Patterns of sex work contact among men in the general population of Switzerland, 1987-2000

OBJECTIVES: To analyse the prevalence of lifetime recourse to prostitution (LRP) among men in the general population of Switzerland from a trend and cohort perspective. METHODS: Using nine repeated representative cross-sectional surveys from 1987 to 2000, age-specific estimates of LRP were computed. Trends and period effect were analysed as the evolution of cross-sectional population estimates within age groups and overall. Cohort analysis relied on cohorts constructed from the 1989 survey and followed in subsequent waves. Age and cohort effects were modelled using logistic regression and non-parametric monotone regression. RESULTS: Whereas prevalence for the younger groups was found to be logically lower, there was no consistent increasing or decreasing trend over the years; there was no significant period effect. For the 17-30 year age group, the mean estimate over 1987-2000 was 11.5% (range 8.3 to 12.7%); for the 31-45 year group, the mean was 21.5% (range over 1989-2000 20.3 to 23.0%). Regarding cohort analysis, the prevalence of LRP was found to increase steeply in the youngest ages before reaching a plateau near the age of 40 years. At the age of 43 years, the prevalence was estimated to be 22.6% (95% CI 21.1% to 24.1%). CONCLUSIONS: The steep increase in the cohort-wise prevalence of LRP in younger ages calls for a concentration of prevention activities in young people. If the plateauing at approximately 40 years of age is not followed by a further increase later in life, which is not known, then consumers of paid sex would be repeat buyers only, a fact that should be taken into account by prevention.

Productivity in southern European small firms: When and how work organization complements process innovation

The aim of this paper is to analyse the effects of human capital, advanced manufacturing technologies (AMT), and new work organizational practices on firm productivity, while taking into account the synergies existing between them. This study expands current knowledge in this area in two ways. First, in contrast with previous works, we focus on AMT and not ICT (information and communication technologies). Second, we use a unique employer-employee data set for small firms in a particular area of southern Europe (Catalonia, Spain). Using a small firm data set, allows us to analyse the particular case of small and medium enterprises, since we cannot assume they have the same characteristics as large firms. The results provide evidence in favor of the complementarity hypothesis between human capital, advanced manufacturing technologies, and new work organization practices, although we show that the complementarity effects depend on what type of work organization practices are used by a firm. For small and medium Catalan firms, the only set of work organization practices that improve the benefits of human capital and technology investment are those practices which are more quality oriented, such as quality circles, problem-solving groups or total quality management.

Contextualizing the impact of work organization on employee satisfaction

The paper assesses the relationship between the use of alternative workplace practices (AWP) and job satisfaction. Using a unique employeremployee data set with rich information on both firm and employee characteristics we test whether there is a positive impact of AWPs on job satisfaction (motivation hypothesis) or it is negative (intensification hypothesis). We expand a growing empirical literature focusing on small and medium size firms from a southern European area. Our results show an overall positive effect, depending on the specific practice considered. We also obtain some sort of time-dependence with the effects turning from negative to positive once the practice has been implemented for some time. Keywords: Job satisfaction, work organization, unobserved heterogeneity.

Problemes derivats de la incidència de les normes europees en el Dret penal dels Estats membres

Projecte de recerca elaborat a partir d’una estada al Universitat de Bonn, Alemanya, entre juliol i desembre del 2008. Aquesta investigació conté algunes observacions sobre el fenomen de l’europeització del Dret penal dels Estats membres de la Unió Europea. En particular, tracta de profunditzar en les implicacions de la vinculació del legislador penal nacional tant a les regulacions europees com al principi de proporcionalitat i d’altres principis essencials del Dret penal. En primer lloc, la investigació descriu els instruments normatius que permeten a la Comunitat Europea i a la Unió Europea influir en el Dret penal dels Estats membres. Després, la investigació se centra en analitzar el exemple dels §§ 232 i 233 Codi penal alemany, els quals implementen la Decisió marc de 19 de juliol del 2002 respecte la lluita contra el tràfic d’éssers humans. En aquest cas, el legislador alemany ha complit els seus compromisos europeus, però no ha respectat el principi de proporcionalitat, ja que ha introduït incoherències dins el Dret penal alemany. Sobre la base dels resultats d’aquest anàlisi, aquesta investigació formula algunes propostes per una adequada “europeització” del Dret penal dels Estats membres de la Unió Europea i, en particular, per a una adequada tècnica legislativa dels Estats membres. En aquest context, el treball emfatitza la corresponsabilitat de la Comunitat Europea i la Unió Europea, per una banda, i els Estats membres, per l’altra, en aquest procés d’europeització. Per últim, la investigació conclou amb algunes observacions sobre la coordinació de la política criminal europea amb les polítiques criminals dels Estats membres.

Degree in Social Work Incentive Scheme 2006 (PDF 45 KB)

Student Bursaries Incentive Scheme

Reform of Professional Social Work Training (PDF 124 KB)

Issues Paper: Practice Learning

Report: Access to the New Social Work Degree for Relevant Graduate in Northern Ireland (PDF 36 KB)

Report: Access to the New Social Work Degree for Relevant Graduate in Northern Ireland

Review of the Diploma in Social Work (JM Consulting Report) (PDF 97 KB)

Review of the Diploma in Social Work (JM Consulting Report)

Proposed Consultation on Implementation of the EC Directive on the Protection of Young People at Work (94/33) (PDF 114 KB)

Proposed Consultation on Implementation of the EC Directive on the Protection of Young People at Work (94/33)