Estimation for the semipareto processes

This paper proposes different estimators for the parameters of SemiPareto and Pareto autoregressive minification processes The asymptotic properties of the estimators are established by showing that the SemiPareto process is α-mixing. Asymptotic variances of different moment and maximum likelihood estimators are compared.

Two Dimensional Large Amplitude Quasi Solitons in Thin Helium Films

Large amplitude local density fluctuations in a thin superfluid He film is considered. It is shown that these large amplitude fluctuations travel and behave like "quasi-solitons" under collision, even when the full nonlinearity arising from the Van der Waals potential is taken into account.

Nonparametric Estimation of the Average Availability

The average availability of a repairable system is the expected proportion of time that the system is operating in the interval [0, t]. The present article discusses the nonparametric estimation of the average availability when (i) the data on 'n' complete cycles of system operation are available, (ii) the data are subject to right censorship, and (iii) the process is observed upto a specified time 'T'. In each case, a nonparametric confidence interval for the average availability is also constructed. Simulations are conducted to assess the performance of the estimators.

Investment analysis of chemical projects and development of standerdised mathematical co-relation for cost estimation of pressure vessels in chemical industry

The present study is intended to provide a new scientific approach to the solution of the worlds cost engineering problems encountered in the chemical industries in our nation. The problem is that of cost estimation of equipments especially of pressure vessels when setting up chemical industries .The present study attempts to develop a model for such cost estimation. This in turn is hoped would go a long way to solve this and related problems in forecasting the cost of setting up chemical plants.

Nonparametric Estimation of Survivor Function in Bivariate Competing Risk Models’

So far, in the bivariate set up, the analysis of lifetime (failure time) data with multiple causes of failure is done by treating each cause of failure separately. with failures from other causes considered as independent censoring. This approach is unrealistic in many situations. For example, in the analysis of mortality data on married couples one would be interested to compare the hazards for the same cause of death as well as to check whether death due to one cause is more important for the partners’ risk of death from other causes. In reliability analysis. one often has systems with more than one component and many systems. subsystems and components have more than one cause of failure. Design of high-reliability systems generally requires that the individual system components have extremely high reliability even after long periods of time. Knowledge of the failure behaviour of a component can lead to savings in its cost of production and maintenance and. in some cases, to the preservation of human life. For the purpose of improving reliability. it is necessary to identify the cause of failure down to the component level. By treating each cause of failure separately with failures from other causes considered as independent censoring, the analysis of lifetime data would be incomplete. Motivated by this. we introduce a new approach for the analysis of bivariate competing risk data using the bivariate vector hazard rate of Johnson and Kotz (1975).

Estimation of temperature effects on fission barriers

An accurate mass formula at finite temperature has been used to obtain a more precise estimation of temperature effects on fission barriers calculated within the liquid drop model.

Estimation of Effective Impervious Surface Area of Cochin using Satellite Images

Urbanization refers to the process in which an increasing proportion of a population lives in cities and suburbs. Urbanization fuels the alteration of the Land use/Land cover pattern of the region including increase in built-up area, leading to imperviousness of the ground surface. With increasing urbanization and population pressures; the impervious areas in the cities are increasing fast. An impervious surface refers to an anthropogenic ally modified surface that prevents water from infiltrating into the soil. Surface imperviousness mapping is important for the studies related to water cycling, water quality, soil erosion, flood water drainage, non-point source pollution, urban heat island effect and urban hydrology. The present study estimates the Total Impervious Area (TIA) of the city of Kochi using high resolution satellite image (LISS IV, 5m. resolution). Additionally the study maps the Effective Impervious Area (EIA) by coupling the capabilities of GIS and Remote Sensing. Land use/Land cover map of the study area was prepared from the LISS IV image acquired for the year 2012. The classes were merged to prepare a map showing pervious and impervious area. Supervised Maximum Likelihood Classification (Supervised MLC),which is a simple but accurate method for image classification, is used in calculating TIA and an overall classification accuracy of 86.33% was obtained. Water bodies are 100% pervious, whereas urban built up area are 100% impervious. Further based on percentage of imperviousness, the Total Impervious Area is categorized into various classes

