Nasolabial esthetics in children with complete unilateral cleft lip and palate after 1- versus 3-stage treatment protocols

PURPOSE: Facial esthetics play an important role in social interactions. However, children with a repaired complete unilateral cleft lip and palate usually show some disfigurement of the nasolabial area. To date, few studies have assessed the nasolabial appearance after different treatment protocols. The aim of the present study was to compare the nasolabial esthetics after 1- and 3-stage treatment protocols. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Four components of the nasolabial appearance (nasal form, nasal deviation, mucocutaneous junction, and profile view) were assessed by 4 raters in 108 consecutively treated children who had undergone either 1-stage closure (Warsaw group, 41 boys and 19 girls, mean age 10.8 years, SD 2.0) or 3-stage (Nijmegen group, 30 boys and 18 girls, mean age 8.9 years, SD 0.7). A 5-grade esthetic index of Asher-McDade was used, in which grade 1 indicates the most esthetic and grade 5 the least esthetic outcome. RESULTS: The nasal form was judged the least esthetic in both groups and graded 3.1 (SD 1.1) and 3.2 (SD 1.1). The nasal deviation, mucocutaneous junction, and profile view were scored from 2.1 (SD 0.8) to 2.3 (SD 1.0) in both groups. The treatment outcome after the Warsaw and Nijmegen protocols was comparable. Neither overall nor any of the 4 components of the nasolabial appearance showed intercenter differences (P > .1). CONCLUSIONS: The nasolabial appearance after the Warsaw (1-stage) and Nijmegen (3-stage) protocols was comparable. The technique of lip repair (triangular flap in Warsaw and Millard rotation advancement in Nijmegen) gave comparable results for the esthetics of the nasolabial area.

Divergent adaptation of hepatitis C virus genotypes 1 and 3 to human leukocyte antigen-restricted immune pressure

Many hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections worldwide are with the genotype 1 and 3 strains of the virus. Cellular immune responses are known to be important in the containment of HCV genotype 1 infection, and many genotype 1 T cell targets (epitopes) that are presented by host human leukocyte antigens (HLAs) have been identified. In contrast, there is almost no information known about the equivalent responses to genotype 3. Immune escape mechanisms used by HCV include the evolution of viral polymorphisms (adaptations) that abrogate this host-viral interaction. Evidence of HCV adaptation to HLA-restricted immune pressure on HCV can be observed at the population level as viral polymorphisms associated with specific HLA types. To evaluate the escape patterns of HCV genotypes 1 and 3, we assessed the associations between viral polymorphisms and specific HLA types from 187 individuals with genotype 1a and 136 individuals with genotype 3a infection. We identified 51 HLA-associated viral polymorphisms (32 for genotype 1a and 19 for genotype 3a). Of these putative viral adaptation sites, six fell within previously published epitopes. Only two HLA-associated viral polymorphisms were common to both genotypes. In the remaining sites with HLA-associated polymorphisms, there was either complete conservation or no significant HLA association with viral polymorphism in the alternative genotype. This study also highlights the diverse mechanisms by which viral evasion of immune responses may be achieved and the role of genotype variation in these processes. CONCLUSION: There is little overlap in HLA-associated polymorphisms in the nonstructural proteins of HCV for the two genotypes, implying differences in the cellular immune pressures acting on these viruses and different escape profiles. These findings have implications for future therapeutic strategies to combat HCV infection, including vaccine design.

Highly Efficient Non-palladium Catalyzed Controlled Synthesis and X-ray Analysis of Functionalized 1,2-Diaryl-, 1,2,3-Triaryl- and 1,2,3,4-Tetraarylbenzene

A general, two-step highly efficient synthesis of 1,2-diaryl-, 1,2,3-triaryl- and 1,2,3,4-tetraarylbenzenes from simple stitching of alpha-oxo-ketene-S,S-acetals and active methylene compounds via a ���lactone intermediate��� is described. This procedure offers easy access to highly functionalized arylated-benzenes containing sterically demanding groups in good to excellent yields. The novelty of the procedure lies in the fabrication of aromatic compounds with desired conformational flexibility along the molecular axis in a transition metal-free environment through easily accessible precursors. The crystal analysis of these arylated-benzene scaffolds showed that the peripheral aryl rings are arranged in propeller-like fashion with respect to the central benzene rings. Examination of the crystal packing in the structure of a 1,2,3,4-tetraarylbenzene 12c revealed a ���N���pi interaction��� between molecules related by a two-fold screw axis running in a direction. It is interesting that the repeat of the array of N���pi interaction around the axis of the 1,2,3,4-tetraarylbenzene 12c enforces the molecules in a helical pattern.

��1- and ��3- voltage-gated sodium channel subunits modulate cell surface expression and glycosylation of Nav1.7 in HEK293 cells

Voltage-gated sodium channels (Navs) are glycoproteins composed of a pore-forming ��-subunit and associated ��-subunits that regulate Nav ��-subunit plasma membrane density and biophysical properties. Glycosylation of the Nav ��-subunit also directly affects Navs gating. ��-subunits and glycosylation thus comodulate Nav ��-subunit gating. We hypothesized that ��-subunits could directly influence ��-subunit glycosylation. Whole-cell patch clamp of HEK293 cells revealed that both ��1- and ��3-subunits coexpression shifted V �� of steady-state activation and inactivation and increased Nav1.7-mediated I Na density. Biotinylation of cell surface proteins, combined with the use of deglycosydases, confirmed that Nav1.7 ��-subunits exist in multiple glycosylated states. The ��-subunit intracellular fraction was found in a core-glycosylated state, migrating at ~250 kDa. At the plasma membrane, in addition to the core-glycosylated form, a fully glycosylated form of Nav1.7 (~280 kDa) was observed. This higher band shifted to an intermediate band (~260 kDa) when ��1-subunits were coexpressed, suggesting that the ��1-subunit promotes an alternative glycosylated form of Nav1.7. Furthermore, the ��1-subunit increased the expression of this alternative glycosylated form and the ��3-subunit increased the expression of the core-glycosylated form of Nav1.7. This study describes a novel role for ��1- and ��3-subunits in the modulation of Nav1.7 ��-subunit glycosylation and cell surface expression.

