We do the work you enjoy the trip

kuv., 10 x 21 cm

We do the work you enjoy the trip

kuv., 10 x 21 cm

Adult education policy in the European Union during the Lisbon decade : the shift to vocational adult learning and work skills matching

This doctoral dissertation investigates the adult education policy of the European Union (EU) in the framework of the Lisbon agenda 2000���2010, with a particular focus on the changes of policy orientation that occurred during this reference decade. The year 2006 can be considered, in fact, a turning point for the EU policy-making in the adult learning sector: a radical shift from a wide--ranging and comprehensive conception of educating adults towards a vocationally oriented understanding of this field and policy area has been observed, in particular in the second half of the so--called ���Lisbon decade���. In this light, one of the principal objectives of the mainstream policy set by the Lisbon Strategy, that of fostering all forms of participation of adults in lifelong learning paths, appears to have muted its political background and vision in a very short period of time, reflecting an underlying polarisation and progressive transformation of European policy orientations. Hence, by means of content analysis and process tracing, it is shown that the new target of the EU adult education policy, in this framework, has shifted from citizens to workers, and the competence development model, borrowed from the corporate sector, has been established as the reference for the new policy road maps. This study draws on the theory of governance architectures and applies a post-ontological perspective to discuss whether the above trends are intrinsically due to the nature of the Lisbon Strategy, which encompasses education policies, and to what extent supranational actors and phenomena such as globalisation influence the European governance and decision--making. Moreover, it is shown that the way in which the EU is shaping the upgrading of skills and competences of adult learners is modeled around the needs of the ���knowledge economy���, thus according a great deal of importance to the ���new skills for new jobs��� and perhaps not enough to life skills in its broader sense which include, for example, social and civic competences: these are actually often promoted but rarely implemented in depth in the EU policy documents. In this framework, it is conveyed how different EU policy areas are intertwined and interrelated with global phenomena, and it is emphasised how far the building of the EU education systems should play a crucial role in the formation of critical thinking, civic competences and skills for a sustainable democratic citizenship, from which a truly cohesive and inclusive society fundamentally depend, and a model of environmental and cosmopolitan adult education is proposed in order to address the challenges of the new millennium. In conclusion, an appraisal of the EU���s public policy, along with some personal thoughts on how progress might be pursued and actualised, is outlined.

���Development work thesis��� as a tool for continuing professional education

Julkaisumaa: 158 TW TWN Taiwan

Scientific creativity and diversity of physical work environment: framework development

The aim of this research was to develop a framework to analyze how physical environment influences scientific creativity. Due to the relative novelty of this topic, there is still a gap in the unified method to study connection between physical environment and creativity. Therefore, in order to study this issue deeply, the qualitative method was used (interviews and qualitative questionnaire). Scientists (PhD students and senior researchers) of Graduate School of Management were interviewed to build the model and one expert interview was conducted to assess its validity. The model highlights several dimensions via which physical environment can influence scientific creativity: Comfort, Instruments and Diversity. Comfort and Instruments are considered to be related mostly to productivity, an initial requirement for creativity, while Diversity is the factor responsible for supporting all the stages of scientific creative process. Thus, creative physical environment is not one place by its nature, but an aggregative phenomenon. Due to two levels of analysis, the model is named the two-level model of creative physical environment.

Current State of Repository Interoperability: Work by the Confederation of Open Access Repositories (COAR)

Panel at Open Repositories 2014, Helsinki, Finland, June 9-13, 2014

Let's do data research work: the creation of a portal with research information from Catalan Universities

Presentation at Open Repositories 2014, Helsinki, Finland, June 9-13, 2014

Connections that work ��� Linked Open Data demystified

Esitys Kirjastoverkkop��ivill�� 22.10.2014 Helsingiss�� ��� Presentation of Jakob Vo�� at the Library Network Days, October 22, 2014 in Helsinki.

Work and non-work : on work and meaning

I den politiska retoriken florerar debattinl��gg om arbetslivet, och m��ls��ttningen ��r f��r det mesta att s�� m��nga som m��jligt ska arbeta s�� l��nge som m��jligt. Att skapa jobb och minimera arbetsl��sheten ses som de fr��msta utmaningarna. P�� ett individuellt plan beskrivs arbete ofta som personligt sj��lvf��rverkligande eller som en n��dv��ndig form av inkomst som kr��ver att livet struktureras enligt behovet av syssels��ttning. I avhandlingen diskuteras hur de h��r till synes sj��lvklara rollerna som arbete spelar kan s��gas neutralisera arbete. Med detta menas att kontroverser kring arbetets mening ��sidos��tts s�� att politiskt och etiskt grundl��ggande fr��gor om ett gott liv och m��nskliga gemenskaper inte ges plats. Genom att g�� i dialog med kritiska t��nkare som Hannah Arendt, Andr�� Gorz, Kathi Weeks, Karl Marx och Richard Sennett diskuteras riskerna med att behandla arbete som en resurs, ett gemensamt samh��llsprojekt eller individuellt sj��lvf��rverkligande. Vad ��r n��dv��ndigt arbete? Vad inneb��r det att arbete ��r en vara? Vad ��r problemet med fragmentering av arbete? Det s��gs ofta att arbete har blivit alltmer gr��nsl��st ��� ��r detta n��got positivt eller negativt? Utifr��n s��dana fr��gor tar avhandlingen fasta p�� sp��nningar i arbetets roll i v��ra liv och i samh��llet. Genom att artikulera sp��nningar utmanas en neutralisering av arbetets etiskt och politiskt br��nnbara dimensioner. Avhandlingen syftar d��rmed till att lyfta fram st��ndigt p��g��ende s��tt att ifr��gas��tta och reflektera kring arbetets mening.

