Atividade antioxidante in vitro e in vivo de café bebida mole

O objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar a atividade antioxidante do café, bebida mole, in vivo e in vitro, antes e após a torração. Para a análise da atividade antioxidante in vitro, foram utilizados os métodos de sequestro de radicais livres (DPPH) e de atividade quelante de íons Fe2+. Foram utilizados, para o ensaio in vivo, ratos Zucker diabéticos, portadores de síndrome metabólica, e ratos Zucker controle. Os animais receberam doses diárias das bebidas de café, por gavagem, por 30 dias. Após o tratamento, foi realizada a avaliação de peroxidação lipídica. As amostras torradas apresentaram a maior percentagem de sequestro de radicais livres. As concentrações nas amostras de café verde e torrado foram similares às do padrão Trolox. Das amostras torradas, a torração média se destacou com maior atividade quelante de íons Fe2+. Os cafés verdes mostraram maior poder quelante do que os torrados. Compostos presentes no extrato diminuíram a lipoperoxidação hepática e renal que é comum em casos de diabetes e síndrome metabólica. O café apresenta atividade antioxidante e protege o fígado e os rins dos animais contra a lipoperoxidação comumente presente em quadros de diabetes mellitus tipo 2 e síndrome metabólica.

Spontaneous viral clearance, viral load, and genotype distribution of hepatitis C virus (HCV) in HIV-infected patients with anti-HCV antibodies in Europe.

BACKGROUND: Variables influencing serum hepatitis C virus (HCV) RNA levels and genotype distribution in individuals with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection are not well known, nor are factors determining spontaneous clearance after exposure to HCV in this population. METHODS: All HCV antibody (Ab)-positive patients with HIV infection in the EuroSIDA cohort who had stored samples were tested for serum HCV RNA, and HCV genotyping was done for subjects with viremia. Logistic regression was used to identify variables associated with spontaneous HCV clearance and HCV genotype 1. RESULTS: Of 1940 HCV Ab-positive patients, 1496 (77%) were serum HCV RNA positive. Injection drug users (IDUs) were less likely to have spontaneously cleared HCV than were homosexual men (20% vs. 39%; adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 0.36 [95% confidence interval {CI}, 0.24-0.53]), whereas patients positive for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) were more likely to have spontaneously cleared HCV than were those negative for HBsAg (43% vs. 21%; aOR, 2.91 [95% CI, 1.94-4.38]). Of patients with HCV viremia, 786 (53%) carried HCV genotype 1, and 53 (4%), 440 (29%), and 217 (15%) carried HCV genotype 2, 3, and 4, respectively. A greater HCV RNA level was associated with a greater chance of being infected with HCV genotype 1 (aOR, 1.60 per 1 log higher [95% CI, 1.36-1.88]). CONCLUSIONS: More than three-quarters of the HIV- and HCV Ab-positive patients in EuroSIDA showed active HCV replication. Viremia was more frequent in IDUs and, conversely, was less common in HBsAg-positive patients. Of the patients with HCV viremia analyzed, 53% were found to carry HCV genotype 1, and this genotype was associated with greater serum HCV RNA levels.

