Price promotions effects of virtue and vice products

Purpose: This paper aims to propose models that capture the own effect of price promotions of virtue and vice products on sales and cross effects within the subcategory, between subcategories and between periods. The hypotheses assume that, due to reverse consumption self-control, the demand for vice products is more price-sensitive than demand for virtue products, but the demand for vice products is less price-sensitive between periods than demand for virtue products; furthermore, due to the degree of impulse-buying and to licensing, the demand sensitivity of the products of a subcategory and of those of other subcategories varies according to the type of promoted product (vice or virtue). Design/methodology/approach: The methodology is based on different econometrical models that estimate the total net effect of price promotions of virtue and vice products on sales. Findings: The results show a greater own effect for price promotions of vice products than for virtue products. However, the complementary sales effect between subcategories for virtue products facilitates greater expansion of the subcategory in virtue products than in vice products. Originality/value: Although price promotions of virtue products (light) and vice products (regular) have proliferated in recent years, researchers have only estimated their own sales effect. Alternatively, the paper contributes by considering own and cross effects.

The social evil in Chicago: a study of existing conditions with recommendations by the Vice Commission of Chicago, a municipal body appointed by the Mayor and the City Council of the City of Chicago, and submitted as its report to the Mayor and City Council of Chicago

Preface -- Outline of study -- Resolution of appreciation -- Introduction and summary -- Proposed ordinance -- Recommendations -- Existing conditions in Chicago -- The social evil and the saloon -- The social evil and the police -- Sources of supply -- Child protection and education -- Rescue and reform -- The social evil and its medical aspects -- Appendices: Text of revised statutes of Illinois and ordinances of the City of Chicago ; Tables ; Exhibits.

[Student essay on vice], 1770 September 1

One leaf containing a handwritten essay on the proposition that "all Sinners, whatever Hopes they may have of Happiness, will hereafter be unhappy & miserable." The essay begins with an epitaph from Agamemnon: A Tragedy by Scottish poet James Thomson: "Vice always leads, however fair at first, to Wilds of Woe." The verso is dated September 1st 1770.

Le Royaume de Bosnie, dans son entier, dédié a son Excellence Monseignr. le feld Maréchal Comte de Khewenhüller Colonel d'un Régiment de Dragon Vice Roy d'Esclavonie, du Duché de Syrmie et Gouverneur de la Forteresse d'Essegg etc

le très humble et très obéissant serviteur Étienne Briffaut.