Reliable and Damage-Free Estimation of Resistivity of ZnO Thin Films for Photovoltaic Applications Using Photoluminescence Technique

This work projects photoluminescence (PL) as an alternative technique to estimate the order of resistivity of zinc oxide (ZnO) thin films. ZnO thin films, deposited using chemical spray pyrolysis (CSP) by varying the deposition parameters like solvent, spray rate, pH of precursor, and so forth, have been used for this study. Variation in the deposition conditions has tremendous impact on the luminescence properties as well as resistivity. Two emissions could be recorded for all samples—the near band edge emission (NBE) at 380 nm and the deep level emission (DLE) at ∼500 nm which are competing in nature. It is observed that the ratio of intensities of DLE to NBE ( DLE/ NBE) can be reduced by controlling oxygen incorporation in the sample. - measurements indicate that restricting oxygen incorporation reduces resistivity considerably. Variation of DLE/ NBE and resistivity for samples prepared under different deposition conditions is similar in nature. DLE/ NBE was always less than resistivity by an order for all samples.Thus from PL measurements alone, the order of resistivity of the samples can be estimated.

Reliability Estimation of Open Source Software based Computational Systems

Software systems are progressively being deployed in many facets of human life. The implication of the failure of such systems, has an assorted impact on its customers. The fundamental aspect that supports a software system, is focus on quality. Reliability describes the ability of the system to function under specified environment for a specified period of time and is used to objectively measure the quality. Evaluation of reliability of a computing system involves computation of hardware and software reliability. Most of the earlier works were given focus on software reliability with no consideration for hardware parts or vice versa. However, a complete estimation of reliability of a computing system requires these two elements to be considered together, and thus demands a combined approach. The present work focuses on this and presents a model for evaluating the reliability of a computing system. The method involves identifying the failure data for hardware components, software components and building a model based on it, to predict the reliability. To develop such a model, focus is given to the systems based on Open Source Software, since there is an increasing trend towards its use and only a few studies were reported on the modeling and measurement of the reliability of such products. The present work includes a thorough study on the role of Free and Open Source Software, evaluation of reliability growth models, and is trying to present an integrated model for the prediction of reliability of a computational system. The developed model has been compared with existing models and its usefulness of is being discussed.

FEM based Virtual Prototyping and Design of Third Harmonic Excitation System for Low Voltage Brushless Alternators

Salient pole brushless alternators coupled to IC engines are extensively used as stand-by power supply units for meeting in- dustrial power demands. Design of such generators demands high power to weight ratio, high e ciency and low cost per KVA out- put. Moreover, the performance characteristics of such machines like voltage regulation and short circuit ratio (SCR) are critical when these machines are put into parallel operation and alterna- tors for critical applications like defence and aerospace demand very low harmonic content in the output voltage. While designing such alternators, accurate prediction of machine characteristics, including total harmonic distortion (THD) is essential to mini- mize development cost and time. Total harmonic distortion in the output voltage of alternators should be as low as possible especially when powering very sophis- ticated and critical applications. The output voltage waveform of a practical AC generator is replica of the space distribution of the ux density in the air gap and several factors such as shape of the rotor pole face, core saturation, slotting and style of coil disposition make the realization of a sinusoidal air gap ux wave impossible. These ux harmonics introduce undesirable e ects on the alternator performance like high neutral current due to triplen harmonics, voltage distortion, noise, vibration, excessive heating and also extra losses resulting in poor e ciency, which in turn necessitate de-rating of the machine especially when connected to non-linear loads. As an important control unit of brushless alternator, the excitation system and its dynamic performance has a direct impact on alternator's stability and reliability. The thesis explores design and implementation of an excitation i system utilizing third harmonic ux in the air gap of brushless al- ternators, using an additional auxiliary winding, wound for 1=3rd pole pitch, embedded into the stator slots and electrically iso- lated from the main winding. In the third harmonic excitation system, the combined e ect of two auxiliary windings, one with 2=3rd pitch and another third harmonic winding with 1=3rd pitch, are used to ensure good voltage regulation without an electronic automatic voltage regulator (AVR) and also reduces the total harmonic content in the output voltage, cost e ectively. The design of the third harmonic winding by analytic methods demands accurate calculation of third harmonic ux density in the air gap of the machine. However, precise estimation of the amplitude of third harmonic ux in the air gap of a machine by conventional design procedures is di cult due to complex geome- try of the machine and non-linear characteristics of the magnetic materials. As such, prediction of the eld parameters by conven- tional design methods is unreliable and hence virtual prototyping of the machine is done to enable accurate design of the third har- monic excitation system. In the design and development cycle of electrical machines, it is recognized that the use of analytical and experimental methods followed by expensive and in exible prototyping is time consum- ing and no longer cost e ective. Due to advancements in com- putational capabilities over recent years, nite element method (FEM) based virtual prototyping has become an attractive al- ternative to well established semi-analytical and empirical design methods as well as to the still popular trial and error approach followed by the costly and time consuming prototyping. Hence, by virtually prototyping the alternator using FEM, the important performance characteristics of the machine are predicted. Design of third harmonic excitation system is done with the help of results obtained from virtual prototype of the machine. Third harmonic excitation (THE) system is implemented in a 45 KVA ii experimental machine and experiments are conducted to validate the simulation results. Simulation and experimental results show that by utilizing third harmonic ux in the air gap of the ma- chine for excitation purposes during loaded conditions, triplen harmonic content in the output phase voltage is signi cantly re- duced. The prototype machine with third harmonic excitation system designed and developed based on FEM analysis proved to be economical due to its simplicity and has the added advan- tage of reduced harmonics in the output phase voltage.