Effect of meal ingestion on liver stiffness in patients with cirrhosis and portal hypertension.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Liver stiffness is increasingly used in the non-invasive evaluation of chronic liver diseases. Liver stiffness correlates with hepatic venous pressure gradient (HVPG) in patients with cirrhosis and holds prognostic value in this population. Hence, accuracy in its measurement is needed. Several factors independent of fibrosis influence liver stiffness, but there is insufficient information on whether meal ingestion modifies liver stiffness in cirrhosis. We investigated the changes in liver stiffness occurring after the ingestion of a liquid standard test meal in this population. METHODS: In 19 patients with cirrhosis and esophageal varices (9 alcoholic, 9 HCV-related, 1 NASH; Child score 6.9±1.8), liver stiffness (transient elastography), portal blood flow (PBF) and hepatic artery blood flow (HABF) (Doppler-Ultrasound) were measured before and 30 minutes after receiving a standard mixed liquid meal. In 10 the HVPG changes were also measured. RESULTS: Post-prandial hyperemia was accompanied by a marked increase in liver stiffness (+27±33%; p<0.0001). Changes in liver stiffness did not correlate with PBF changes, but directly correlated with HABF changes (r = 0.658; p = 0.002). After the meal, those patients showing a decrease in HABF (n = 13) had a less marked increase of liver stiffness as compared to patients in whom HABF increased (n = 6; +12±21% vs. +62±29%,p<0.0001). As expected, post-prandial hyperemia was associated with an increase in HVPG (n = 10; +26±13%, p = 0.003), but changes in liver stiffness did not correlate with HVPG changes. CONCLUSIONS: Liver stiffness increases markedly after a liquid test meal in patients with cirrhosis, suggesting that its measurement should be performed in standardized fasting conditions. The hepatic artery buffer response appears an important factor modulating postprandial changes of liver stiffness. The post-prandial increase in HVPG cannot be predicted by changes in liver stiffness.

Prevalence and clinical significance of isotype specific antinuclear antibodies in primary biliary cirrhosis.

with specific ANA, in particular of the IgG3 isotype, had significantly more severe biochemical and histological disease compared with those who were seronegative. None of the controls was positive.Conclusions: Disease specific ANA are present in the majority of patients with PBC when investigated at the level of immunoglobulin isotype. PBC specific ANA, in particular of the IgG3 isotype, are associated with a more severe disease course, possibly reflecting the peculiar ability of this isotype to engage mediators of damage.

Self-Renewing Human Bone Marrow Mesenspheres Promote Hematopoietic Stem Cell Expansion.

Strategies for expanding hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) include coculture with cells that recapitulate their natural microenvironment, such as bone marrow stromal stem/progenitor cells (BMSCs). Plastic-adherent BMSCs may be insufficient to preserve primitive HSCs. Here, we describe a method of isolating and culturing human BMSCs as nonadherent mesenchymal spheres. Human mesenspheres were derived from CD45- CD31- CD71- CD146+ CD105+ nestin+ cells but could also be simply grown from fetal and adult BM CD45--enriched cells. Human mesenspheres robustly differentiated into mesenchymal lineages. In culture conditions where they displayed a relatively undifferentiated phenotype, with decreased adherence to plastic and increased self-renewal, they promoted enhanced expansion of cord blood CD34+ cells through secreted soluble factors. Expanded HSCs were serially transplantable in immunodeficient mice and significantly increased long-term human hematopoietic engraftment. These results pave the way for culture techniques that preserve the self-renewal of human BMSCs and their ability to support functional HSCs.

Mutant huntingtin impairs the post-Golgi trafficking of brain-derived neurotrophic factor but not its Val66Met polymorphism.

Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) polymorphism is associated with the pathophysiology of several neurodegenerative disorders, including Huntington"s disease. In view ofthese data andthe involvement of huntingtin in intracellular trafficking, we examined the intracellular transport and release of Val66Val BDNF (Val-BDNF) and Val66Met BDNF (Met-BDNF) in transfected striatal knock-in cells expressing wild-type or mutant full-length huntingtin. Colocalization studies with specific markers for endoplasmic reticulum showed no differences between the Val-BDNF and Met-BDNF and were not modified by mutant huntingtin. However, post-Golgi trafficking was altered by mutant huntingtin dependent on the BDNF form. Thus, fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP) and inverse FRAP analysis showed retention of Met-BDNF inthe Golgi apparatus with respectto Val-BDNF in wild-type cells. Strikingly, mutant huntingtin diminished post-Golgi trafficking of Val-BDNF, whereas Met-BDNF was not modified. Accordingly, a reduction in the number of transport vesicles was only observed in mutant huntingtin cells transfected with Val-BDNF but not Met-BDNF. Moreover, mutant huntingtin severely affectedthe KCl-evoked release of Val-BDNF, although it had little effect on Met-BDNF regulated release. The constitutive release of Val-BDNF or Met-BDNF in mutant cells was only slightly reduced. Interestingly, mutant huntingtin only perturbed post-Golgi trafficking of proteins that follow the regulated secretory pathway (epidermal growth factor receptor or atrial natriuretic factor), whereas it did not change those that follow the constitutive pathway (p75 NTR ). We conclude that mutant huntingtin differently affects intracellular transport and release of Val-BDNF and Met-BDNF. In addition, our findings reveal a new role for huntingtin in the regulation of the post-Golgi trafficking of the regulated secretory pathway.

