Policiais dizem não ter recebido treinamento para lidar com black blocs, segundo survey

Policiais militares e civis consideram não ter recebido orientações e treinamento adequados para lidar com as manifestações e enfrentar os black blocs, segundo pesquisa realizada pela DAPP. De acordo com a websurvey 63% dos profissionais afirmam não possuir o preparo necessário para enfrentar ao manifestantes adeptos à tática de manifestação, contra 24% que dizem se considerar preparados. A pesquisa foi realizada pela internet no mês de dezembro e ouviu 5.304 de policiais civis e militares de todo o Brasil.

The possibility of primordial black hole direct detection

This thesis explores the possibility of directly detecting blackbody emission from Primordial Black Holes (PBHs). A PBH might form when a cosmological density uctuation with wavenumber k, that was once stretched to scales much larger than the Hubble radius during ination, reenters inside the Hubble radius at some later epoch. By modeling these uctuations with a running{tilt power{law spectrum (n(k) = n0 + a1(k)n1 + a2(k)n2 + a3(k)n3; n0 = 0:951; n1 = ????0:055; n2 and n3 unknown) each pair (n2,n3) gives a di erent n(k) curve with a maximum value (n+) located at some instant (t+). The (n+,t+) parameter space [(1:20,10????23 s) to (2:00,109 s)] has t+ = 10????23 s{109 s and n+ = 1:20{2:00 in order to encompass the formation of PBHs in the mass range 1015 g{1010M (from the ones exploding at present to the most massive known). It was evenly sampled: n+ every 0.02; t+ every order of magnitude. We thus have 41 33 = 1353 di erent cases. However, 820 of these ( 61%) are excluded (because they would provide a PBH population large enough to close the Universe) and we are left with 533 cases for further study. Although only sub{stellar PBHs ( 1M ) are hot enough to be detected at large distances we studied PBHs with 1015 g{1010M and determined how many might have formed and still exist in the Universe. Thus, for each of the 533 (n+,t+) pairs we determined the fraction of the Universe going into PBHs at each epoch ( ), the PBH density parameter (PBH), the PBH number density (nPBH), the total number of PBHs in the Universe (N), and the distance to the nearest one (d). As a rst result, 14% of these (72 cases) give, at least, one PBH within the observable Universe, one{third being sub{stellar and the remaining evenly spliting into stellar, intermediate mass and supermassive. Secondly, we found that the nearest stellar mass PBH might be at 32 pc, while the nearest intermediate mass and supermassive PBHs might be 100 and 1000 times farther, respectively. Finally, for 6% of the cases (four in 72) we might have substellar mass PBHs within 1 pc. One of these cases implies a population of 105 PBHs, with a mass of 1018 g(similar to Halley's comet), within the Oort cloud, which means that the nearest PBH might be as close as 103 AU. Such a PBH could be directly detected with a probability of 10????21 (cf. 10????32 for low{energy neutrinos). We speculate in this possibility.

Biofertilizer for control of Guignardia citricarpa, the causal agent of citrus black spot

Biofertilizers generated from the anaerobic and aerobic digestion of cattle manure, known as Bio1 and Bio2, respectively, were studied with regard to their microbial composition and effect on the mycelial growth of Phyllosticta citricarpa, the causal agent of citrus black spot (CBS). Two field experiments were conducted to determine the biofertilizer's potential (Bio1) in controlling CBS (2001/2002 and 2002/2003 crops). It was observed that the greatest number of microorganisms was found in the aerobically produced biofertilizer. Bio2 did not inhibit the mycelial growth of P. citricarpa. Mycelial growth of P. citricarpa was inversely proportional to the Bio1 biofertilizer concentration. In the 2001/2002 cropping season, the Biol effect in controlling CBS was directly proportional to its concentration, at the rate of 0 (healthy fruit), with R-2 = 0.88. Biol had a significant effect in controlling CBS, at a concentration of 10%, during the 2001/2002 cropping season, with DI values of 0.246 and 0.229 for the. 10 and 20% doses, respectively, compared to DI of 0.329 for the control. A directly proportional effect of the biofertilizer concentration on the percentage of fruits with a rating of zero was. also observed in the 2002/2003 cropping season, with R-2 = 0.48. However, even at doses higher than in the preceding cropping season, the biofertilizer was less effective, possibly due to a higher occurrence of the disease. Copper oxychloride and combined applications of copper oxychloride and carbendazim plus mancozeb controlled the disease. The possibility of using the biofertilizer as a protective biofungicide to replace copper oxychloride, especially in organic agriculture, should be explored. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