Über den Einfluss von Neuropeptid Y auf die Amplitude und die Entladungsrate axonterminaler Aktionspotenziale retinaler Ganglienzellen der Klasse R2 und R3 im Tectum opticum während visueller Stimulation der Rotbauchunke Bombina orientalis

Neuropeptid Y (NPY) ist ein potenter Neurotransmitter im zentralen und peripheren Nervensystem der Mammalia. Es ist an der Regulation einer Vielzahl von physiologischen Prozessen beteiligt und scheint auch im retino-tectalen Transfer des visuellen Systems von Anuren eine zentrale Funktion einzunehmen. Die Retina bildet die erste Funktionseinheit bei der Verarbeitung visuellen Inputs. Für die Weiterverarbeitung sind primär das Tectum opticum (TO) und das Praetectum verantwortlich. Es gilt als wahrscheinlich, dass der praetecto-tectale Transfer durch NPY inhibitorisch moduliert wird und damit wesentlichen Einfluss auf die visuelle Mustererkennung und die Dämpfung der tectalen Erregungsausbreitung hat. Die Applikation von NPY auf die Tectumoberfläche schwächt die anfängliche Erregungswelle visuell evozierter Feldpotenziale stark ab und NPY könnte somit Einfluss auf die Axonendknoten retinaler Ganglienzellen des Typs R2, R3 und auch R4 haben. Es können jedoch keine detaillierten Aussagen gemacht werden welche Neuronen in welchem Umfang daran beteiligt sind. Im Rahmen meiner Arbeit, sollte der Einfluss von NPY auf die Spike-Amplitude und die Spike-Rate retinaler Ganglienzellen R2 und R3 bei Bombina orientalis analysiert werden, da diese den größten Input bei der visuellen Mustererkennung liefern und unterschiedliche Funktionen in diesem neuronalen Netzwerk haben. Hierzu wurden visuell evozierte Aktionspotenziale von R2 und R3 Neuronen im TO von Bombina orientalis abgeleitet und mit Hilfe der Analysesoftware Spike 2 bearbeitet und analysiert. Es konnte nachgewiesen werden, dass die Spike-Amplituden der R2 Neuronen 20 min nach NPY Applikation auf die Tectumoberfläche reduziert werden. Nach einer Erholungsphase 10 min nach Beenden der NPY-Applikation konnte ein Wiederanstieg der Spike-Amplituden gemessen werden, 20 min nach Beenden der NPY-Applikation kam es zu einem Abfall der Spike-Amplituden dessen Ursache unbekannt ist. Ob es ein Artefakt ist oder ob es sich hierbei um einen spezifischen Effekt von R2 Neuronen handelt muss noch geklärt werden. Die Spike-Amplituden der R3 Neuronen waren bereits 10 min nach NPY-Applikation reduziert, ein weitere Abfall der Spike-Amplituden konnte nicht verzeichnet werden. 10 min nach Beenden der NPY-Applikation konnte ein Anstieg der Spike-Amplituden verzeichnet werden, der sich stetig fortsetzte. Bei beiden Neuronentypen wurden 20 min nach Beenden der NPY-Applikation Spike-Amplituden nahe der Ausgangsamplitudenhöhe gemessen. Aufgrund des Verlaufes der R3 Neuronen ist davon auszugehen, dass die Feldpotenziale eher durch R3 Neuronen als durch R2 Neuronen beeinflusst werden, da er dem der Feldpotenziale gleicht. Auch bei der Untersuchung der Spike-Raten konnte eine Beeinflussung durch NPY nachgewiesen werden. Die R2 Neuronen zeigten 10 min nach NPY-Applikation einen Abfall der Spike-Raten der sich nach 20 min weiter fortsetzte. 