How computer programmers work : understanding software development in practise

Hur arbetar en framg��ngsrik programmerare? Uppgifterna att programmera datorspel och att programmera industriella, s��kerhetskritiska system verkar t��mligen olika. Genom en noggrann empirisk unders��kning j��mf��r och kontrasterar avhandlingen dessa tv�� former av programmering och visar att programmering innefattar mer ��n teknisk f��rm��ga. Med utg��ngspunkt i hermeneutisk och retorisk teori och med hj��lp av b��de kulturvetenskap och datavetenskap visar avhandlingen att programmerarnas tradition och v��rderingar ��r grundl��ggande f��r deras arbete, och att b��da sorter av programmering kan uppfattas och analyseras genom klassisk texttolkningstradition. Dessutom kan datorprogram betraktas och analyseras med hj��lp av klassiska teorier om talproduktion i praktiken - program ses d�� i detta sammanhang som ett slags yttranden. Allt som allt f��respr��kar avhandlingen en ��terkomst till vetenskapens grunder, vilka inneb��r en st��ndig och oupph��rlig cyklisk r��relse mellan att erfara och att f��rst��. Detta st��r i kontrast till en reduktionistisk syn p�� vetenskapen, som skiljer skarpt mellan subjektivt och objektivt, och p�� s�� s��tt utg��r fr��n m��jligheten att uppn�� fullst��ndigt vetande. Ofullst��ndigt vetande ��r tolkandets och hermeneutikens dom��n. Syftet med avhandlingen ��r att med hj��lp av exempel demonstrera programmeringens kulturella, hermeneutiska och retoriska natur.

Sleep, ageing and night work

Studies have shown that the frequency or worsening of sleep disorders tends to increase with age and that the ability to perform circadian adjustments tends to decrease in individuals who work the night shift. This condition can cause consequences such as excessive sleepiness, which are often a factor in accidents that occur at work. The present study investigated the effects of age on the daytime and nighttime sleep patterns using polysomnography (PSG) of long-haul bus drivers working fixed night or day shifts. A total of 124 drivers, free of sleep disorders and grouped according to age (<45 years, N = 85, and &#8805;45 years, N = 39) and PSG timing (daytime (D) PSG, N = 60; nighttime (N) PSG, N = 64) participated in the study. We observed a significant effect of bedtime (D vs N) and found that the length of daytime sleep was shorter [D: <45 years (336.10 �� 73.75 min) vs N: <45 years (398 �� 78.79 min) and D: &#8805;45 years (346.57 �� 43.17 min) vs N: &#8805;45 years (386.44 �� 52.92 min); P &#8804; 0.05]. Daytime sleep was less efficient compared to nighttime sleep [D: <45 years (78.86 �� 13.30%) vs N: <45 years (86.45 �� 9.77%) and D: &#8805;45 years (79.89 �� 9.45%) and N: &#8805;45 years (83.13 �� 9.13%); P &#8804; 0.05]. An effect of age was observed for rapid eye movement sleep [D: <45 years (18.05 �� 6.12%) vs D: &#8805;45 years (15.48 �� 7.11%) and N: <45 years (23.88 �� 6.75%) vs N: &#8805;45 years (20.77 �� 5.64%); P &#8804; 0.05], which was greater in younger drivers. These findings are inconsistent with the notion that older night workers are more adversely affected than younger night workers by the challenge of attempting to rest during the day.

Relationship between work rate and oxygen uptake in mitochondrial myopathy during ramp-incremental exercise