The effects of inter-crop cultivation Between rows of citrus crop on spreading of Guignardia citricarpa Ascospores and in the citrus black spot occurrence

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Postharvest harpin or Bacillus thuringiensis treatments suppress citrus black spot in 'Valencia' oranges

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

A new method for inoculation of fruit with Guignardia citricarpa, the causal agent of citrus black spot

Citrus black spot (CBS) is a fungal disease, caused by Guignardia citricarpa, that has a high economic impact on citrus. Although G. citricarpa has been associated with black spot of citrus, an adequate pathogenicity test is still not available. Thus, our objective was to develop and evaluate a simple, safe, and practical pathogenicity test. We used fruits from Pera-Rio and Valencia sweet orange trees from two different orchards, located in the State of São Paulo, Brazil. Inoculation was performed by placing six disks colonized by G. citricarpa, onto the peel of healthy fruits, previously bagged. In the Pera-Rio sweet orange grove, initial symptoms of the false melanose type resulting from the inoculations were observed 55 days after inoculation (dai). In the Valencia grove, initial symptoms also of the false melanose type resulting from the inoculations occurred 73 dai. A total of 92.8% and 86.6% of the Pera Rio and Valencia fruits inoculated, respectively, showed symptoms of CBS. Citrus black spot symptoms were not observed in any of the control fruits.

Acceleration of the decomposition of Sicilian lemon leaves as an auxiliary measure in the control of citrus black spot

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Genetic Diversity and Population Differentiation of the Causal Agent of Citrus Black Spot in Brazil

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Relationship of black layer and milk line development on maize seed maturity

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Feeding substrates to black coconut bunch weevil, Homalinotus coriaceus (Gyllenhal) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), rearing in laboratory

A broca do cacho do coqueiro, Homalinotus coriaceus (Gyllenhal), é uma praga limitante da produção de coco no Brasil, sendo que tanto as larvas como os adultos provocam a queda das flores femininas e dos frutos imaturos, pela interceptação do fluxo de seiva ou pela alimentação direta nas estruturas reprodutivas. em virtude da escassez de informações sobre sua biologia, realizou-se esse trabalho com o objetivo de desenvolver uma metodologia mais adequada para a criação da praga em laboratório. Foram utilizados os parâmetros biológicos para avaliação e comparação dos sistemas de criação estudados.Toletes de cana-de-açúcar foram utilizados como substrato para alimentação dos adultos coletados no campo e obtenção dos ovos. As larvas foram criadas em três substratos alimentares no Laboratório de Entomologia da Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária (EMBRAPA)-CPATC (Centro de Pesquisa Agropecuária dos Tabuleiros Costeiros), em Aracaju, SE. Os substratos alimentares estudados foram: o mesocarpo do coco, dieta para criação da broca dos citros e dieta para criação da broca do olho do coqueiro, sendo esta a que proporcionou o melhor desenvolvimento larval num menor tempo, com boa viabilidade, maior facilidade no preparo e manutenção.

Pyrolysis and auto-gasification of black liquor in presence of ZnO: An integrated process for Zn/ZnO nanostructure production and bioenergy generation

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

HOW FAR do WE GET USING MACHINE LEARNING BLACK-BOXES?

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

An investigation on parallel, divergent and convergent acetylene dual jet diffusion flames

Results are presented and discussed of an experimental investigation on acetylene turbulent dual jet diffusion flames. The study includes parameters of flames in parallel, divergent and convergent configurations. Tests with two parallel jets with addition of helium in the fuel stream were also performed and analysed. The variation of overall flame length and of other name physical characteristics, such as width, volume and conditions for lifting, are presented as functions of burner tip Reynolds number, jet distance from each other and inclination angle. The effects of diluent concentration in the fuel gas stream are presented for single and two parallel jets. (C) 1999 Elsevier B.V. Ltd.

Schwarzschild generalized black hole horizon and the embedding space

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Black string corrections in variable tension braneworld scenarios

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)