, 1994), mais se fait plutôt par injections répétées de sills a différentes profondeurs. Les âges U-Pb et les éléments traces des zircons suggèrent que le métamorphisme régionale a eu lieu 330-320Ma, alors que les premiers sills dans la partie profonde du Mafic Complex s'injectent à ~300Ma, le magmatisme mafique atteigne des niveaux supérieurs à 285Ma et continue localement jusqu'à 270Ma. Les âges des coeurs détritiques des zircons permettent de fixer l'âge maximale de sédimentation à ~370Ma ce qui correspond donc à l'âge maximale de l'incorporation de la zone d'Ivrea dans la croûte inférieur. L'analyse systématique des rutiles, nous a permit de montrer l'existence de plusieurs générations qui ont une répartition texturale et une chimie différente. Une génération se forme lors de l'événement UHT dans les restites, une autre génération se forme dans les liquides lors du refroidissement, au même temps qu'une partie de la première génération se rééquilibre au niveau du Zr. Localement la deuxième génération peut former des surcroissances autour de la première génération. Dans ces cas, des fortes différences en uranium entre les deux générations ont des importantes implications pour la datation U-Pb sur rutile. Classiquement les ratios Pb/U dans le rutile sont interprétés comme indiquant l'âges du refroidissement du minéral sous une température à la quelle la diffusion du Pb dans le minéral n'est plus détectable et la diffusion à plus hautes températures est assumée se faire par «volume diffusion» dans le grain (Mezger et al., 1989). Par des datations ID-TIMS (sur grain entier) et LA-ICPMS (in-situ) et une analyse texturale (MEB) approfondie nous montrons que cette supposition est trop simpliste et que le rutile est repartie en sous-domaines. Chacun de ces domaines a ça propre longueur ou chemin de diffusion spécifique. Nous proposons donc une nouvelle approche plus cohérente pour l'interprétation des âges U-Pb sur rutile.

Convergència i Unió, del nacionalismo moderado al secesionismo: cambio de posición de los partidos nacionalistas y sistema de gobierno multinivel

El 11 de septiembre de 2012 una multitudinaria manifestación en Barcelona con motivo de la fiesta nacional catalana bajo el lema “Catalunya Nou Estat d’Europa”, convocada por la Asamblea Nacional Catalana, una asociación partidaria de la independencia de Catalunya, acabó precipitando un avance electoral. CiU se presentó a las nuevas elecciones con el compromiso de realizar una consulta sobre la autodeterminación de Catalunya y con un programa que incluía medidas para la creación de un estado independiente. La invocación de CiU al derecho a autodeterminación no era una novedad ya que desde los años 90, en CDC dicha propuesta aparece es aprobada en los congresos del partido y ya en el programa electoral de 2010 está claramente explicitada. Sin embargo en las elecciones de 2012 dicha cuestión monopoliza la campaña electoral y marca la agenda política catalana. Este trabajo se propone demostrar que CiU ha experimentado un cambio de posición en la dimensión centro-periferia y que ha pasado de ser un partido nacionalista moderado a ser un partido secesionista y se sostiene que este cambio de posición se debe, en parte, a la naturaleza multinivel del sistema político español. El interés del estudio de caso radica en que puede permitir avanzar en el conocimiento del cambio de posición de los partidos nacionalistas y también verificar la influencia de variables institucionales en el cambio de posición de los partidos ambos aspectos bastante ignorados por la literatura sobre el cambio de posición en los partidos hasta ahora.

Sexual dimorphism in cancer.

The incidence of many types of cancer arising in organs with non-reproductive functions is significantly higher in male populations than in female populations, with associated differences in survival. Occupational and/or behavioural factors are well-known underlying determinants. However, cellular and molecular differences between the two sexes are also likely to be important. In this Opinion article, we focus on the complex interplay that sex hormones and sex chromosomes can have in intrinsic control of cancer-initiating cell populations, the tumour microenvironment and systemic determinants of cancer development, such as the immune system and metabolism. A better appreciation of these differences between the two sexes could be of substantial value for cancer prevention as well as treatment.