Incidence, prevalence and clinical significance of abnormal hematological indices in compensated cirrhosis.

Background & Aims: Patients with cirrhosis develop abnormal hematologic indices (HI) from multiple factors, including hypersplenism. We aimed to analyze the sequence of events and determine whether abnormal HI has prog-nostic significance. Methods: We analyzed a database of 213 subjects with compensated cirrhosis without esopha-geal varices. Subjects were followed for approximately 9 years until the development of varices or variceal bleeding or completion of the study; 84 subjects developed varices. Abnormal HI was defined as anemia at baseline (hemoglo-bin,<13.5 g/dL for men and 11.5 g/dL for women), leuko-penia (white blood cell counts,<4000/mm 3 ), or thrombo-cytopenia (platelet counts, < 150,000/mm 3 ). The primary end points were death or transplant surgery. Results: Most subjects had thrombocytopenia at baseline. Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that leukopenia occurred by 30 months (95% confidence interval, 18.5-53.6), and anemia occurred by 39.6 months (95% confidence interval, 24.1-49.9). Baseline thrombocytopenia (P .0191) and leukope-nia (P.0383) were predictors of death or transplant, after adjusting for baseline hepatic venous pressure gradient (HVPG), and Child-Pugh scores. After a median of 5 years,a significant difference in death or transplant, mortality,and clinical decompensation was observed in patients who had leukopenia combined with thrombocytopenia at base- line compared with patients with normal HI (P < .0001). HVPG correlated with hemoglobin and white blood cell count (hemoglobin, r 0.35, P < .0001; white blood cell count, r 0.31, P < .0001). Conclusions: Thrombocy-topenia is the most common and first abnormal HI to occurin patients with cirrhosis, followed by leukopenia and anemia. A combination of leukopenia and thrombocytopenia at baselin predicted increased morbidity and mortality.

Las riberas de los rios mediterraneos y su calidad: el uso del indice QBR

Se ha aplicado el QBR (índice de calidad del bosque de ribera) a 157 estaciones de muestreo localizadas en ríos pertenecientes a 12 cuencas diferentes del ámbito mediterráneo español. Los resultados indican que más del 34 % de las estaciones muestran valores de calidad buenos y muy buenos (QBR > 75), mientras que el 45 % presenta valores de mala y pésima calidad (QBR < 50). Según una tipología previa establecida para clasificar las estaciones de muestreo, los valores de mayor calidad de QBR se dan en estaciones de cabecera de cuencas calcáreas y en las zonas de karst. Los tipos denominados temporales y ramblas presentan los valores más bajos de calidad, o no tiene representantes de máxima calidad. La ausencia o escasez de bosques de riberas de máxima calidad en las cuencas del sur peninsular puede explicarse por el gradiente de aridez que se establece desde el norte hacia el sur. Además existe un evidente deterioro de las riberas desde las cabeceras a las desembocaduras de los ríos, de manera que ambos factores influyen en el estado actual de las riberas de los ríos mediterráneos ibéricos. Finalmente se discute la utilidad y limitaciones del QBR en ríos sometidos a situaciones de estrés hídrico o ambiental.

Management of varices and variceal hemorrhage in cirrhosis.

Variceal hemorrhage is a lethal complication of cirrhosis, particularly in patients in whom clinical decompensation (i.e., ascites, encephalopathy, a previous episode of hemorrhage, or jaundice) has already developed. Practice guidelines for the management of varices and variceal hemorrhage1 in cirrhosis are mostly based on evidence in the literature that has been summarized and prioritized at consensus conferences...