Skeletal abnormalities in mice lacking extracellular matrix proteins, thrombospondin-1, thrombospondin-3, thrombospondin-5, and type IX collagen.

Thrombospondin-5 (TSP5) is a large extracellular matrix glycoprotein found in musculoskeletal tissues. TSP5 mutations cause two skeletal dysplasias, pseudoachondroplasia and multiple epiphyseal dysplasia; both show a characteristic growth plate phenotype with retention of TSP5, type IX collagen (Col9), and matrillin-3 in the rough endoplasmic reticulum. Whereas most studies focus on defining the disease process, few functional studies have been performed. TSP5 knockout mice have no obvious skeletal abnormalities, suggesting that TSP5 is not essential in the growth plate and/or that other TSPs may compensate. In contrast, Col9 knockout mice have diminished matrillin-3 levels in the extracellular matrix and early-onset osteoarthritis. To define the roles of TSP1, TSP3, TSP5, and Col9 in the growth plate, all knockout and combinatorial strains were analyzed using histomorphometric techniques. While significant alterations in growth plate organization were found in certain single knockout mouse strains, skeletal growth was only mildly disturbed. In contrast, dramatic changes in growth plate organization in TSP3/5/Col9 knockout mice resulted in a 20% reduction in limb length, corresponding to similar short stature in humans. These studies show that type IX collagen may regulate growth plate width; TSP3, TSP5, and Col9 appear to contribute to growth plate organization; and TSP1 may help define the timing of growth plate closure when other extracellular proteins are absent.

Geschichte Noahs und der S��ndflut : eine ��bersetzung und kritische Behandlung des Middrasch Rabbah: Genes. Par. 25 ; 2 ; 26,1 ; 26,3 und Par. 29-36 ; nebst Anhang

Strassburg, Univ., Diss., 1891

Allerunterth��nigst-Rechts begr��ndete Additional-Anzeig Ad Exhibitum de 23. Julij nup. und Bitt pro clem.m�� demandanda[m] illius celere Relatione, Petit��que deferendo : An Die R��mis. Kayserl. ... Majest��t [et]c. ; In Sachen Judenschafft zu Franckfurth Contra E. E. Magistrat daselbst ; Bey h��chst-prei��lichen Reichs-Hof-Rath Den 28. Sept. 1714 ��bergeben ; Mit Beylagen Num. 1, 2 & 3 ; Rescripti das Bau-Weesen betreffend

Intervenientischer Burgerschafft

Transfer and effects of 1,2,3,5,7-pentachloronaphthalene in an experimental food chain.

Polychlorinated naphthalenes are environmentally relevant compounds that are measured in biota at concentrations in the ��g/kg lipid range. Despite their widespread occurrence, literature data on the accumulation and effects of these compounds in aquatic ecosystems are sparsely available. The goal of this study was to gain insights into the biomagnification and effects of 1,2,3,5,7-pentachloronaphthalene (PeCN52) in an experimental food chain consisting of benthic worms and juvenile rainbow trout. Worms were contaminated with PeCN52 by passive dosing from polydimethylsiloxane silicone. The contaminated worms were then used to feed the juvenile rainbow trout at 0.12, 0.25 or 0.50 ��g/g fish wet weight/day, and the resulting internal whole-body concentrations of the individual fish were linked to biological responses. A possible involvement of the cellular detoxification system was explored by measuring PeCN52-induced expression of the phase I biotransformation enzyme gene cyp1a1 and the ABC transporter gene abcb1a. At the end of the 28-day study, biomagnification factors were similar for all dietary intake levels with values between 0.5 and 0.7 kg lipid(fish)/kg lipid(worm). The average uptake efficiency of 60% indicated that a high amount of PeCN52 was transferred from the worms to the fish. Internal concentrations of up to 175 mg/kg fish lipid in the highest treatment level did not result in effects on survival, behavior, or growth of the juvenile trout, but were associated with the induction of phase I metabolism which was evident from the significant up-regulation of cyp1a1 expression in the liver. In contrast, no changes were seen in abcb1a transcript levels.

Vorl��ufiger Bericht ��ber die im Auftrage des Westpreu��ischen Botanisch-Zoologischen Vereins in der Zeit vom 3. Juli bis 16. August 1905 ausgef��hrte botanische Reise

Von F. Tressendorff

Na 50 Nachlass Arthur Schopenhauer - 'Schopenhauer-Archiv', 454 - Zus��tze f��r Band 1 der 3. Auflage von "Die Welt als Wille und Vorstellung"

3 Bl��tter

Inc. hebr. 1 Bd. 3 - Canon

Vorbesitzer: Abraham Berliner

Ms. Ff. Mus. 1323 - Am 2 post Epiphan. : Sehet an die Exempel der Alten, und pp. ; C. A. T. B. , 1 cornettino, 3 tromboni, 2 violini, 2 hautbois se piace, 1 viola, violoncello et organo.

von Telemann. [Textverf.: Gottfried Simonis]

Sacrae dei laudes : sub officio divino concinendae, 1, 2, 3, 4, vocum ; liber primus

auctore Joan. Feldmayr