V. A. Koskenniemen kokoelma

Kirjallisuuden professori V. A. Koskenniemen (1885-1962) kirjakokoelma säilytetään erillisenä kokoelmana Turun yliopiston pääkirjaston Koskenniemi-huoneessa. Kokoelmaan kuuluu n. 2800 nidettä, suurin osa kaunokirjallisuutta, erityisesti suomalainen lyriikka, kirjallisuudentutkimusta ja estetiikka. Kokoelmassa on runsaasti omistuskirjoituksia V. A. Koskenniemelle. Kokoelmassa on myös 10 kpl. V. A. Koskenniemen omaa käsikirjoitusta sidottuina. (käsikirjoitusliuskat sidottu kirjoiksi): Elegioja ynnä muita runoja. Teoksen käsikirjoitus. 120 s., Ilm. Kootut teokset I. Porvoo 1955, s. 145-243; Hannu. Erään nuoruuden runoelma. Teoksen käsikirjoitus. 73 s., ilm. WSOY, Porvoo 1913; Hiilivalkea. Teoksen käsikirjoitus. 57 s., Ilm. Kootut teokset I. Porvoo 1955, s. 93-144; Kevätilta Quartier Latinissa. Parisin muistelmia. Teoksen käsikirjoitus. 210 s., Ilm. Kootut teokset V. Porvoo 1955, s. 5-51; Konsuli Brennerin jälkikesä. Romaani. Teoksen käsikirjoitus. 259 s., Ilm. Kootut teokset IV. Porvoo 1955, s. 5-161; Lyyra ja paimenhuilu. Runosuomennoksia. Teoksen käsikirjoitus. 109 s., Ilm. Kootut teokset II. Porvoo 1955, s. 303-362; Nuori Anssi. Teoksen käsikirjoitus. 28 s., Ilm. nimellä Nuori Anssi Porvoo 1918 ja Kootut teokset II. Porvoo 1955, s. 283-301; Runon kaupunkeja ynnä muita kirjoitelmia. Teoksen käsikirjoitus. 330 s., Ilm. Kootut teokset V Porvoo 1955, s. 53-155; Sydän ja kuolema. Elegioja, lauluja ja epitaafeja. Teoksen käsikirjoitus. 105 s., Ilm. Kootut teokset I. Porvoo 1955, s. 203-243; Uusia runoja. Teoksen käsikirjoitus. 146 s., Ilm. Kootut teokset I, Porvoo 1955, s. 245-309. Kokoelma on osittain luetteloimaton, melkein 1300 nidettä löytyy Volter-tietokannasta.

Development of power flows around Baltic countries with new grid links

In the Thesis main focus is done on power flow development paths around the Baltic States as well as on market-based requirements for creation of the common Baltic electricity market. Current market regulations between the countries are presented; barriers for creating competitive common Baltic power market and for electricity trading with third countries are clarified; solutions are offered and corresponding road map is developed. Future power development paths around the Baltic States are analysed. For this purpose the 330 kV transmission grid of Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania is modelled in a power flow tool. Power flow calculations are carried out for winter and summer peak and off-peak load periods in 2020 with different combinations of interconnections. While carrying out power balance experiments several power flow patterns in the Baltic States are revealed. Conclusions are made about security of supply, grid congestion and transmission capacity availability for different scenarios.

Determinação eletroanalítica de corante reativo presente como contaminante em proteínas purificadas por cromatografia de afinidade

Procion Green HE-4BD is a reactive dye currently used in affinity purification, and commonly present as a contaminant in the final biological preparation. An assay method is described to determine trace amounts of the dye in the presence of human serum albumin(HSA) and leakage from agarose as affinity sorbent by cathodic stripping voltammetry. The proposed method is based on the reductive peak at -0.55V in B-R buffer pH 3 (E=0V and t= 240s), obtained when samples of HSA 2% (m/v) containing dye concentrations in sodium hydroxide pH 12 are submitted to a heating time of 330 min at 80 ºC. Linear calibration curves can be obtained for RG19 dye concentrations from 5x10-9 mol L-1 to 8 x10-8 mol L-1. The detection limit (3sigma) is 1x10-9 mol L-1.

Las tierras chaqueñas de Genara, hija de Carlos Casado del Alisal. El Chaco Paraguayo en el periodo de entreguerras (1870-1932. Segunda parte.