We determined the response characteristics and functional correlates of the dynamic relationship between the rate (&#916;) of oxygen consumption ( <img border=0 width=11 height=13 src="548_files/image001.gif" v:shapes="_x0000_i1188">O2) and the applied power output (work rate = WR) during ramp-incremental exercise in patients with mitochondrial myopathy (MM). Fourteen patients (7 males, age 35.4 �� 10.8 years) with biopsy-proven MM and 10 sedentary controls (6 males, age 29.0 �� 7.8 years) took a ramp-incremental cycle ergometer test for the determination of the <img border=0 width=11 height=13 src="548_files/image001.gif" v:shapes="_x0000_i1189">O2 on-exercise mean response time (MRT) and the gas exchange threshold (GET). The &#916;<img border=0 width=11 height=13 src="548_files/image001.gif" v:shapes="_x0000_i1190">O2/&#916;WR slope was calculated up to GET (S1), above GET (S2) and over the entire linear portion of the response (S T). Knee muscle endurance was measured by isokinetic dynamometry. As expected, peak <img border=0 width=11 height=13 src="548_files/image001.gif" v:shapes="_x0000_i1191">O2 and muscle performance were lower in patients than controls (P < 0.05). Patients had significantly lower &#916;<img border=0 width=11 height=13 src="548_files/image001.gif" v:shapes="_x0000_i1192">O2/&#916;WR than controls, especially the S2 component (6.8 �� 1.5 vs 10.3 �� 0.6 mL��min-1��W-1, respectively; P < 0.001). There were significant relationships between &#916;<img border=0 width=11 height=13 src="548_files/image001.gif" v:shapes="_x0000_i1193">O2/&#916;WR (S T) and muscle endurance, MRT-<img border=0 width=11 height=13 src="548_files/image001.gif" v:shapes="_x0000_i1194">O2, GET and peak <img border=0 width=11 height=13 src="548_files/image001.gif" v:shapes="_x0000_i1195">O2 in MM patients (P < 0.05). In fact, all patients with &#916;<img border=0 width=11 height=13 src="548_files/image001.gif" v:shapes="_x0000_i1196">O2/&#916;WR below 8 mL��min-1��W-1 had severely reduced peak <img border=0 width=11 height=13 src="548_files/image001.gif" v:shapes="_x0000_i1197">O2 values (<60% predicted). Moreover, patients with higher cardiopulmonary stresses during exercise (e.g., higher &#916; ventilation/carbon dioxide output and &#916; heart rate/&#916;<img border=0 width=11 height=13 src="548_files/image001.gif" v:shapes="_x0000_i1198">O2) had lower &#916;<img border=0 width=11 height=13 src="548_files/image001.gif" v:shapes="_x0000_i1199">O2/&#916;WR (P < 0.05). In conclusion, a readily available, effort-independent index of aerobic dysfunction during dynamic exercise (&#916;<img border=0 width=11 height=13 src="548_files/image001.gif" v:shapes="_x0000_i1200">O2/&#916;WR) is typically reduced in patients with MM, being related to increased functional impairment and higher cardiopulmonary stress.

Dynamics of chest wall volume regulation during constant work rate exercise in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

This study evaluated the dynamic behavior of total and compartmental chest wall volumes [(V CW) = rib cage (V RC) + abdomen (V AB)] as measured breath-by-breath by optoelectronic plethysmography during constant-load exercise in patients with stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Thirty males (GOLD stages II-III) underwent a cardiopulmonary exercise test to the limit of tolerance (Tlim) at 75% of peak work rate on an electronically braked cycle ergometer. Exercise-induced dynamic hyperinflation was considered to be present when end-expiratory (EE) V CW increased in relation to resting values. There was a noticeable heterogeneity in the patterns of V CW regulation as EEV CW increased non-linearly in 17/30 "hyperinflators" and decreased in 13/30 "non-hyperinflators" (P < 0.05). EEV AB decreased slightly in 8 of the "hyperinflators", thereby reducing and slowing the rate of increase in end-inspiratory (EI) V CW (P < 0.05). In contrast, decreases in EEV CW in the "non-hyperinflators" were due to the combination of stable EEV RC with marked reductions in EEV AB. These patients showed lower EIV CW and end-exercise dyspnea scores but longer Tlim than their counterparts (P < 0.05). Dyspnea increased and Tlim decreased non-linearly with a faster rate of increase in EIV CW regardless of the presence or absence of dynamic hyperinflation (P < 0.001). However, no significant between-group differences were observed in metabolic, pulmonary gas exchange and cardiovascular responses to exercise. Chest wall volumes are continuously regulated during exercise in order to postpone (or even avoid) their migration to higher operating volumes in patients with COPD, a dynamic process that is strongly dependent on the behavior of the abdominal compartment.

Disentangling the effects of insomnia and night work on cardiovascular diseases: a study in nursing professionals

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are known to be associated with poor sleep quality in general populations, but they have not been consistently associated with specific work schedules. Studies of CVD generally do not simultaneously consider sleep and work schedules, but that approach could help to disentangle their effects. We investigated the association between insomnia and a self-reported physician diagnosis of CVD in day and night workers, considering all sleep episodes during nocturnal and diurnal sleep. A cross-sectional study was conducted in 1307 female nursing professionals from 3 public hospitals, using baseline data from the &#8220;Health and Work in Nursing - a Cohort Study.&#8221; Participants were divided into two groups: i) day workers with no previous experience in night shifts (n=281) and whose data on insomnia were related to nocturnal sleep and ii) those who worked exclusively at night (n=340) and had data on both nocturnal and diurnal sleep episodes, as they often sleep at daytime. Multiple logistic regression analysis was performed. Among day workers, insomnia complaints increased the odds of CVD 2.79-fold (95% CI=1.01-6.71) compared with workers who had no complaints. Among night workers, reports of insomnia during both nocturnal and diurnal sleep increased the odds of reported CVD 3.07-fold (95% CI=1.30-7.24). Workers with insomnia had similar probabilities of reporting CVD regardless of their work schedule, suggesting a relationship to insomnia and not to night work per se. The results also highlighted the importance of including evaluation of all sleep episodes (diurnal plus nocturnal sleep) for night workers.