Leiomiossarcoma do intestino grosso: relato de um caso

Os autores relatam um caso de leiomiossarcoma de cólon ascendente acometendo um paciente do sexo masculino, de 49 anos de idade. O paciente iniciou o quadro com anemia e massa abdominal, e a evolução dos sintomas até o diagnóstico final foi de nove meses. Na radiografia simples do abdome havia presença de coleção aérea localizada no hipocôndrio direito, fora da topografia de alças; no clister opaco com duplo contraste foi demonstrado deslocamento inferior da flexura hepática e divertículos. A ultra-sonografia abdominal mostrou lesão expansiva heterogênea, com gás no seu interior, de localização sub-hepática. A tomografia computadorizada do abdome revelou massa escavada com nível líquido, sub-hepática, que não se impregnou pelo meio de contraste. Foi realizada hemicolectomia direita com ileocoloanastomose, e o diagnóstico histopatológico foi de leiomiossarcoma de cólon ascendente.

Pseudomixoma peritoneal: aspectos tomográficos e na ressonância magnética - relato de três casos

O pseudomixoma peritoneal é um tumor incomum, de curso indolente, que se caracteriza pela presença de ascite mucinosa ou implantes na cavidade peritoneal. Origina-se geralmente de lesões no apêndice ou no ovário. O diagnóstico pode ser feito por meio da citologia de aspiração por agulha fina, ultra-sonografia, tomografia computadorizada ou ressonância magnética. Os autores relatam três casos de pseudomixoma peritoneal cujo sítio primário era o ovário, e que foram submetidos a tomografia computadorizada e a ressonância magnética do abdome. Este trabalho enfatiza a importância destes métodos em função de sua capacidade de resolução espacial, imagens multiplanares e diferentes seqüências (na ressonância magnética), permitindo melhor avaliação das lesões. Os exames tomográficos demonstraram massas lobuladas, hipodensas, com limites bem definidos, determinando "lobulações" nas margens hepática e esplênica por compressão extrínseca secundária a implantes peritoneais, sem invasão dos órgãos. A ressonância magnética revelou lesões expansivas com baixo sinal nas imagens ponderadas em T1 e alto sinal em T2, de localização peritoneal, junto às margens do fígado e baço.

Sarcoma embrionário indiferenciado do fígado: relato de caso

O sarcoma embrionário indiferenciado do fígado é uma entidade rara que acomete, principalmente, crianças acima dos cinco anos de idade. O aspecto macroscópico consiste, caracteristicamente, de grande massa hepática com maior componente sólido, porém apresenta algumas áreas císticas. Curiosamente, a tomografia computadorizada superestima o componente cístico da lesão, sendo a ultra-sonografia um método mais fidedigno na demonstração da consistência do tumor. Os estudos por imagem ajudam a afastar enfermidades não-neoplásicas, como abscessos e hematomas hepáticos, e avaliam a extensão das lesões. O diagnóstico de sarcoma embrionário indiferenciado pode ser corretamente presumido quando se consideram os achados de imagem em conjunto com a idade do paciente e o nível de alfa-fetoproteína. Os autores descrevem um caso de sarcoma embrionário indiferenciado no fígado de uma criança do sexo feminino de dez anos de idade, enfatizando seus aspectos imagenológicos e o diagnóstico diferencial.

Non-invasive diagnostic and prognostic evaluation of liver cirrhosis and portal hypertension.

Cirrhosis is the final stage of most of chronic liver diseases, and is almost invariably complicated by portal hypertension, which is the most important cause of morbidity and mortality in these patients. This review will focus on the non-invasive methods currently used in clinical practice for diagnosing liver cirrhosis and portal hypertension. The first-line techniques include physical examination, laboratory parameters, transient elastography and Doppler-US. More sophisticated imaging methods which are less commonly employed are CT scan and MRI, and new technologies which are currently under evaluation are MR elastography and acoustic radiation force imaging (ARFI). Even if none of them can replace the invasive measurement of hepatic venous pressure gradient and the endoscopic screening of gastroesophageal varices, they notably facilitate the clinical management of patients with cirrhosis and portal hypertension, and provide valuable prognostic information.