Genara Casado de Sastre apeló el fallo en el juicio que seguía contra la Sociedad Rosarina de Campos y Bosques por el lote 69 del Chaco Paraguayo. Pero los camaristas concluyeron que el causante del error había sido José Monte, quien al adquirir los lotes 70 a79 a nombre de Casado, había invadido tierras que no le correspondían, y vendido a Casado inmuebles ajenos, es decir, del Estado. La Cámara afirmó que 'el comprador Casado tampoco pudo transmitir válidamente á sus herederos unos derechos que en realidad no adquirió' hasta Puerto Max, y que 'con toda temeridad' se hizo descender la propiedad chaqueña de los Casado 2 leguas más abajo del Río Paraguay. Sentenció también que los conflictos de tierras entre las diversas empresas y propietarios era 'consecuencia de la enojosa trasposición de los mojones oficiales y judiciales', situación originada en la diversidad de valores aplicados en la medición. En efecto, la legua paragtraya debió haber sido fijada en los lotes de Casado en un equivalente a 5.000 varas o a 4.330 metros, cuando en realidad tenía 4.370 metros de ancho frente al río.

Calorimetry of hydrogen desorption from ɑ-Si nanoparticles

The process of hydrogen desorption from amorphous silicon (ɑ-Si) nanoparticles grown by plasmaenhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) has been analyzed by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), mass spectrometry, and infrared spectroscopy, with the aim of quantifying the energy exchanged. Two exothermic peaks centered at 330 and 410 °C have been detected with energies per H atom of about 50 meV. This value has been compared with the results of theoretical calculations and is found to agree with the dissociation energy of Si-H groups of about 3.25 eV per H atom, provided that the formation energy per dangling bond in ɑ-Si is about 1.15 eV. It is shown that this result is valid for ɑ-Si:H films, too

Sydänkesätärten laulu

Soitinnus: lauluääni, piano.

Merihistoria

Suomen Merimuseon merihistorian kokoelma on osa Tietokeskus Vellamon lainattavaa kokoelmaa, joka sijaitsee Merikeskus Vellamossa Kotkassa. Kokoelma koostuu runsaasta 6000 niteestä monografioita ja n. 100 jatkuvasta julkaisusta (tiedot maaliskuulta 2009). Merihistorian kokoelmaa kartutetaan erityisesti Suomen Merimuseon toimintaa tukevilta aloilta. Kokoelmaa on kartutettu pitkällä aikavälillä merenkulun ja sen historian eri aloilta. Suurimpia aihealueita ovat merenkulun historia, laivanrakennus, sotahistoria, vesiurheilu, saaristo- ja sisävesietnologia, merenkulkuoppi ja kauppamerenkulku. Kokoelmaan kuuluu myös merenkulun hallintoa ja merioikeutta, luotsi- ja majakkalaitosta ja satamia käsittelevää kirjallisuutta sekä purjehdusselostuksia ja alusten historiikkeja. Myös meriaiheista kaunokirjallisuutta, paikallishistorioita, yritysten ja yhdistysten historiikkeja sekä alan hakuteoksia ja kausijulkaisuja on runsaasti. Rariteetteja on huomattava määrä (n. 330 nidettä). Kokoelma on monikielistä. Suurimmat kieliryhmät ovat: englanti 28 %, suomi 27 %, ruotsi 25 % ja saksa 8 %. Muunkielistä aineistoa on 12 %. Kokoelma on ajallisesti laaja: uusinta, 1990-2000 –luvuilla julkaistua aineistoa on n. 25 %, mutta myös jo ennen 1950-lukua julkaistua kirjallisuutta on yli 30 %. Merihistorian kokoelma on osa Museoviraston kirjaston kokoelmia, mutta se on luetteloitu KYMI-tietokantaan kokoelman muutettua Kymenlaakson ammattikorkeakoulun merikirjaston ja Kymenlaakson museon käsikirjaston kanssa Tietokeskus Vellamoon. Kokoelman kirjoja ja lehtiä saa lainaan sekä Tietokeskus Vellamosta Kotkasta että Museoviraston kirjaston kautta Helsingistä.

De utilitate matheseos in oeconomia

Painovuosi nimekkeestä.

Le Constitutionnel : journal politique et littéraire

1816/11/25 (Numéro 330).