10 min nach Beenden der NPY-Applikation konnte ein Wiederanstieg der Spike-Raten verzeichnet werden der sich stetig fortsetzte, die Werte blieben jedoch deutlich unter den gemessenen Ausgangswerten ohne eine NPY-Beeinflussung. Bei den R3 Neuronen konnte ein Abfall der Spike-Raten deutlich zeitverzögert nachgewiesen werden. 20 min nach Beenden der NPY-Applikation konnte ein Anstieg der Spike-Rate verzeichnet werden, jedoch gab es keine signifikanten Unterschiede der Spike-Raten zu den Werten ohne NPY-Beeinflussung. Der Vergleich der R2 und R3 Neuronen zeigt, dass bei den der R2 Neuronen ein schnellerer Effekt von NPY nachweisbar ist als die den R3 Neuronen. Aufgrund der von mir nachgewiesene NPY-induzierte Spike-Amplitudenabnahme retinaler R2 und R3 Neuronen muss davon ausgegangen werden, dass die Reduktion der Feldpotential durch NPY eher auf den Einfluss anderer Neuronen als R2 und R3 Neuronen zurückzuführen ist. Weder bei den R2 noch bei den R3 Neuronen konnte eine so schnelle und so starke Beeinflussung der Spike- Amplituden verzeichnet werden. Weiterhin zeigen meine Ergebnisse neuronale Bestätigung der von Funke 2005 beschrieben geringeren Strahlungsintensität sowie der geringeren Glukosemetabolisierung bei der 14C-2-Desoxyglukose Technik. Dies ist in der Form nur auf den Einfluss von R2 und R3 Neuronen zurückzuführen. Die von mir erzielten Ergebnisse stützen die Hypothese, dass NPY den retino-tectalen Signaltransfer inhibitorisch steuert einhergehend mit einer reduzierten Ausschüttung des praetectotectalen Transmitters Glutamat und weisen darauf hin, dass NPY über zwei verschiedene second-messenger vermittelte Prozesse diesen Signaltransfer steuert. Interessant ist in diesem Zusammenhang, dass diese nachhaltige Beeinflussung der visuellen Informationsverarbeitung durch NPY bei Bombina orientalis einem phylogenetisch basalen Vertreter der Anuren nachgewiesen werden konnte. Dies lässt den Schluss zu, dass solche grundlegenden neurochemischen Effekte des retino-tectalen Informationsgefüges evolutionär konserviert sind.

Estimation of the ground state correlation energy for isoelectronic series of 2 to 20 electrons

Correlation energies for all isoelectronic sequences of 2 to 20 electrons and Z = 2 to 25 are obtained by taking differences between theoretical total energies of Dirac-Fock calculations and experimental total energies. These are pure relativistic correlation energies because relativistic and QED effects are already taken care of. The theoretical as well as the experimental values are analysed critically in order to get values as accurate as possible. The correlation energies obtained show an essentially consistent behaviour from Z = 2 to 17. For Z > 17 inconsistencies occur indicating errors in the experimental values which become very large for Z > 25.